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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (May 4, 1872)
WIILLMETTii FAE'MEiR. 4: I U.I I I i ' ,.H .11 '.' I' I I I If !,' It 1 1 ' ;; ' j ! II K H 'M (ft ! If : Ml 1 isii Sulcni, Saturday) AIay4. STATK It.UUVAYH. If wo nro not mistaken In the -lgns of tho times, tho following question , will nobnor. or -litter force llsolf upon tho consideration of tho people, viz,' whether It Is not better for tlio State, to own und operate tho mllwuyH and telegraphs, than to al low tlicin to remain in tho hands of corjtoratlons, wiio may ,u their KJver to meddle with popular elec tions. Tho government of Itusslu own nil the railways within her domain, and has recently entered tho money markets of thu world to hoi-row many millions to extend tho national lines Into tho Caucasus and f.ir Kastern Russia. Turkey asl.'s a loan forallko object, in ord( r lo make Constantino pie tho railway center of Southern Kuropu and Western Asia; and the Khedive of Kgypt, determined not to ho behind other nations, wants to lorrow money to build ovcriiiimul railroads In Hie great valley of the Nile. Several of the Mouth Ainorl can republics, witli Peru and Harry Mclggs at their bead, are borrowing money to build rallroad.sowued by the government. I'eru Is mortgaging her guano islands, Nild to be worth fabu lous mltlloiiH of money, to raise tiio means to build tho roads already un der contract to Moiggs. And dually comes Japan, waking from the dreams of centuries, and proposes to place in the money markets of tho world, a great loan, for tho express purine of quickly ruining tho means to construct u grand system of na tional railways, for the promotion and accoinmodatlou of her vast In land commerce. It N .seen that every one of thoso nations is acting tiiou (ho princi ple that it is better for the State to own and operate the railroads. These absolute government fear to trust to the power of corporations within them, able to construct and operate long linen of railway ; and It remains to bo .seen whether their ideas on this subject are better than ours have been, where tho govern ment has exercised 1cm control over business and commerce than tiny other nation in the world. We be llevo that our overland line of mil way would bo better managed by the government than they are by the companies. The genius and .spirit of our free institutions do not of course coincide with the absolute and dictatorial rule of the nations we have quoted, but It is not yet certain that our boasted freedom does not in some cases oiler temptations to per boiuil frauds and misrule, more det rimental to society than tho Just and Intelligent Mirvclllauco of the au thority of thu people. "Tammany" and" Krle" have been tho ulcer of New York, and the disgrace of the nation for the last ten year. The concentration of vast wealth. iiillu- ............ ,...., ..-,, ..,,-, Mf - manifestly and alarmingly on the In- j creasulu these latter times, and so 41 It 114 II III I tUttL'Jlt 111 tl Titll lilt (tiKi . ,. rcauuy ami oiteu wrongniuy ac complished by means of railroad con solidation, Is a strong argument in favor of the State taking control of these vast agencies lu the develop ment of States, and (ho welfare of tho iHsiplc. To do this in Oregon, our State Constitution would havo to 1h) amended. It badly needs amend ment lu various other particulars, so as to make it conform to tho altered circumstances and li.crea.-lng wants of tho people. Our State Constitu tion was prepared for a poor young State, with few wants and small 11 . uaiiclid resources. Sinn then the country has grown. Ideas and civil government have grown and devel oped all uver the United Slates. Tlio new State Constitution of West Vir ginia, recently formed, contains many checks and safeguards never drenijjed of ton years ago. Tho civil war uiu a terrible education, ami it duvelojH'd thu mind of the nation far more than Its moral mmic. K0TAT10X,0t; CHOPS. , MK, J0HX8jLKTIKK. If tho farmers of Oregon pursue . We dMIko to dispel n delusion tho name cour.se for the next twenty from tho mind of a person who Is re years that has been 'followed for the ally happy in its enjoyment, but we last fwenlv. ivinr liiiliii.fi u-lll In. llu.lr ' cimnnl 10 I'm In frriin n'lnlndllM? our IiiihIm. nntl iumn.1. ullll ilw.lr HO.iln .....,,..., .,..,.... . . .. Wo well remember when to raise wheat was tho easiest thing poslblo for a farmer. Tho t-rons worn almost Invariably gro)vn from one sowing of seed the second being culled a volunteer crop, and was often us good as the first, and sometimes bet ter, llul these sanio lands have been ti.sed for wheat and oats to long that it now requires good fanning to produce an average croji. An Intel ligent farmer of Haleni 1'rairlo mid he thought the present uenoratlou might get a living from our lands, but a future one would have to work for It In a different way from ii. This is the point we wish to get at is it best for us to waste away our banks from which we draw, until they are so worn that no real Interest J is attainable'.' .Shall wo leave a iiscd- 11 p Hill to future generations '.' in i.ngiuuu, mo strong arm oi ne- cesslty has forced her people toadopl a dlirerent system. Constant rota- lion of crops and continued up- plications of manures Jmvo enabled thom to"lner"enso their yield of grain, and It Is not uncommon to got sixty bushels of wheal from an acre.-- .M Ixcd husbandry Is certainly the safest, as well as ln'st for tho land, anil is most profitable in a series of, years to tho farmer. It is usually the case that Mimetblng the farmer can raise will bring him money, and n good price. Hut to depend upon grain or any one product of tho farm from which to get money, makes a fanner hard run .sometimes, and lie , one that will be grinding on gen llnds it dllllciilt to pay his taxes. orations yet to come if onco firmly Summer-fallowing mid deep plowing j established, why does Mr. .Johns are coming In practice more than come in mid nrguu in defense of tho formerly, but these alone cannot re- man who Is work lug to estubllsh that .siiscituto worn-out lands. Theru ' monopoly ? must ho returned to tho soil that' To show the beauties of n uionopo which Is taken from It, either byoe-'ly, suppose Mr. Johns and another caslonally plowing under green crops party are buying the farmers' wheat or adding manure directly. I at Marion; Mr. Johns is "In" with The philosophy of the rotation of I tho monopoly, but tho other party Is crops Is this: Kvcry product takes (not, and Mr. J. complains to the dliTercnt chemical elements from tho monopoly aforesaid that ho cannot soil, and while one crop is taking one compete with his .opponent, ami thing from the soil, another element is accumulating which will make food for another product. Hence hind may bo u-ed almost coiu-tuutly j with a proper rotation of crops. In, tho application of manure, sheep, for' tliis valley, are the best kind of slock. Worn-out hay lands can be I ronuwed by fencing lu small lots and, lor what Mr. Johns will pay for It. keeping sheep at night in them till. And can't any one see that the only the ground Is pretty well covered (safety to the producer Is in competl- with miinurov It is easier to corral i tlon V sheep on laud than to haul manure I Tho railroad is now paying sum upon It. 'With a small lot of pot In-j clout to eniiblo Mr. Holladay to pay bio fence, wholo fields of hay lauds tho steamship Constantino .itt,000 can bo mado to produco excellent per year to not run in opposition to crops, witnout tlio necessity of plow- log up tho sward. The finest wheat crops in mis aiato uro-usually pas. tured with nhecp or hogs, making u the farmers and producers of Oregon? j American Independence, will leave double return to the former in tho I While it i true that he has u mo-1 by the first steamer for San Francis way 'f fat sheep, tin increased nopoly of the carrying trade, yet the! co, with the design of being present amount of wool, mid u greater yield completion of the locks presents an i nt tho meeting of the Commissioners of grain per acre, whllo tho soil is ( opening by which an opi-osltlon can on the L'-.'d of May. The meeting to ieu in u imiicr coiiiiiuon lor oilier . I ilkili. inf,,. - ,. Let lis learn to farm with uioio' system, ami liiisUind the strength of our soils, and Oregon will Ih the fu- uiro pantuise oi mo iniieii Mates. -- Miow Tor his "life." . . ion of our World's Fair in lS7(i. Ho i:u. Faiimkk: Your articles on h- Hut Mr. Johnssiys that he ".-up- j will niako It his special business to llttcal corruption meet with tho up- poses there is not n firmer or a nier-! ascertain upon what terms our pro probation or nearly all who read, chant lu Oregon who desires a mo- duco, stock, etc., can bo sent and re them. Two articles were lu the nopoly of the carrying trado in the turned over the lines of trade. Mr. iAu.Mi.it oi tne loth of .March, enti- tlo "The Crisis Coining " and " Vote Then why not unite with the Fak.m- ! vised of tho Incidents of interest dur for lionet Men," me the !( I have Kit lu asking that men Itoscnt to the lug his trip. over seen In print lu any paper. I Legislature who cannot lie corrup-. havo carried tho pa.per around and ted- men that will stand fitst tor the ! Tii.vnks.-Wu arc Indebted to Hon. rend It to honest farmers, and others, j rights of our people, and who undor IL w Corbctt for a copy of the lte and they have endorsed It to a man. 'no consideration will desert their I portoftlieCommlHloncrof Agriculture Plea-eRlyousinoroorthem. They posts of duty? Wo don't ask for tho Diseases of Cattle In the Tub expre-s the sentiments of all honest ' politicians in tlio Legislature we t''', States. It U a quarto volume of men. Wo want a railroad, but we want iom.nifii.iiinl u iu.iiv,. ti... more than 00 pages, and contains will not bo mado Am by a inonop-, oly. To elect honei-t men for tho Legis- ituuru mat cannot lie ivought or sold, kv .ot is ouroniysaivatlon. Though trick ,-........ ..1 ...... luiimivrcrs may not ; heed your adviiv, I'm mers and mo- Mr. Johns lu Ids last sentence, " Let i smw Hon. 8. Garfleldo was unani chanlcswlll. Morouiiou. us have peace." Until that tlmo wo inously re-nominated, on the first Jack-on. "proi-oso to fight It out on this line"! ballot, Tor Dclegato to Congress f.nrrni.Tviiilnnf lin tlinrr. Is n Croat ,,,;,. ," , 77, 1 11 dlflerenee in tho public mind be- , tweon Qeorgo Washington and Hen llolbulav. N01110. wo know, think the latter the greater of tho two, but they are generally legislators who especially any who are Republicans, havo been paid tover.il times morel A paper devoted to Agriculture and II,,.,. ,i, ,,.,, .,i, ,. ....ii. 1., in . kindred pursuits has no call or reason than they were worth '' 'to engage hotly In a political campaign a curtain direction, and think that as a o.il.1 nartv nnmii and this the llolladay's "high" appicclation do- serves a slnillar "high' fllltll'fW.lll. nppiuio TIJ1II Jtll IJIJIIJ. .1.1..I III ..1.T1I...1 .VII. .11 .. 1. j . A iifl ..ti. VII iiiuii (rtiii, ill iiiiiiliii . .!.. Columbus Milled on Ills perilous voy age; when Washington enlisted to light for our independence; when ' I'rauklin bottled lightning, and when Mor-o turned It Ioo.-e on thu wire, history falls to record that they llri-t figured on tho number of acres of land they would get by tho move, or asked subsidies. They were Impelled iy patriotism ny pniiautiiropy. u pure love for thu human race. Tho uitlorcncc between thee noble men and Mr. Holladay Is tho dlflerenee hot ween wMorMi and oiw-iV. Mr. Holladay camo to Oregon to itc 'Money, and he Is making It. Nolovo 'of mankind ennobles his- oxlstoneo 'any more than it docs that of a clam or mi oyster. i Wo accord lo Mr. 1 lolladav all tho credit duo him fortholniprovementH1 ...... he lias eileeled In thu State. Not a ' word has tho Faiimi.u ever ald or ever will say fo discourage these I improvement?. The people to be piosperous must havo llieni, and more of them. Hut when the FAitM - I Kit raNes Its voice against u monopn- (asks for protection. The monopoly j man Informs Mr. J.'s opponent that i he cannot .ship tho wheat ho buys nt that place to Portland on the cars or boats for less than fifty cents per buMu'l. Mr. .I's opponent withdraws from the market, and any one can see that tho farmers' wheat must go I his steamships-on the San Francisco l and Portland routu i Whence comes tins sv,w hut from tho pockets of no successfully run against him, and , .. .ff . f it. . - . . a iinr competition una ror tho enrrv- Jug trado of the Willamette valley, Prices for irnii.sportntlon will then settle to a just hcale, and tho produ-, cor as well as tho carrier can huvo a hands of one man or conuunv." niiie-tentluof the people uro with us. . lien rn k ml .mi iim ...oi.ii .....I locks open for tho passage of any j "" ,,,l presents useir, ana rates of !iTf,!r!nill!! wh Uruw that fattcK lutxirorcunllv.. m. m,.iiu,i TIIi: FAKMKK8 SOLI) 01 T. If the fanners of Orecon think thev arc supporting nil organ devoted I to their pursuits or Interest when they ptitronlrc tho Wii.takmtti: Faiimkk, they are egrcglouslv in error. It is a . ' Grover organ, anil has clearly B ill lias cicariy boiu Itself to advocate his party and par- tznn interest. It Is a Salem lung organ in disguise a wolf In sheep's clothing anil every rainier ougiii to cease from further support of It, whiit- firtir lilu tmllf Inut Htiiitlmmits : but. FaiimiuuIoch. An honestand worthy ilHlIUlllllll.il Iflll.C! lUlli.'. Uf UIU liUllfc- . . .,,,' !.., n, .iit,.,,uui.. r 4 ..1. ...... 1 ........ 1 .1... .,..11. .V...V.I ,'t.f I , UIKIIIIO 1IIV tliri.linjl.JII '. . a - . - ... .1 political (innstlons and the wraiiL'llntr - i over party matter. Hut the Faiimi:ii Is devoted almost exclusively to the most malignant, slanderous and un scrupulous nartizan warfare niralnst the Republican party, and In behalf of uovemor urover auu ms kuiciii idug lu Its venom itstojps at no falsehood, liniv'fivftf lnif.11 inifl lijitlru ill tin I rlfilffiri... however despicable. Is It In Salem i what tho JJemocratlc I'tchs was two I "!'? "K'e'J'K'j!1 f . annntiiwi " nmi 11.1. miiuiii..ii nlniri -.... ...-......... ................, mi 1 gentleman who controls the Mercury win imi. i(.tiiih in ueiiio 11s columns is 'given place in the Fahmi.u. It Is a I disgrace to the Agricultural Interests of the State, and a swindle upon all , who have patronized It as an organ 1 devoted to these interests. Its pub lisher knows nothing about funning, and In publishing his only ohject into I make money. It Is not to bo fairly 1 presumed that thu man who will M'll ' " .,.1 ' ' V," i r" . 7""' ,";.?.?! uitii iii jiiiii; iiiiiiiiciiinn. i i iiivi" wise cl( (hem to the Hpeculutors in V" , "' '" H0?' 0l "' "yf"tf ce the farmer raises or produces, and against the producing rUue.' lias not the Faiimkk played Into the hands ofrpcculutort, and against the farmer of Oregon within the nast vear. In're- ganl to wheat und wool ? Let thofarni ivm themselves examine and rellcct upon I lie suliject. A publisher whoso only object Is to make money, and who is over ready to sell for the highest price HiinuiH icgani 10 persons or parties or interests Is not the kind of publish er to conduct a paper for the Agricul tural Interest of Oregon. And we commend tho fact wc state to the con sideration or tuoso who have been swindled into patronizing tho Salem King's Faiimi.u. llullctlnof Tuesday. Tho above charges against the Fakmjik u ro so specific that no one can bo misled as to their meaning. If any singlo ono of thom (oxcept the charge that our object is to make monoy) Is true, in whole or in part, tho Fa hmi.u deserves to bo kicked from tho houses of all its patrons. Mr. Holladay is owner of tho Ore gon lliilktin, and resiionsible forany thing that appears in Its columns. Tho charges uro calculated to work an injury to our business, mid wode- maud of Mr. Holladay that ho causo ,0 " unequivocally retracted each ""' "" these charges or produce tho proof that they uro true. Onoof these two things must bo done, or ho will navo io suiier tlio consequences. CKSm.VUL AX.MVKKSAKY. Hon. A. J. Dufur. of Multnomah county, Alternate Commissioner from Oregon to niako nrrangemonts for tlio centennial anniversary of take placo at this time will probably settle all tho preliminary questions us to uio character of tills celebration It appears to ho Mr. Dufur's ambition to havo tho industrial interests of Or to havo tho Industrial interests of Or- egon well represented on the occas- Dufur has promised to keen us ad '"iwu engraving, Illustrating the I various dUcuses treated of. NOM I NATION. - -At tho Washing- ton Territory Republican Conven heldat Kalama a few day '011- f KIM AXD RAILKOADS. , Dr. J. G. Holland, In tferibner's for May, on tho abovo subject, makes tho following remarks t " Wo hear a great deal In these days of tho influ oneo of railroad eoriioratlons in pub lie niTairs, of their power to control largo bodies of men and sliapo the policy of States. That danger lies In this power, there Is no question. In many States it lias been tho agent of enormous corruption, and In somo it has lorded it over legislature, Judic iary, and executlvo alike. With abounding means nt Its disposal, It has done moro to corrupt tho foun tains or legislation than any other In terest ; nnd moro than any other In. terest docs it need tlio restraining and guiding hand oftholaw.on behalf of tho popular service and tho popular virtue. There is one influence of railroads, however, that has not heon publicly noticed, so far as wo know, and to this wo call attention. There? Is nn Influcnco proceeding from tho highest managing man in n rauroaii corpnratijn which reaches further, for good or evil, than that of almost any other man in any com munity. If tlio president or tho su perintendont of n railroad is n man of frco and easy social habits ; If ho Is In tho habit of taking his stimula ting glass, and It Js known that ho does so, Ids railroad becomes a canal through which n stream of liquor flows from end to end. A rum drinking head man, on any railroad, reproduce.? himself nt every post on his line, as a rule. Grog-shop? grow up around every idatlon, nnd for twenty miles on both Hides of tho Iron track, and often for a wider dis tance, tho pcoplo nro corrupted in their habits and morals. Tho farm ers who transport tholr produco to tho points of shipment on tho line, and bring from the dopots thoir supplies, suficr us tho servants of tho corpora tions themselves. This Is no imaginary ovll. Every careful observer must havo noticed how invariably tho wholo lino of a railroad takes its moral huo from tho leading man of tho corporation. Wherever such a man is a freo drink er, his men nro freo drinkers; and it is not in such men persistontly to discountenance a vice that they per sistently uphold by tho practices of. their dally life. A thorough tern perauco man at the head of a railroad corporation is a great purifier ; and Ills road becomes tho distributor of puro inllueuccs with every load of merchandise it bears through tho country. Thuro I? Just as wldo n dif ference In tho moral Inflonco of rail roads on tho belts of country through which thoy pass as thero is among men, and that influence Is determ ined almost entirely by tho manag ing man. Thero aro roads that pass through nono but clean, well-ordered, and thrifty villages ; and thero ore roads that from ono end to tho othor, give evidence, in every town upon them, that tho devil of strong drink rules and ruins. Tho character of ten thousand town? and villages in tho United State? is determined, In n greater or less dogrce, by tho char acter of the men who control tho railroads which pass through them. These men have ho much Influence, and, whon they aro bad men, aro such a shield anil cover for vice, that always keep? for them its best bed and its best bottle, that nothing seems competent to neutral Izo tholr owcr. Tho least that thesu corporations to which tho pcoplo have given such great privileges can do, is to Bee that such men are placed in charge as will protect tho pcoplo on their lines of road from degeneracy and ruin. To elect ono man to a controll ing placo in a railway corporation whoso social habit? aro bad, is delib erately, in tho light of experience and of well-established facta, to place in every tlckot-olllco and freight-office, and every position of service and trust on tho line, a man who drinks ; to estubllsh grog-shops near every station : and to currv a moral nnd industrial blight along tho whole iiuo oi roau wuooo auairs no aurain- istcw Lko muster like man ; and like man his companion and friend, wlierover he finds him in social com munion." IIiiilk Kocikty. Tho anniversary meeting of the Oregon Hranch of the American lllblc Society will be held May 7th. ltev. Mr. Iier will preach the anniversary sermon.