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About Eugene register-guard. (Eugene, Or.) 1930-1983 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 6, 1963)
Page 8A EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD, Sunday, Jan. 6, 1963 United Nations Still Far By LYNN HEINZERLING Of the Associated Press NEW YORK Despite its progress last week the United Nations is still far from its ultimate objective of unifying the Congo and forcing Moise Tshombe to surrender a share of Katanga's rich copper proceeds. Tshombe's 18,000-man army never was a very impressive military body without its white officers. But Tshombe's fast footwork and boldness are factors of great dimensions. He obviously is prepared to go to great lengths to preserve at least a major share of the $40 million a year paid into his treasury by Union Miniere du Haut Katanga. His white officers and troops, many of them fanatic in action can still create serious difficulties for U.N. forces in guerrilla fighting or scorched earth operations. Tshombe's apparent willingness to negotiate with the Cen tral Government of Premier Cyrille Adoula, under certain con ditions, is no promise of settlement. Tshombe's record of the past two years is a series of negotiations and repudiated agree ments. Tshombe may be delaying things in the hope that the Protests, Anger of Austerity Is Password in TUNIS The fiery presi dent who led Tunisia to free dom is making it clear that even a plot against his life is not going to deter the aus terity program he has charted for the country. The United States is bet ting on Habib Bourguiba to pull through. Discovery last month of the plot against him underlined the bitterness and dissatisfac tion that Tunisia's economic situation has brought about. But Bourguiba and his min isters quickly served notice , i , . . '"''""SeA I WiWMtvWt " jJIrrfL. iTw ' uV v " SICILY ,. . pp-fpfv vWTDT 7borlt A ' J- ! ! C"iimtli. y-Jr TUNIS -f : PANTIUtttlA ' Souk tr J . j$f . i ' m,,i,V " . Tbt,,.f . S "10" Algeria! ""l S' TUNIS! aV . ' " .yEvore "H'i I . . " 1 J ".A 1 - J LIBYA ; o - "iqo jtaiuti. Mais Qktdqmtt . '; i' J-j , British Farming Faces Adjustment By GODI ftEY ANDERSON Of the Associated Press LONDON If Britain enters the European Common Market British agriculture must adjust almost overniRht from low prices plus farmer subsidies to high prices protected by tariffs and variable levies. Britain says it is ready to do that. The questions holding up negotiations arc: How and when? Britain says the change-over must be gradual so as not to hurt farmers or force a catastrophic leap in food prices. The six Common Market members France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg soy no extension of their own transition period (running till 1970) can bo permitted. Britain must obey the rules from tho moment of joining. Be sides, say tho six, British agriculture is moro advanced than that of the continent, so no special treatment is culled for. Tho market's system bans tho protective subsidies paid to British producers. Instead, If offers duties and levies so as to raise internal market prices to levels high enough to be judged profitable to farmers. The Common Market system is somewhat similar to that in the United States. The governments support prices through purchases when necessary and control imports so they cannot undermine home prices. In all six countries subsidies exist in one form or another on certain products. These guaranteed prices must disappear by Jan. 1, 1970. In France the price of all grains and wines is guaranteed. West Germany has indirect subsidies for grains by means of transport bonuses. Italy pays similar transport bonuses on fruit and vegetables destined for export. Belgium subsidizes milk, and also fruij and vegetables in some regions. The Dutch subsidize milk and butter. Britain, an off-shore island with a traditional cheap fond policy, allows free imports and lets home prices drop to world levels. Then the government gives farmers a cash subsidy called a deficiency payment to make up the difference be tween average market prices and a mutually agreed target price. Take the example of grains: The six want the minimum price laid down by the Common Market to be automatically applied in Britain. This could add more than 30 per cent to the market price of wheat and flour in Britain. It could also send up feed grains and thus affect livestock and poultry. When the transition period ends in 1970 a uniform price for vheat will be set up by the enlarged community; What will it be? The French level of about $98 per ton or the German average of $126, highest in Western Europe? The price control program in the common agricultural market aims at gradual price harmonization so that the six farming systems will operate as one Integrated market by 1970. Foodstuffs too plentiful or too scarce in one member country will be sent flowing to another. What is not needed will be channeled to the rest of the world under close controls. The six know their market cannot be fully effective until they have achieved price harmony among themselves. Their reluctance to make concessions to Britain is probably based on the fear that their own delicately balanced structure might break down if such a big new member got advantages they do not themselves enjoy. t xwauaKatr: No Avail that belt tightening is the only way out for Tunisia regardless of protests and anger. His ruling New-Destour parly answered with a roar ing pledge of support, from the northern port of Tabarka to the southern oases of Tc zeur and Gafsa. "My conscience is calm be cause the entire people has expressed indignation," Bour guiba declared. Western diplomats agree that grave problems and dif ficulties remain and that no : ... . United Nations' precarious finances will force the Congo opera tion to suspend in failure. Tshombe and his tough minister of interior, Godefroid Munongo, are fighting for a good deal more than the money provided by Union Miniere in royalties, taxes and dividends. The concession of Union Miniere to exploit Katanga's mineral deposits expires in 1990. Under the agreement all the mines and mining equipment used by Union Miniere in Ka tanga would go to the Central Government of the Congo at that time. aatJ3ssBi3!m3rWMt 1 A Spotlight amount of public rallies and pledges can dispel them in the near future. The plot, according to offi cials, was hatched by a hand ful of disgruntled officers and civilians removed from power. Supporters of Bourguiba's bit ter enemy, the late Salah Ben Youssef, were blamed for the thwarted conspiracy. From Bourguiba down, offi cials minimized the extent of the conspiracy although they stressed its gravity. At the same time, official press organs admitted the existence of dissatisfaction among the people 3,700,000 Tunisians with a per capita income of less than $100 a year. Western embassies are fol lowing step by step the after math of the plot and the ba rometer of Bourguiba's popu larity. American diplomats say any overthrow of the Bour guiba regime could easily plunge Tunisia into chaos and jeopardize the country's sta- . bility. Bourguiba's star among the Tunisian people began to dim after the bloody effort to oust the French from the Bi zerte base in July, 1961. The French smashed the Tunisian blockade, killing an estimated Passionate Public 'Spiegel' May Reshape BONN, Germany A lot of things can happen when a German editor goes to jail on suspicion of treason. His main target, the de fense minister, is driven out of office . . . Chancellor Kon rad Adenauer is forced to re organize his government ... and the editor's publication, Dor Spiegel, enjoys a wave of popular support, with its cir culation rising from 500,000 to more than 700,000. These arc fruits so far of the "Spiegel Affair" which has cut a broad stroke across German affairs since October and thrown into controversy many questions involving free dom of the press and the way justice is administered in postwar Germany. Two executives of the news magazine Spiegel (Mirror) are still in jail for investiga tion. They are Rudolf Aug stein, publisher of the weekly, and one of his editors, Hans Schmclz. Federal court officials say it will take at least two more months to determine whether "they or any of eight other persons detained in the case should be brought to trial. The other eight five Spie gel staffers, a colonel of the intelligence service, a colonel in the defense ministry and a businessman were released after spending from a few days to nearly two months behind bars. None, however, has been officially cleared. The suspicion of treason centers on an article picturing West German armed forces as in sad shape and generally discrediting Defense Minister Franz-Josef Strauss. The mag azine had long been attacking Strauss, a fact prompting im mediate suspicion that he was behind the government action against the publication. Public indignotion over the Spiegel arrests was the most severe outburst in the Bonn Republic's 13-year history. It toppled Adenauer's govern ment and forced him to drop Strauss in forming a new cabinet. Adenauer has steadfastly defended the government ac tion against the Spiegel. He soys that neither press free dom nor the nation's legal system has been in danger at any time. He suggested the whole uproar could have been avoided had the press used more restraint. Most editors appear to have adopted a wait-and-see atti tude. One editor of a large metropolitan newspaper said privately, however, he felt that freedom of the press had By ANDREW BOROWIEC Of the Associated Preis Tunisia 3,500 persons, only to agree the the principle of evacua tion a year later. But Tunisia's trade with France its main supplier and buyer began to waiver and the country groped for an other solution. Since Tunisia had depended on France for the past 70 years, the going was tough. Departures of Frenchmen and French capital caused more hardship for the people. With the approval of Amer ican economists and the help of American money, Tunisia launched a three-year devel opment plan. Austerity has become the password for the country and its people. Olive oil the staple cook ing ingredient began to run short. Tunisia needed to ex port it to get foreign currency. Lines of ragged people wait ed patiently in front of stores in the capital's sprawling Me dina. From the interior came reports of unrest. The plotters apparently at tempted to exploit this ten sion and misery. But accord ing to all available indications, they had no substitute pro gram. Said one Western diplomat: "At the best, it would be a change of regime. At the worst, it could mean the end of Tunisia." Reaction been seriously threatened. "I believe it is only due to the violent and passionate re action of the public that things did not get worse," he added. This seems generally to be the man-in-the-street opinion. Prof. C. F. von Wcizsaeck cr, dean of philosophy at Hamburg University, says tho question whether it was politically and morally right to accuse the Spiegel of trea son is one of the most im D o ) . . ':ff. . t - y ' -"'" Hi. .::;.' . ; Jk 1 - -1- Mk t I i i I i. .j, ' i livr i ' r--- '-t-'- . ! : ill From Unifying the Congo They were signed over in the concession to the Belgian, colonial government in Leopoldville, now the Central Gov ernment of the Congo not to Katanga province. ' If Tshombe could make his secession stick, Katanga might come into possession of these immensely wealthy properties. The copper deposits in Katanga will last well into the next century. " Union Miniere produces nearly a tenth of the world's copper and most of its cobalt and germanium. The company also pro duced uranium in large quantities after the war. Little has been heard of Interior Minister Munongo since the newest hostilities in Katanga began. He is a man who will not give up lightly and who has repeatedly stiffened Tshombe in his resistance. Munongo is a grandson of Chief M'Siri of the Bayeke tribe and a very strong tribal leader. Chief M'Siri, long dead, was a tough warrior remembered chiefly for the large numbers of Congolese he sold into slavery during the Arab slave trading days. Premier Adoula apparently has been able to assure his Central Government at least three more months of power by 4 r - t VJr .--V-'-' - ' ' in. e ' 1 , . , " , - Va ' ' . s r , , i Joao Goulart German Law Codes portant domestic policial and legal problems of 1963. He told the newspaper Welt am Sonntag that the govern ment still was trying to keep the public in the dark about the action end observed: "The fact that public indig nation about this serious government error led to a government crisis seems in my opinion to be the most hopeful event in the history of German democracy." Carlo Schmid, a leading rJ5M) By JOHN O. KOEHLER Of the Associated Press ' socialist politician and vice president of parliament, says the Spiegel Affair shows that the German people are not a "nation of cringing subjects." According to reliable re ports, the justice ministry al ready is working on a revised code of criminal procedure. The Spiegel Affair especial ly spotlighted the fact that German law permits the jail ing of suspects for long per iods without public hearings or without charges. I I N EUGENE., an Unusual and Exciting Store that can Transform YOUR Blueprints into a Home Designed to Delight YOU. If you ore planning a new home ond would like a fresh new approach to the decorating of its interior, call on Rubenstein's. Wherever you live in the Willamette Valley, or Oregon, come in and browse through the Northwest's most beautiful furni ture displays. Discover for yourself why so many of the most beautiful homes in Oregon have interiors designed and fur nished by Rubenstein's of Eugene. For further information call Jessie Drew, N.S.I.D., Director of our Studio of Interior Design. prolonging parliament for that and perhaps more to reacn a seiuemem wuu Adoula's government has been under heavy pressure from a mixed opposition group, including followers of the late Patrice Lumumba, because of his failure to liquidate the Katanga problem and put the Congo on an even keel. If Adoula should fail altogether there would be great danger that the Congo would return to the chaotic conditions of 1960. Nothing could suit the Soviet bloc better. , Once expelled from the Congo by Army Commander Joseph Mobutu, the Russians and their Eastern European allies have now returned to Leopoldville. The Russians have taken a seven story apartment building for headquarters and apparently hope to resume the infiltration interrupted by Mobutu. Mobutu is still commander of the army and is still counted a friend of the West ' The Congo is an unusually sensitive part of Africa because it borders on white-ruled Angola and Northern Rhodesia extremely receptive fields for Communist intrigue. The Congo also has borders with Rwanda and Burundi, Tanganyika, Uganda, Sudan, the Central African Republic ana the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville). 'Weapon' for Goulart? Brazilians to Vote On Referendum By FRANK BRUTTO Of tbe Associated Press RIO DE JANEIRO In a referendum Monday Brazilians are expected to give President Joao Goulart the weapon he says he needs to save the country from drowning in red ink. The referendum, being held on the day of the Feast of the Wise Men, will decide how the government is to be run. All indications point to a return to a strong presidency, similar to that in the United States. The voters are expected to end a system called parlia mentarianism, which curbs the president's authority. This has been in effect since September, 1961. When the mercurial Janio Quadros suddenly resigned from the presidency, the office went to vice president "Jango1' Gou lart. Parliament, fearing the left ist reputation of the young onetime protege of Dictator Gctulio Vargas, passed an act stripping the presidency of much of its power and divid ing -authority. Since then, Brazil has suf fered profound political and economic crisis. It has been marked at its peaks by mili tary intervention and strikes. Inflation has increased the cost of living nearly 60 per cent in the past year. Since May 1961 the value of the cruzeiro, Brazil's mone tary unit, has dropped radical ly in relation to the dollar. In May 1961 it took 200 cru zeiros to buy a dollar's worth of imports. Now it takes about 850. Foreign investments have plunged. Finance Minister Miguel Calmon says they dropped to $62 million in 1962 from $266 million in 1961. This was largely be cause of a law restricting how EIGHTH AND OLIVE EUGENE, OREGON PHONE D1 3-1621 period. He may need all of it much money foreign investors could send abroad. The nation's deficit has snowballed. Hitting people closer home, black beans and rice have al most disappeared from nor mal markets. Adults and chil dren have stood in line for hours to get rationad amounts of these dietary staples; regu lar sources of supply dried up because of the uncertain financial situation. Through all this Goulart has said he lacked the au thority to act on social and economic reforms. He pro poses a three-year plan to ex pand the economy. He would hold price in creases in 1963 to half those of 1962. He seeks to over come an unfavorable balance , of trade, but go on importing essential materials and equip ment Goulart, 44, is a wealthy man but popularly known like his late mentor Getulio Vargas as a friend of labor. Laboring people were largely responsible for making him vice president. Signs and posters urge the voters to oust parliamen tarianism, the system which rightly or wrongly has been blamed for Brazil's woes of , the past 17 months. One of the few voices raised in defense of parliamentarian ism was that of a Christian Democrat leader, Jose Ali verti, from the state of Guana bara. "How," he asked, "can the president pick a whole cabi net (which he will do under ' presidcntialism) if he can't pick a man capable of being prime minister?" Many Brazilians associate the food queues with parlia mentarism, and figure that the presidential system is bound to be better.
