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About Eugene register-guard. (Eugene, Or.) 1930-1983 | View Entire Issue (April 8, 1963)
Paf 4A EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD, Monday, April 8, IMS 50 Years Ago Today, President Wilson Urged Lower Tariffs 0 I EDITOR'S NOTE A half century ago today, President Woodrow Wilson spoke to Congress on the tariff and touched off a remarkable pe riod of legislative activity. days that have left their mark on the nation. Among the 63rd Congress' landmarks: the first major low ering of the tariff wall in 50 years and the graduated income tax: creation of the Federal Re serve banking system; the Clay ton anti-trust acts; establish ment of the Federal Trade Com mission. In scope the program was matched only by the pulsating "hundred days" of Franklin D. Roosevelt's first months in of fice. Wilson didn't originate the programs. They had been build ing for more than a decade, their roots running deep in such soil as Populism, the Progressive movement and the crusading sector of the press. They re flected the rising unrest of those who felt the American dream was more than boom and bust, privileged monopoly and social evil. Although the Democrats con trolled Congress in 1913, Wilson like President Kennedy today faced the problem of a majority party deeply divided on many fundamental issues. Wilson was able to call on a well-spring of public support for the restoration program he pre sented. The day after his inaugura tion, so-called Wilson Demo crats captured control of the party's Senate caucus and set about to weaken the seniority system which would have placed many committees in the gardless of seniority. through the ppess conferences he had inaugurated shortly after taking office. But most of his problems with bis first Congress were with his own party, and could be more easily solved. Wilson claimed no credit for his major legislative achieve ments. The tariff and currency measures won, he said, "because the people demanded them and Congress knew it." But as another student of gov ernment, James MacGregor Burns wrote in his recent book "The Deadlock of Democracy," Wilson's "management of Con gress during 1913 and 1914 stilt stands as the classic model of how a strong president drives his program through Congress." hands of conservative Demo crats unfriendly to the Wilson program. In a few short days, the Wil son Democrats: Split the Finance Commit tee in two and arranged that both new committees would have enough members favorable generally to Wilson's programs to ensure passage. Denied Pitchfork Ben Till han, 65, the chairmanship of the Appropriations Committee, to which he was entitled by sen iority, on grounds that he was too old and too ailing to do the job justice. Adopted as party policy the right of committees to choose their own chairmen, re Elected John Worth Kern, an Indiana Democrat with only two years seniority, majority floor leader. The revolt was short lived. Kern was defeated in 1916 and the Senate went back to its old ways. It hasn't strayed far since. Wilson didn't doubt that his was the national voice even though he had won little more than 40 per cent of the popular vote in 1912. He set about im mediately to present his pro gram and see it through to vic tory, using every weapon he could find persuasion, pres sure or patronage. When protectionists launched a major campaign against tariff cuts, Wilson took the offensive By LARRY OSIUS or Iht AuocUted Preii WASHINGTON There. 50 years ago today, stood Woodrow Wilson, the lean, lantern-jawed college professor turned presi dent, urging Congress to get started on his "New Freedom" program. Not since John Adams in 1797 had an American presi dent addressed Congress. Wilson took barely 10 min utes to sketch his tariff reduc tion proposals. But that speech touched off 567 legislative C l t M ''r- . (AP Wlrephoto) President Kennedy shakes hands with another Sunday tourist during a tour q j of the Antietam Battlefield. The girls, ajUnClclV unidentified, chatted with the Chief Executive during the tour of the battle rwi site where the North and South fought 1 OUT more than 100 years ago. The Presi '" dent flew by helicopter from Camp , , David to Sharnsburg, Md., and returned the same way. Yukon Pilot Returns Home SAN FRANCISCO (DPI) Ralph Flores, 42, who survived seven weeks in the freezing wilder ncss north of British Columbia, arrived to a warm family wel come Sunday at San Frdncisco International Airport. - The pilot, who shared Ills 48 rlay ordeal with Helen Klaben, Brooklyn, N.Y., said "I'm very happy to be back. I want to thank ail the people for their concern ... for they prayers." But Flores would not talk about how he and Miss Klaben, 21, managed to survive on a meager supply of food and some toothpaste. ' The silence was on the orders of his agent, Waldo Marra, who said Flores and Miss Klaben have sold their story tn na tional magazine, the Saturday Evening Post. Flores and his wife were met at the airport by their tlx chil dren, Mrs. Flores mother, other ln-lawa and t group of cousins. He and Miss Klaben crashed In their light plane in Yukon Territory Feb. 4. Flores, who flew hers from I Salt Lake City, was on crutches and his left foot, injured by frostbite, was in bandages. His home is in nearby San Bruno. Emergency Plumbing Service Emergency service truck on cat) at all times any where In the Eugene area Pa tt ait and most com plete plumbing service In the River Road area. Ask os abont "DEMAND RATED" Rheam water hemtera for Ufeloag, de pandafale service. 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