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About Eugene register-guard. (Eugene, Or.) 1930-1983 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 29, 1962)
Page 6B EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD, Thurs., Nov. 29, 1962 Italian 'Capitalism' a Mixed Economy With State Involved in Almost Every Field Air Merger Veto Dims Hopes on Like Proposal By EUGENE LEVIN Of the Associated Frill ROME The citizen1! break fast included fruit marketed by the state. As he ate, he glanced through hia morning newspaper owned by a state firm. He dressed in a suit made of cloth from a state-owned mill. The car he drove to work , was constructed in a state plant. At the office, he used a telephone provided by a state company. He lit a state cigar ette with a state match. On his way home, he pur chased gasoline at a stale owned filling station, had a drink at a state bar and dined in a state restaurant. At borne, he switched on lights using stato power. He took Ice from a refrigerator built hy a state company. Then he settled down to watch television with only two state-operated channels to choose from. Next day he left on a busi ness trip, planned by a state controlled tourist agency. He traveled on state-owned trains, planes and ships, and stayed at a state hotel. He was an Italian, living in "capitalist" Italy today. . He was not confined to us ing only state products. In some cases he could have turned to services and goods provided by priva'te firms. But hia choice demonstrated that July more than any other Western country has a mixed economy in which the state is actively participating In almost every phase of in dustrial and business activity. Now the state is taking over another field electric power. A bill nationalizing power is in the last stages of parliamentary consideration. About 25 per cent of Italy's electrical output already is produced by state-controlled companies. Nationaliza tion consolidates these com panies and private industries under a tingle state agency. The power nationalization represents another step for ward in state industry started by Benito Mussolini: In 1933 he set up the Instl- Pair Subpoenaed PORTLAND tUPD Postal in spectors laid Thursday two per sons have been subpoenaed to appear before a federal grand jury here Dec. 13 in connection with land sales promotions at Lake Valley, 20 miles south of Burns. An inspector said the subpoenas were part of a new interest by the postal depart ment into sales of desert type land in the West. tute per la Reconstruzione Industrial (Institute for In dustrial Reconstruction) as a depression emergency meas ure. It took over industrial stockholdings from ' banks, enabling the banks to shed shares that were rapiUy los ing value. In the postwar struggle for recovery, the Institute be came a way of Italian eco nomic life, a super holding company with a book value of $2.25 billion. Its industries are worth much more than this. , The Institute controls other holding companies. These in turn, control other firms. Somei'jiies the Inititutt has 100 per cent ownership, aa it does in the big Alfa Romeo automobile plant. Sometimes it doesn't, For example, the Institute holds 80.8 per cent ' of the alack in the Finslder holding company. Finsider In turn holds 61.2 per cent of the stock in the Dalmine metal firms. It is hard to figure the government interest in com panies down the line, but gov ernment control extends over a wider area than the actual value of state shareholdings indicate.' . Private equity in Institute firms has been estimated at 40 per cent. Institute companies employ 871,000 persons. It-controls four-fifths . of j shipbuilding capacity. It turns out 53 per cent of Italy's steel and 85 per cent of its pig iron, IRI controls the biggest banks. Institute lirms mike parts for missiles, household appli ances, heavy machinery, opti- ' cal goods, textiles, 'trucks, ra dar, machine topis, and doz ens pf other products. IRI also controls the State radio television network, Italy's biggest shipping companies and the Alitalia Airline. The Institute is not the only big state , holding com pany. In recent years it has been overshadowed In growth by the Enta Naiionale Idro- carburi, bunt Dy tne dynamic Enrico Mattel, who died in a plane crash in October, This National Hydrocarbon Au thority started as an oil mo. nopoly. Now it controls syn thetic rubber plants, a news paper, motels, restaurants, bars and tanker fleets. Italy's major railways are state-owned and operated by a separate authority. All to bacco products are made or imported by the state for tale in authorized shops. And the state-approved to bacco shops handle another state monopoly as a sideline salt. By ROGER LANE or the Associated Press NEW YORK Preliminary government rejection of plans for a merger of American and Eastern airlines cast a shadow Wednesday over similar ideas of other financially ailing transpor tation companies. For example, it may set back prospects for a long-discussed get-together of Transworld Air lines and Pan American World Airways, a proposal yet to be formally hatched. The adverse recommendation Wednesday by a Civil Aeronaut ics Board examiner in the American-Eastern case could also have an effect for merger minded railroads by strengthen ing the hand of opponents of such consolidations. However, a different agency the Interstate Commerce Com mission sits in judgment on railroad merger petitions, and railroadmen contend parallels between the two forms of trans port are not close. In recent years, the ICC has looked kindly on railroad unions, and has given prelim inary or final blessing to a long string of them since 1957. One important point: The American-Eastern case is not fi nally decided. The next step is for formal arguments before the full CAB, then submission of briefs and after that a decisive ruling. There has been a ferment of merger talk lately within the industry, at one time or another involving almost all of the 11 trunk carriers, but no specific plans have jelled. Presumably, smooth sailing for American and Eastern would have signalled a rash of other formal proposals for de fensive reasons, if for no other. In his recommendation, Ex aminer Ralph L. Wiser laid heavy stress on what he saw as monopolistic tendencies of the American-Eastern plan, which would create the world's biggest airline. American now ranks second and Eastern fourth in size among domestic trunk airlines. United Air Lines, merged last year with near-bankrupt Capital Airlines, is the biggest. Between them, American and Eastern haul about 35 per cent of the nation's long distance air passengers, excluding overseas traffic. Wiser's monopoly findings are likely to be injected by oppon ents of rail mergers into several major proceedings pending be fore the ICC. They also paralleled argu ments advanced by rival air lines against the American-Eastern proposal. Wiser gave short shrift to con tentions of American and East ern that merger was the only answer to airline industry fi nancial distress evidenced by Itrunkline deficits that totaled $34.6 million in 1961, but which probably will be a small frac tion of that this year. The examiner said deficits were not due to excessive com petition, lather to a switch since 1958 to speedy and costly jet liners, and failure of traffic to build up anywhere near to their greatly enlarged passenger carrying capacity. American and Eastern wit nesses had estimated savings from merger at $50 million a year through elimination of equipment and other duplica tions, and said a combined op eration would head off future necessary capital expenditures of another $75 million. Health' Service Back's Ban on Watch Sales WASHINGTON fOPD The U.S. Public Health Service says the New York fitv han nn thA of radium dial pocket watches just maKcs good sense. A PHS spokesman said the action of the citv's health An. partment this week "is consis tent with the widely accepted position of scientists everywhere that anv radiation that ran hp avoided should be avoided." Botched Job AREZZO, Italy W) A pair of thieves broke into a jewelry store and made off in a fancy sports car with $16,000 worth of merchandise, but they botched the job. Police found the car with most of the loot abandoned. EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD, Thurs., Nov. 29, 1962 Page 7B Marketing Tips Published To Help Woodland Owners Helps for the small woodland owner in marketing timber downed in recent storms may be found in a new circular now availablo from county extension offices and Oregon State University. Called "Marketing Woodland Products," the circular is valu able to anyone who is going to be moving timber to market now or in the months ahead, says Gary Sander, forest pro ducts marketing specialist at OSU. Small woodland owners mav lose money if they sell their trees when they don't know what they have to sell nor the best market outlets, continues Sander. The bulletin will help evalu ate a fair price for timber, sug gests methods of determining markets, and reminds of extra help available from county ex tension agents and farm forest ers. Copies of the circular may be had on request at county exten sion offices or by writing the OSU bulletin clerk, Corvallis. Ad Executive Dies NEW YORK (U?0 Roy Sarlea Durstine, 75, a founder of the advertising agency Batten, Bar ton, Durstine & Osborn Inc., died Wednesday. FRESH! TASTY! Marshmalloiv Treats Busy Baker. Pink, White, Toasted, Lemon, Orange. Snack-time treat. 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