WILLAMETTE FARMEE.
w laire-
NOTES ON BITTER.
Prof. Julius Lchmann has) been
uinking j.01110 experiments ns to the
causes why cream sometimes gives
none. Ms results have been pub
lished in the 111. J. I Axe. if. Gew.
These cases aro :
1. Unelcanllness of tho vessels
holding tho cream and butter.
i. Too long standing of the milk
and cream.
3. An unhealthy condition of the
milk from which tho cream 1m pro
duced. Tho cream which gives no nutter
Is ulwaya very Hour and its smell and
tasto denote a decomposition of some
of Its clement". At least wo must
grant that thero is in such cream
tomo substance whsch causes its ab
normal act ion in butter-making. The
nature of this substance Is not yet
understood : but tho professor has a
way of making it harmless as regards
separating the cream into butter and
buttermilk.
That tho troublo in making butter
often arise from unelcanllness of the
vessels, cannot bo denied. Where
wooden vessels are used, a simplo
washing with water is never snlll
cicnt. Tho milk and cream get into
tho minute pores of tho wood and arc
not removed by the process of wash
lug and drying, but remain there,
decay, and lujtiro tho following
charges of milk, from which is on
tallied, therefore, poor butter or, in
fionio ciws, cream which yields no
butter. The professor recommends
that, after theitsiial wnMilngnnd dry
lug, a little sortn solution and hot vn
tcr (In tho churn a wino glass of Mida
Kolution to one gallon of water, and
in tho cream vessel a liquor glass of
foda solution to one-third gallon of
water) be put Into the vessels, which
ro well shaken llvoor six times (lin
ing half an hour and then well
washed with hot water and dried.
Tho cattlo troughs should uImi 1k
kept clean and occasionally, at least
once a week, washed out with lime
milk ; for It cannot bo doubted that
decaying matter, used by theeowsas
food, deteriorates tho quality of their
milk.
Sometimes letting tho milk or
cream stand too long Injures it for
butter making although many dairy
men hold to tho opinion that the
longer the mill: stands the more
cream Is obtained. This opinion is
entirely wrong. Tho milk should not
Htand longer than tW, or at most II,
hours at a temperature of 60.
Is tho cream deteriorated ko that It
gives no butter, put it in a wooden
vessel, stir It continually and add a
u diluted solution of soda (to 1 wlno
glass soda solution oiid-sixth gallon
water) until yellow test paper on con
tact with tho cream assumes n brown
ish color. As soon as this occurs, and
the cream has lost Its sour taste, let
it stand quiet a quarter of an hour
and then stir and add very carefully
diltito hydrochloric acid until the so
lution gives blue test paper a faint
red color. The addition of tho acid
has changed the oxcess of soda in the
cream into common salt ; and the
cream now, after working it an hour
nt tho uttnoit, will give very good
butter. The professor has often tried
this method and always with tho
best of success.
Should too much acid havo been
added, tho butter can only with ditll-
culty bo majo to form largo lumps.
In this caso the material Is (ttralied
through tho cloth.
Tho professor thinks that no dairy
should bo without soda solution for
cleaning tho vessels. This, of .
spec, gravity should Iks kept in lit
tles with tight glas-. stoppers. After
using, wash the stoppers with water,
wipe dry and rub on It two or three
drops of table nil. Tho dilution of
tho solution or of tho hydrochloric
acid must always tako place in gl.tss
vessels.
Tiik Amkunkv.s. Tho distin
guished quality for which tho Alder
ney is prized, is tho marked richness,
nnd deep yellow color of her milk ;
yot it is moderate in quantity eight
to twelve quarts a day being a good
yield in the height of her season
but that, wonderfully rich In cream
and butter. A gentleman in Now
England, who had for many years
kept quite a herd of them on his farm
for dairy purposes, a few years since
told us that he sent much of his but
ter to private families in 1 Jos ton,
where he obtained about double the
prico of good common butter, and
that one-half or even less of Alder-
ney milk, mixed with that of the
common cow, gave it color nearly
equal to that of the pure breed. We
have like accounts from others who
kept them.
Aldemeys were occasionally Im
ported into America as early as fifty
years ago, and In considerable num
bers within the last twenty. They
aro favorites where well known, aro
Increasing in number., and bear
good prices.
iormponbmcc.
Sublimit Farmers' Club.
E. Eaiimi:k : Uy request of E. T.
Perkins, Secretary of our Farmers'
Club (who Is very busy), I send you
a few Items concerning our progress.
Our Club met on Saturday, April
13th. After discussing domestic
economy, it was agreed that there
was a wide difference between real
economy and sllngine-s. After dis
cussion, H was agreed that notwith
standing the rage for cattle and
sheep speculations It was safest to
hold carefully to mixed husbandry
After appointing agents for the
disposal of our wool flop, we found
by count that we had some twenty
three hundred fleeces to dlspo-c of,
mostly combing wool, and It was left
to the discretion of our agents whe
ther to sell now or wait for further
developments of the market ; but
the Club seemed to be sensible of the
benefit of the tariff on foreign wool,
as favoring the wool-grower.
An c.v.iy on homu attractions was
read by J. C. Olca-on, which attract
cd considerable attention. It was
ordered sent to the Faiimiui for pub
lication.
After the reading of the coustitii
thm, sixteen new members were ad
mitted. Each person offering to be
come a member pays a half dollar to
the Treasurer, and If he receives a
majority of the Club he Is declared a
member. Our new members includo
four ladles, one of whom is u miss,
Wonder if she would not make a
good companion for somo young
farmer. Ono feature of our Club is,
we admit large lioys, five of whom
are members. Wo number some
thirty members In all, and our Club
seems to bo getting quite popular.
We also mado arrangements to keep
our library at the building where wo
meet. Wo have qulto u number of
books for our library, and are mak
Ing arrangements to Increaso our
stock of books as npiortunlty offers.
The Club voted to have an oyster
supper nt Squire Downlng's on the
the 10th of April, at which time wo
Invito the editor of tho Faiimkk to
be present, as we expect to have a
pleasant time together, spending tho
entire day in discussion or rwiitl
chat, as may bo deemed most advis
able. Our next subject is progress
ive agriculture.
I neglected to mention ihat we re
ceived a valuable lot of grass, grain,
garden, and flower seeds, from the
Department of Agriculture, which
were distributed for experiment
the result to le duly reKirted to our
Secretary. O. W. Hunt.
L1MK FOK 1'OTATOKS.
En. Faiimkii : Dr. J. P. Parker, an
old nnd experienced farmer of our
community (Jacksonville), had about
an aero of choice- land which ho de
signed for potatoes. On tho flrt year
ho niletl an abundant crop of pota
toes ; on tho second year the crop
was not so good ; on the third season
Hie crop was qulto inferior to tho first
two, whllo tho fourth crop was near
ly a failure, barely getting his sed
back. It being apparent that tho o.
tatocs had attracted some requisite
substance of the soil, he sought to as
certain what that something was. Fi
nally, after a philosophical reasoning,
he determined that lime was the in
gredient ; hence, on tho fifth year ho
dropped u teaspoonful of lime in each
liillof potatos; tho consequence was,
a crop equal if not better than the
tlrst.
YourcorresiKindcnt knows of farm
ers that never raise more than one or
two crops of potatoes on one piece of
land. If they will try the remedy of
which I have spoken, I think the
desideratum will be acquired.
Jackson.
The royal plate at Windsor, which
Is kept In a tolcrahly-sl.i'd room nnd
iinniljoinlngcloset, Is valued nt 1,750,
000 sterling. There Is one gold serv
ice, lined by (Jeoige IV., to dine one
hundred and thirty guests. Some
pieces were taken from the Spanish
Aiiuailn, some brought fiom India,
ltlrnuili. China. Theicnrc thirty do
zen of plates which cost twenty-six
guineas each plate, 'fills Is only a
portionor tue royal wcaiiu oi iMigiaun,
In tills Item of domestic necessity. In
tnu lower oi i.oiuiou are all manner oi
goidsalteellars,drluklug-cups, spoons,
etc., which In value represent an addi
tional million or so.
imi niwi -i iMfriiiiHwgaa
SFSOXAXi NOTICES.
Icninrknliln rurc of tho Supcrliitiiidriit aud
Act lit nf the lliuiliilupt' Mine
"The work pie. hrawly on " l'e No. t!,00t
Second Scrlc..
liCAKALirr. Mink, Ni:AiiS.lor, I
An,'. 15. 1871. I
Dr. A. it iWu.il ,f Oi. 1'nrn Inn time, lluie
been afflicted with Klu'iiinatl-iii In in) bund nnd
fcit, tlir iln iniwt of tlii! tlnu' bclim ery .ccrt'
tin ihr- 7lh of .lulr I pmrutisl .nine nf jour t'NU
VKIU)RKli:iY. and nnerlaklti2nnly Threw lint
Ilia, find 1 liit I mil qulti- riXnri'K I" In -itlti ami
trcnslh. I liiti'limlllK'tlii'iimillMii fur lift rn Ml)
jeans n ml think Unit lln'Miico" irnhi " I'NK " In
curlnj: i (II'iMm' if n Innu .laudliii:. In n .hint ti
thiii. I. erv rcmarknlilti. An it tunic mut turn...
Ilrerl Inw in Mir met with ' jtliln;; rqllill tnlln'
l'M Mill ill. Mhm ; iiiirinuiiii'iiini'i Hit. ink
lii'lt I nitliiitl llflt-iMi Cll h.iiiiiI lii nrii:li( Tril.t
IliiMlint till cirllllcule will In' ii-i-flil In Iniltulni;
other u'U'tttdn.l tu. to try ttu "I'NK." I ft main
wrv truly your JMi:T IIIIOWN
i'elifl Kttp't and siMit (1-tiidalupoMlhc.
Wjwotnl IS'otloo.
IxrmrnTtos I. ih cn et nin-tntli of ill
di...va tli litliiM macliiii. 1. .Uhjt-lt lo ' Ona
ton to lb itmcn aod du Mtlt or n. ml i oa
will ruoi OiaQ halt in yftur diMor tU'.
Ilr.llra.l,'aelr.rlr4l1tl HlM.ri.rarfruni
tnrnJ.l be all pby-lciina in l)rrrTJ and fr
AM. IVUrt.UKTN of t f l.ltlH AMI l'nrTM4
OliUASi, S adTcrttaeiuenl lu uiotLcr ewluifaii.
GILL, STEEL & CO.,
MEALl'lt IN
BOOKS, STATIONERY
Musical Instruments,
SCHOOL BOOKS.
4 ORNI'.lt W. ASSOUTMK.NT OK TIIK I1KHT
IV sUDiuru I'nMlcallon.
TKACIIKUS IIEQUISITKS,
Such Cllouca, Map, Ctaitr, Cr.jotif, Call Delia,
Kcwarda, Jtc.
MISCKM.ANEOUS HOOKS
A central annnrlmcnl, and vrrr)lbioff nolillthrd
In th United Hlatn or Kurni'i- Imported In order
on (lion uotur.
We Initio r-pi rial attention toouratotk of
Mason &, Hamlin Organs,
THE nKST IN TIIK WOULD!
CIIICKKItlXn.
MAKSCIIALL A MITTAUKR.
And KHERSON
iiuiros i
FLUTES, VIOLINS, ACCOHDKONS. C AC.
A complete itaortment of MUSIC INSTRUC
TION HOOKS. AH5.
TIB OSXtSBRATSS
CHICKERING PIANO
6 v, try
MASON & HAMLIN ORGANS.
GILL 4c NTKKL AgeuU for Oreeoo and
Waahinictou Ttrrllory,
fify Price. rellr Brdurcd.
Hold either for CASH or oa INSTALMENTS.
WintHoiii ST rroat SI re I, np tUln.
I'ortUsil.Sept. 11,1871-1.
'ffriFrB
k1 bJ m.
i?6tiis'.
JOHN HUGHES,
Ooruor of BTA-TH tvxicl. XXJBJBXVSTSr Btrooti
DKALKH IN
Bacon, Lard, Butter, Ohoeso, Flour, Grain, Feed,
AND DOMESTIC PRODUCE OF ALL KINDS.
Paints, Oils and Window Glass, American and English
Coach Varnishes. Engmn and Amorican rurmturo v nr-
nishos, Gum Shellac, and Japan Varnishes, White
Damar and Asphaltum Varnishes.
CASTOR OIL,
I.AIII) OIL. NKATS FOOT OIL,
IIOOKISII OIL, l'OLAlt OIL,
rt'TTV COLORS' l.AMIMII.M'K,
KI.KI'IIANT OIL,
LINSKI'.I) OIL,
UKAININO
WholesAlo and Retail at
ni.li inll lor nil Kind of Jlrrclmntnble. l'roilucc at ('ituli Ilnlc.
tttr joi-insr i-aixja-i-iEis.
Why Delay Insuring?
SECURE the PROTECTION
OFFKIIKI) IIY TIIK
OLD NEW ENGLAND.
Facts Little Known
Itll.ATISU Til
LIFE INSURANCE:
riiiiiaii: is no voiti'i:iTi'iii in
JL tin' New Uiirl.inil Muiiml Life liinmimc (Vm
pan), mid Iliu rilliinliiyi'ninpli'i pnur tlicfuil;
I'uitTi anii, .Vnv, A, IN.'i.- a.' pild mi a puMry
nlicri' I lui premium rlx mniillm mi rlm A.t
i: Mlllir, ruril.iml, Otix'on Atmiinil Inruritl,
$Vim. Ilic pmnu'iit T thl clulm ai Mti.lnl
by Cliiclnimtl llllli-, Jdiuli .Mnjir, (le. II I'l.iu
den-, M. t-elli r
Cot I , Jim "7. I'-TO Liii.ii' p.il.l mi a puller
i hem tin preniliim nun fnur mniiliii mcriliic .1
W. Jiiiii'k, t'liluni, Cnl t nimiiiiil In.iirul, $I0,UM
Tht'pnmeiil of IliUilalin n llftid by Trunk
SpitiVlIni;, V I tliHttl. .1 M WIUuii, J.W. timid,
A .1 .lidiiiiHiii M.I) , llmry IVilmi
WainiitI'iihik, .Inn vn. 1871 l.nm paid im a
polk-i ulicru llii'pri'iiiliim uiiKilcii'iiimiiilliniivir
duo: I.iHnnri-(I l'eil. Walnut t'ruk. t'al ; nm
omit lii'iirid, (Mum. 'I lit) pii)im-nt nt till' rUlm
nan altrrlid liy .lnlin Slltr, tart In rnK'f, .lulin ,1,
Ki rr. M. Uottrr, I. K MtOr.
fint , IMi .', 71 -Li pnl.l mi a pulley
ulicri' tlu pri'inliim fniir ihimiiIhiim nine: ,la,
II. t'ulilin, I'nlii'ii. I'lil.t aiiiiiniit Inriirnl, tliiil.
Tim J..1J nirlit nf Hi!', i him n ntli'rlul liy W. I".
tliHil, .1 W llimd. .tnliii How Jiilm t'liini-y
San Kium i-iii, .lull z l7l. L pild oim
IKtlliy ulieri' tdo jiri'iiiliim im. Inn mnnllimrr
line; .1. Li-Iiimii, nt IIiiIpk I'll), liliilm: iimuiiiil
liixirrd, flu OKI. Tlici.i)iui'iit nt lliln tliliiinim
nlli-ptiil l.v M. S. Riniril, H, A. Il)l, .1. (Vf, ltn-ri-ntlinl,
1'iilir t'o,
'tin' bIhiiu (l.ilnn uern paid under tin.' Mnn
rliii'i It liini-furfrllnrr law,
Tlie New KniMiinil Mutual I.I fr- Insurance t'niii-
pitiy ai" Iiirnrporatcil In INVl, and l tlierefurc the
iildrct purely tuiitual lite luiiriinri. cnnipatiy In tin
I'nliiil Slnte. It ha. t'ASII ASKTS III' OVRR
10,00(1,000, mill l tlii-nnlt i oliilultiy mi the
l'uc till cna.l yoierncl he the. Mit.pailiii.etl. linn
riirlelturelan. IIIVIDKNIIS ilnlan-d and maili'
aallahltf In inyiiiiiit.nrpreniliiin. ANNl'AI.LV
UAi.ii.Ki: i'.vi:iiso.v,
tlineral AKeut. N R. mr. Han.nmeniid
Cullfiirnli .1... ban KruiirliCn.
JOSIil'll -IIIDDI.IMIISS,
Superlliteiidi tit nf Aceucli ,
ID I'mnt p , rnrtUitd.
CAIT LVMAN S. hfOIT.
DcclKmil Inal Aceul, Malu p Salem
TREES AND PLANTS!
East Portland Nursery.
I
1NV1TK TIIK ATTKNTION OF IIF.AI.KUH
and planter, lu my Urc and complete .lock nf
Standard Fruit Trees
OF RVnitV VARIKTY.
GRAPE VINES, Small Fruits,
Oriiammtal Trtrx, Shrubs, Plant,
ltulhnm J'lowcflinj Hoot,
J tow, etc.
I'lf Fruit and Orcen Hiiupo CJlnloiie .out fnc
K.B.llSll.
unapidlcatlnn
Adilrep.,
OdVS in.
II HANSON.
JUit rurttand.
u, jounAf.
ii w JlintlAN
JORDAN BROTHERS.
DKALKRS IN
HARNESS, SADDLES,
Saddlery Hardware
KTC RTC, ktc,
State Street (nt arly uppmlte ration'. Illitcli) Salem.
A Good assortment of Concord
Stage and Buggy Harness.
IIUI'IM'MM Ilo t Ol'tlt'l'.
ITT" Repairing promptly attended lo, and a (.fa
era! ii.ortment of Farm barne.a kept com tamly
on hand, c.r made to oiler on .hurl notice.
rtT" Hating remored ffinr, our old Hand ou Com
mercial Street tcftliu pUco formerly Mcupled ly
Sam'l Kray ou Hlato Street, we reipecttully folic It
a further ahare of public patronage. Recommendation-
Our Work. Aprs If
fEHIVO AND I.KIOKSTKIISIIIRE
HJL
HUKKV. bred hy
itin.t m.iiti.
Halera, Ort.-on, Auf, I, '71.
E
CHINA NIT Oil.,
COAI. Oil.,
HAW AND IHlll.Kt) OIL,
TOOLS, Ac,, Ac
JOHN HUGHES.
r, at. ranxciTKu. r. I. nAncocK,
PA1U1BNTSR it BABOOOX,
Coin mere I n I Ulock
CABINET MAKERS!
AND llKALKltS IN
Domoslio nnd Ofllco
FURNITURE,
UpholBtery,
Paperhanging,
MATTRASSI'S,
Tuclcor'o Patent and Spiral
Spring Bods.
Coffins and Caskets
Made to nrder at limit notice, and nil ri-a.oiiahlo
term'. NnMl If.
rilANK A. COOS,
BOOKBINDER.
A1II
Iilmik Hook Miiiiufactiiroi',
kam-m, oiii:o..
-Jmli II A VINO r.STAIILISIIKn A
rt'l'lM Flrpl l'Li Ilimkhlnilerv In Salem.
ftjivW l utiw pri pared In itinill manner ol
MhMHbI' nmk kiinnii tii llrtt trade
'IllUHXlllex, Net Mtuer mill .tlllalc,
lliiuinl lu any ili.lnil l)le
oltl II n ok. rr-bouml.
III.AKK IIOOKH, nf titryili-irlpllon.wlth
or without printed liiadliiR., inauufactiind to dr.
iter.
III.ANK), nf evtry kind, rulitl and printed to
order
I If- I'lllt'ttN IIKANON.tllMt. OlI
III tlray'a llliK'k, Klate atritt. Sljl7-tt.
L. 8. 8COTT,
Ntulo mtrrcl, tint door lo (i, IV. Uray,
..UKAIail in ...
Groceries and Provisions,
Tobacco and Cigars.
Foreign and Domestic Fruits,
FARMERS' PRODUCE,
CROCKERY,
Glassware A 8toneware
HaUm.Jnlyao, 1670.
Willamette Nursery,
: -w. vrjuutxMm & oo
osu'kuo t)iti:tioN.
G ROWKRH OK TIIK t.llOlfKST VAKIhTIKS
r of
Fruit Trees - 8hrubbery
I'artlrnlar attention clvru to CIIRRRY AND
I'Ll'M TIIKKH.
I'er.nn. Inli ndlnj; !' pnrrlia.e Treea ditrini; th.
iriwin of WI-. ahoultl call and enamlneiour tock
which la the
Largest and Boot in tho State
T Send for Catalogue., dlilrlbuled Kralla.
Nonll-tf.
FOR SALE.
AMITIIKL WAOON. V INfll-NKARLV
new, haloj; lit.cn nwd m llyhl nork but una
pca.on,
Al.ii. a pn nl HARM IIOllHI'S with IlirriM.
Inqnlreat tho r.MtMKil OKHL'K.
aa&2la7iarta'fi'BaBaaBaflBaBlllHs