WIILLMETTii FAE'MEiR.
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Sulcni, Saturday) AIay4.
STATK It.UUVAYH.
If wo nro not mistaken In the -lgns
of tho times, tho following
question , will nobnor. or -litter force
llsolf upon tho consideration of tho
people, viz,' whether It Is not better
for tlio State, to own und operate tho
mllwuyH and telegraphs, than to al
low tlicin to remain in tho hands of
corjtoratlons, wiio may ,u their
KJver to meddle with popular elec
tions. Tho government of Itusslu own nil
the railways within her domain, and
has recently entered tho money
markets of thu world to hoi-row many
millions to extend tho national lines
Into tho Caucasus and f.ir Kastern
Russia. Turkey asl.'s a loan forallko
object, in ord( r lo make Constantino
pie tho railway center of Southern
Kuropu and Western Asia; and the
Khedive of Kgypt, determined not
to ho behind other nations, wants to
lorrow money to build ovcriiiimul
railroads In Hie great valley of the
Nile. Several of the Mouth Ainorl
can republics, witli Peru and Harry
Mclggs at their bead, are borrowing
money to build rallroad.sowued by the
government. I'eru Is mortgaging her
guano islands, Nild to be worth fabu
lous mltlloiiH of money, to raise tiio
means to build tho roads already un
der contract to Moiggs. And dually
comes Japan, waking from the
dreams of centuries, and proposes to
place in the money markets of tho
world, a great loan, for tho express
purine of quickly ruining tho means
to construct u grand system of na
tional railways, for the promotion
and accoinmodatlou of her vast In
land commerce.
It N .seen that every one of thoso
nations is acting tiiou (ho princi
ple that it is better for the State to
own and operate the railroads. These
absolute government fear to trust
to the power of corporations
within them, able to construct and
operate long linen of railway ; and It
remains to bo .seen whether their
ideas on this subject are better than
ours have been, where tho govern
ment has exercised 1cm control over
business and commerce than tiny
other nation in the world. We be
llevo that our overland line of mil
way would bo better managed by the
government than they are by the
companies. The genius and .spirit of
our free institutions do not of
course coincide with the absolute
and dictatorial rule of the nations we
have quoted, but It is not yet certain
that our boasted freedom does not in
some cases oiler temptations to per
boiuil frauds and misrule, more det
rimental to society than tho Just and
Intelligent Mirvclllauco of the au
thority of thu people. "Tammany"
and" Krle" have been tho ulcer of
New York, and the disgrace of the
nation for the last ten year. The
concentration of vast wealth. iiillu-
............ ,...., ..-,, ..,,-, Mf -
manifestly and alarmingly on the In- j
creasulu these latter times, and so
41 It 114 II III I tUttL'Jlt 111 tl Titll lilt (tiKi . ,.
rcauuy ami oiteu wrongniuy ac
complished by means of railroad con
solidation, Is a strong argument in
favor of the State taking control of
these vast agencies lu the develop
ment of States, and (ho welfare of
tho iHsiplc. To do this in Oregon,
our State Constitution would havo to
1h) amended. It badly needs amend
ment lu various other particulars, so
as to make it conform to tho altered
circumstances and li.crea.-lng wants
of tho people. Our State Constitu
tion was prepared for a poor young
State, with few wants and small 11 .
uaiiclid resources. Sinn then the
country has grown. Ideas and civil
government have grown and devel
oped all uver the United Slates. Tlio
new State Constitution of West Vir
ginia, recently formed, contains
many checks and safeguards never
drenijjed of ton years ago. Tho civil
war uiu a terrible education, ami it
duvelojH'd thu mind of the nation
far more than Its moral mmic.
K0TAT10X,0t; CHOPS. , MK, J0HX8jLKTIKK.
If tho farmers of Oregon pursue . We dMIko to dispel n delusion
tho name cour.se for the next twenty from tho mind of a person who Is re
years that has been 'followed for the ally happy in its enjoyment, but we
last fwenlv. ivinr liiiliii.fi u-lll In. llu.lr ' cimnnl 10 I'm In frriin n'lnlndllM? our
IiiihIm. nntl iumn.1. ullll ilw.lr HO.iln
.....,,..., .,..,.... . . ..
Wo well remember when to raise
wheat was tho easiest thing poslblo
for a farmer. Tho t-rons worn almost
Invariably gro)vn from one sowing
of seed the second being culled a
volunteer crop, and was often us
good as the first, and sometimes bet
ter, llul these sanio lands have
been ti.sed for wheat and oats to long
that it now requires good fanning to
produce an average croji. An Intel
ligent farmer of Haleni 1'rairlo mid
he thought the present uenoratlou
might get a living from our lands,
but a future one would have to work
for It In a different way from ii.
This is the point we wish to get at
is it best for us to waste away our
banks from which we draw, until
they are so worn that no real Interest J
is attainable'.' .Shall wo leave a iiscd-
11 p Hill to future generations '.'
in i.ngiuuu, mo strong arm oi ne-
cesslty has forced her people toadopl
a dlirerent system. Constant rota-
lion of crops and continued up-
plications of manures Jmvo enabled
thom to"lner"enso their yield of grain,
and It Is not uncommon to got sixty
bushels of wheal from an acre.--
.M Ixcd husbandry Is certainly the
safest, as well as ln'st for tho land,
anil is most profitable in a series of,
years to tho farmer. It is usually
the case that Mimetblng the farmer
can raise will bring him money, and
n good price. Hut to depend upon
grain or any one product of tho farm
from which to get money, makes a
fanner hard run .sometimes, and lie , one that will be grinding on gen
llnds it dllllciilt to pay his taxes. orations yet to come if onco firmly
Summer-fallowing mid deep plowing j established, why does Mr. .Johns
are coming In practice more than come in mid nrguu in defense of tho
formerly, but these alone cannot re- man who Is work lug to estubllsh that
.siiscituto worn-out lands. Theru ' monopoly ?
must ho returned to tho soil that' To show the beauties of n uionopo
which Is taken from It, either byoe-'ly, suppose Mr. Johns and another
caslonally plowing under green crops party are buying the farmers' wheat
or adding manure directly. I at Marion; Mr. Johns is "In" with
The philosophy of the rotation of I tho monopoly, but tho other party Is
crops Is this: Kvcry product takes (not, and Mr. J. complains to the
dliTercnt chemical elements from tho monopoly aforesaid that ho cannot
soil, and while one crop is taking one compete with his .opponent, ami
thing from the soil, another element
is accumulating which will make
food for another product. Hence
hind may bo u-ed almost coiu-tuutly j
with a proper rotation of crops. In,
tho application of manure, sheep, for'
tliis valley, are the best kind of
slock. Worn-out hay lands can be I
ronuwed by fencing lu small lots and, lor what Mr. Johns will pay for It.
keeping sheep at night in them till. And can't any one see that the only
the ground Is pretty well covered (safety to the producer Is in competl-
with miinurov It is easier to corral i tlon V
sheep on laud than to haul manure I Tho railroad is now paying sum
upon It. 'With a small lot of pot In-j clout to eniiblo Mr. Holladay to pay
bio fence, wholo fields of hay lauds tho steamship Constantino .itt,000
can bo mado to produco excellent per year to not run in opposition to
crops, witnout tlio necessity of plow-
log up tho sward. The finest wheat
crops in mis aiato uro-usually pas.
tured with nhecp or hogs, making u the farmers and producers of Oregon? j American Independence, will leave
double return to the former in tho I While it i true that he has u mo-1 by the first steamer for San Francis
way 'f fat sheep, tin increased nopoly of the carrying trade, yet the! co, with the design of being present
amount of wool, mid u greater yield completion of the locks presents an i nt tho meeting of the Commissioners
of grain per acre, whllo tho soil is ( opening by which an opi-osltlon can on the L'-.'d of May. The meeting to
ieu in u imiicr coiiiiiuon lor oilier .
I ilkili.
inf,,. - ,.
Let lis learn to farm with uioio'
system, ami liiisUind the strength of
our soils, and Oregon will Ih the fu-
uiro pantuise oi mo iniieii Mates.
-- Miow Tor his "life." . . ion of our World's Fair in lS7(i. Ho
i:u. Faiimkk: Your articles on h- Hut Mr. Johnssiys that he ".-up- j will niako It his special business to
llttcal corruption meet with tho up- poses there is not n firmer or a nier-! ascertain upon what terms our pro
probation or nearly all who read, chant lu Oregon who desires a mo- duco, stock, etc., can bo sent and re
them. Two articles were lu the nopoly of the carrying trado in the turned over the lines of trade. Mr.
iAu.Mi.it oi tne loth of .March, enti-
tlo "The Crisis Coining " and " Vote Then why not unite with the Fak.m- ! vised of tho Incidents of interest dur
for lionet Men," me the !( I have Kit lu asking that men Itoscnt to the lug his trip.
over seen In print lu any paper. I Legislature who cannot lie corrup-.
havo carried tho pa.per around and ted- men that will stand fitst tor the ! Tii.vnks.-Wu arc Indebted to Hon.
rend It to honest farmers, and others, j rights of our people, and who undor IL w Corbctt for a copy of the lte
and they have endorsed It to a man. 'no consideration will desert their I portoftlieCommlHloncrof Agriculture
Plea-eRlyousinoroorthem. They posts of duty? Wo don't ask for tho Diseases of Cattle In the Tub
expre-s the sentiments of all honest ' politicians in tlio Legislature we t''', States. It U a quarto volume of
men. Wo want a railroad, but we want iom.nifii.iiinl u iu.iiv,. ti... more than 00 pages, and contains
will not bo mado Am by a inonop-,
oly.
To elect honei-t men for tho Legis-
ituuru mat cannot lie ivought or sold,
kv
.ot
is ouroniysaivatlon. Though trick
,-........ ..1 ...... luiimivrcrs may not ;
heed your adviiv, I'm mers and mo- Mr. Johns lu Ids last sentence, " Let i smw Hon. 8. Garfleldo was unani
chanlcswlll. Morouiiou. us have peace." Until that tlmo wo inously re-nominated, on the first
Jack-on. "proi-oso to fight It out on this line"! ballot, Tor Dclegato to Congress
f.nrrni.Tviiilnnf lin tlinrr. Is n Croat
,,,;,. ," , 77, 1 11
dlflerenee in tho public mind be-
, tweon Qeorgo Washington and Hen
llolbulav. N01110. wo know, think
the latter the greater of tho two, but
they are generally legislators who especially any who are Republicans,
havo been paid tover.il times morel A paper devoted to Agriculture and
II,,.,. ,i, ,,.,, .,i, ,. ....ii. 1., in . kindred pursuits has no call or reason
than they were worth '' 'to engage hotly In a political campaign
a curtain direction, and think that as a o.il.1 nartv nnmii and this the
llolladay's "high" appicclation do-
serves a slnillar "high'
fllltll'fW.lll.
nppiuio
TIJ1II Jtll IJIJIIJ. .1.1..I III ..1.T1I...1 .VII. .11
.. 1. j . A iifl
..ti. VII iiiuii (rtiii, ill iiiiiiliii . .!..
Columbus Milled on Ills perilous voy
age; when Washington enlisted to
light for our independence; when '
I'rauklin bottled lightning, and when
Mor-o turned It Ioo.-e on thu wire,
history falls to record that they llri-t
figured on tho number of acres of
land they would get by tho move, or
asked subsidies. They were Impelled
iy patriotism ny pniiautiiropy. u
pure love for thu human race. Tho
uitlorcncc between thee noble men
and Mr. Holladay Is tho dlflerenee
hot ween wMorMi and oiw-iV. Mr.
Holladay camo to Oregon to itc
'Money, and he Is making It. Nolovo
'of mankind ennobles his- oxlstoneo
'any more than it docs that of a clam
or mi oyster.
i Wo accord lo Mr. 1 lolladav all tho
credit duo him fortholniprovementH1
......
he lias eileeled In thu State. Not a
' word has tho Faiimi.u ever ald or
ever will say fo discourage these
I improvement?. The people to be
piosperous must havo llieni, and
more of them. Hut when the FAitM -
I Kit raNes Its voice against u monopn-
(asks for protection. The monopoly
j man Informs Mr. J.'s opponent that
i he cannot .ship tho wheat ho buys nt
that place to Portland on the cars or
boats for less than fifty cents per
buMu'l. Mr. .I's opponent withdraws
from the market, and any one can
see that tho farmers' wheat must go I
his steamships-on the San Francisco l
and Portland routu i Whence comes
tins sv,w hut from tho pockets of
no successfully run against him, and ,
.. .ff . f it. . - . .
a iinr competition una ror tho enrrv-
Jug trado of the Willamette valley,
Prices for irnii.sportntlon will then
settle to a just hcale, and tho produ-,
cor as well as tho carrier can huvo a
hands of one man or conuunv."
niiie-tentluof the people uro with us. .
lien rn k ml .mi iim ...oi.ii .....I
locks open for tho passage of any j
"" ,,,l presents useir, ana rates of
!iTf,!r!nill!! wh Uruw that
fattcK
lutxirorcunllv.. m. m,.iiu,i
TIIi: FAKMKK8 SOLI) 01 T.
If the fanners of Orecon think
thev arc supporting nil organ devoted
I to their pursuits or Interest when they
ptitronlrc tho Wii.takmtti: Faiimkk,
they are egrcglouslv in error. It is a
. ' Grover organ, anil has clearly B
ill lias cicariy boiu
Itself to advocate his party and par-
tznn interest. It Is a Salem lung
organ in disguise a wolf In sheep's
clothing anil every rainier ougiii to
cease from further support of It, whiit-
firtir lilu tmllf Inut Htiiitlmmits : but.
FaiimiuuIoch. An honestand worthy
ilHlIUlllllll.il Iflll.C! lUlli.'. Uf UIU liUllfc-
. . .,,,' !.., n, .iit,.,,uui.. r
4 ..1. ...... 1 ........ 1 .1... .,..11.
.V...V.I ,'t.f I , UIKIIIIO 1IIV tliri.linjl.JII '.
. a - . - ... .1
political (innstlons and the wraiiL'llntr
- i over party matter. Hut the Faiimi:ii
Is devoted almost exclusively to the
most malignant, slanderous and un
scrupulous nartizan warfare niralnst
the Republican party, and In behalf of
uovemor urover auu ms kuiciii idug
lu Its venom itstojps at no falsehood,
liniv'fivftf lnif.11 inifl lijitlru ill tin I rlfilffiri...
however despicable. Is It In Salem
i what tho JJemocratlc I'tchs was two
I "!'? "K'e'J'K'j!1 f
. annntiiwi " nmi 11.1. miiuiii..ii nlniri
-.... ...-......... ................,
mi 1
gentleman who controls the Mercury
win imi. i(.tiiih in ueiiio 11s columns is
'given place in the Fahmi.u. It Is a
I disgrace to the Agricultural Interests
of the State, and a swindle upon all
, who have patronized It as an organ
1 devoted to these interests. Its pub
lisher knows nothing about funning,
and In publishing his only ohject into
I make money. It Is not to bo fairly
1 presumed that thu man who will M'll
' " .,.1 ' ' V," i r" . 7""' ,";.?.?!
uitii iii jiiiii; iiiiiiiiciiinn. i i iiivi"
wise cl( (hem to the Hpeculutors in
V" , "' '" H0?' 0l "' "yf"tf ce
the farmer raises or produces, and
against the producing rUue.' lias
not the Faiimkk played Into the hands
ofrpcculutort, and against the farmer
of Oregon within the nast vear. In're-
ganl to wheat und wool ? Let thofarni
ivm themselves examine and rellcct
upon I lie suliject. A publisher whoso
only object Is to make money, and who
is over ready to sell for the highest price
HiinuiH icgani 10 persons or parties
or interests Is not the kind of publish
er to conduct a paper for the Agricul
tural Interest of Oregon. And we
commend tho fact wc state to the con
sideration or tuoso who have been
swindled into patronizing tho Salem
King's Faiimi.u. llullctlnof Tuesday.
Tho above charges against the
Fakmjik u ro so specific that no one
can bo misled as to their meaning.
If any singlo ono of thom (oxcept the
charge that our object is to make
monoy) Is true, in whole or in part,
tho Fa hmi.u deserves to bo kicked
from tho houses of all its patrons.
Mr. Holladay is owner of tho Ore
gon lliilktin, and resiionsible forany
thing that appears in Its columns.
Tho charges uro calculated to work
an injury to our business, mid wode-
maud of Mr. Holladay that ho causo
,0 " unequivocally retracted each
""' "" these charges or produce tho
proof that they uro true. Onoof these
two things must bo done, or ho will
navo io suiier tlio consequences.
CKSm.VUL AX.MVKKSAKY.
Hon. A. J. Dufur. of Multnomah
county, Alternate Commissioner
from Oregon to niako nrrangemonts
for tlio centennial anniversary of
take placo at this time will probably
settle all tho preliminary questions us
to uio character of tills celebration
It appears to ho Mr. Dufur's ambition
to havo tho industrial interests of Or
to havo tho Industrial interests of Or-
egon well represented on the occas-
Dufur has promised to keen us ad
'"iwu engraving, Illustrating the I
various dUcuses treated of.
NOM I NATION. -
-At tho Washing-
ton Territory Republican Conven
heldat Kalama a few day
'011-
f KIM AXD RAILKOADS. ,
Dr. J. G. Holland, In tferibner's for
May, on tho abovo subject, makes
tho following remarks t " Wo hear a
great deal In these days of tho influ
oneo of railroad eoriioratlons in pub
lie niTairs, of their power to control
largo bodies of men and sliapo the
policy of States. That danger lies In
this power, there Is no question. In
many States it lias been tho agent of
enormous corruption, and In somo it
has lorded it over legislature, Judic
iary, and executlvo alike. With
abounding means nt Its disposal, It
has done moro to corrupt tho foun
tains or legislation than any other In
terest ; nnd moro than any other In.
terest docs it need tlio restraining
and guiding hand oftholaw.on behalf
of tho popular service and tho popular
virtue.
There is one influence of railroads,
however, that has not heon publicly
noticed, so far as wo know, and to
this wo call attention.
There? Is nn Influcnco proceeding
from tho highest managing man in n
rauroaii corpnratijn which reaches
further, for good or evil, than that of
almost any other man in any com
munity. If tlio president or tho su
perintendont of n railroad is n man
of frco and easy social habits ; If ho
Is In tho habit of taking his stimula
ting glass, and It Js known that ho
does so, Ids railroad becomes a canal
through which n stream of liquor
flows from end to end. A rum
drinking head man, on any railroad,
reproduce.? himself nt every post on
his line, as a rule. Grog-shop? grow
up around every idatlon, nnd for
twenty miles on both Hides of tho
Iron track, and often for a wider dis
tance, tho pcoplo nro corrupted in
their habits and morals. Tho farm
ers who transport tholr produco to tho
points of shipment on tho line, and
bring from the dopots thoir supplies,
suficr us tho servants of tho corpora
tions themselves.
This Is no imaginary ovll. Every
careful observer must havo noticed
how invariably tho wholo lino of a
railroad takes its moral huo from tho
leading man of tho corporation.
Wherever such a man is a freo drink
er, his men nro freo drinkers; and it
is not in such men persistontly to
discountenance a vice that they per
sistently uphold by tho practices of.
their dally life. A thorough tern
perauco man at the head of a railroad
corporation is a great purifier ; and
Ills road becomes tho distributor of
puro inllueuccs with every load of
merchandise it bears through tho
country. Thuro I? Just as wldo n dif
ference In tho moral Inflonco of rail
roads on tho belts of country through
which thoy pass as thero is among
men, and that influence Is determ
ined almost entirely by tho manag
ing man. Thero aro roads that pass
through nono but clean, well-ordered,
and thrifty villages ; and thero ore
roads that from ono end to tho othor,
give evidence, in every town upon
them, that tho devil of strong drink
rules and ruins. Tho character of
ten thousand town? and villages in
tho United State? is determined, In
n greater or less dogrce, by tho char
acter of the men who control tho
railroads which pass through them.
These men have ho much Influence,
and, whon they aro bad men,
aro such a shield anil cover
for vice, that always keep? for them
its best bed and its best bottle, that
nothing seems competent to neutral
Izo tholr owcr.
Tho least that thesu corporations
to which tho pcoplo have given such
great privileges can do, is to Bee
that such men are placed in charge
as will protect tho pcoplo on their
lines of road from degeneracy and
ruin. To elect ono man to a controll
ing placo in a railway corporation
whoso social habit? aro bad, is delib
erately, in tho light of experience
and of well-established facta, to place
in every tlckot-olllco and freight-office,
and every position of service
and trust on tho line, a man who
drinks ; to estubllsh grog-shops near
every station : and to currv a moral
nnd industrial blight along tho whole
iiuo oi roau wuooo auairs no aurain-
istcw Lko muster like man ; and
like man his companion and friend,
wlierover he finds him in social com
munion." IIiiilk Kocikty. Tho anniversary
meeting of the Oregon Hranch of the
American lllblc Society will be held
May 7th. ltev. Mr. Iier will preach
the anniversary sermon.