et-uatft
Below Olympus
Pages From Our Past
AN INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER
ALTON F. BAKER, Publisher, 1927-1961
ALTON F. BAKER JR.
Editor and Publisher
EDWIN M. BAKER
General Manager
RICHARD A. BAKER
Managing Editor-
ROBERT B. FRAZIER
Associate Editor
A. H. CURREY
Associate Editor
The Register-Guard's policy is the complete and
impartial publication in its news pages of all
news and statements on news. On this page, the
editor of the Register-Guard offer their opinions
on events of the day and matters of importance
to the community, endeavoring to be candid but
fair and helpful in the development of construc
tive community policy. A newspaper is a
CITIZEN OF ITS COMMUNITY.
Published every evening and Sunday morning
by the Guard Publishing Co.
8A
EUGENE, OREGON, WEDNESDAY, NOV. 21, 1962
Will We Be Beaten at Our Own Game?
;, Now, in Moscow, Premier Khrushchev
has served notice that he intends to get
his country moving ahead economically
at a better rate. And he may be just the
guy that can do it.
' Those who recall President John F.
Kennedy's first major speeches after his
election in 1960 can see exceptional sig
nificance now in the fact that Khru
ghchev is following Kennedy's lead in at
tempting to spur national productivity.
It would be a delusion to think, even for
an instant, that Khrushchev is reorganiz
ing industrial and agricultural systems
n the USSR simply to provide a higher
itandard of living for Soviet citizens.
I Khrushchev has recognized, pragmat
ically, that the struggle for world -leadership
will more likely be won by the
(ystem which can prove itself the best
producer of the sinews of war. Military
0se of these sinews may never come,
rideed, such use may never be neces
sary if, in cold war demonstrations,
either the tJ.S. or the USSR can prove
capabilities the other would be foolhardy
to challenge.
The USSR and its Communist allies
carried out a scries of dramatically suc
cessful economic bluffs during the 1950s.
For a time, they had such nations as
India, Egypt even Great Britain be
lieving that they could give them im
portant economic assistance, or at least
extraordinarily good trade deals. China,
of course, was materially aided by the
Soviet Union in these years. But, slowly,
more and more nations peeked carefully
Into the horn of plenty which Moscow
brandished, and they saw how it had
been carefully packed to appear brimful
when, in reality, it was shockingly empty
deep inside.
. In Berlin, in the Congo, in China,
India, Poland, Hungary, and a dozen
other places, the falsity of Communists'
economic pledges and boastings became
more and more apparent.
Now Khrushchev has recognized that
bluffing and big talk is no longer worth
the effort. Realist that he is, the Soviet
premier is accepting the dictum that
deeds speak louder. He knows that un
less he really does get his country mov
ing ahead more rapidly, the Communist
system will never win the world through
cold war techniques. And, that all-out
war would be a gamble of sheer despera
tion, with no chance of winning through
deceit and bluffing.
President Kennedy called Khrushchev
in the Cuban showdown, and the So
viet leader chose not to reveal his
hole card. Instead, he tossed in his hand
and called for a new deal. Khrushchev
hopes that reshuffling the Soviet econ
omy will let him develop a pat hand. He
will draw new cards as often as he thinks
he can, and he'll meanwhile be watchful
of the cards held by the U.S. and other
nations of the Free World.
There is a striking parallel between
the course Khrushchev has set for the
USSR and that which President Kennedy
has urged the U.S. to pursue in its own
national interest. Obviously, the Soviet
premier is in much better position to
exert leadership upon which the destiny
of his nation, and the world, will depend.
Accordingly, it remains to be seen if the
U.S. people will recognize the challenge
their President warned them of two
years ago.
By our own free will, Americans
can assure that Khrushchev does not
beat us at the game he now freely
admits he has been learning from our
past examples. We can and we must
if we wish to retain free will for our
selves and see it acquired by the people
of other nations perhaps, someday,
even the citizens of the USSR.
Jn the Middle
' The world is not all lined up, red and
white. National self-interest still plays
the most important role. The rule is,
"My enemy's friend is my enemy, my
enemy's enemy my friend." That's Paki
stan's problem right now. Its enemy has
friends that Pakistan once regarded as
its friends. ''
Pakistan and India have maintained
a nervous cold war of their own, each
looking suspiciously at the disputed
Kashmir. Pakistan has also been a valu
able ally of the West, holding member
ship in both SEATO and CENTO. But,
anti-Communist as it has been, Pakistan
lias regarded the Communist threat as
the lesser threat. The real one has been
India.
Now India is in a shooting war with
Red China. The United States and Great
Britain, Pakistan's allies all these years,
are supporting India, which is more than
India ever did for them. This angers
Pakistan, which regards arms shipments
to India as arms shipments that might
someday be used in the Kashmir,
against Pakistan. Pakistan regards the
American and British attitude as one of
ingratitude toward Pakistan. There is
talk of an "agonizing reappraisal" of
Pakistan's position, and some suggestion
that the nation might be happier among
the neutrals.
The truth, of course, is that Ameri
can and British aid to India should not
be regarded as a suggestion of hostility
toward Pakistan. The aid is going to
India for quite another reason. And, in
the long run, Pakistan might be mindful
of who will be next if the Red Chinese
do complete their "historic mission" in
India.
Savings Insurance
In 1933, as one of a series of moves
to restore public confidence in our na
tional banking system, the Federal De
posit Insurance Corp. was created. This
agency provided the mechanism through
which individual bank accounts could be
insured, up to a maximum of $5,000.
Now it is being suggested that the
FDIC maximum be raised to J25.000 on
each account. Currently, the maximum is
$10,000, the same as it has been since
1950.
If, as Washington authorities say, the
new federal deposit insurance ceiling
could be established without increasing
premium rates to banks and without
stretching FDIC's reserves to the peril
point, the proposed change seems en
tirely sensible. So does a companion
proposal that the Federal Savings and
Loan Insurance Corp. be permitted to
boost its insurance on savings and loan
association accounts.
The present $10,000 insurance ceil
ings have prompted many savers to split
their deposits among two or more
banks andor thrift associations simply
to be sure of maximum insurance cover
age. Corporations, lodges, labor organi
zations and other big savers, accordingly,
sometimes have flocks of different sav
ings accounts.
It would promote efficiency in our
savings systems, generally, if the next
Congress were to authorize the proposed
deposit insurance increases by both the
FDIC and the FSLIC. Furthermore, it
might encourage greater use of bank and
savings and loan association thrift ac
counts. This, in turn, could make more
money available for productive use in
our national economy at slightly reduced
loan rates. With more of our earnings
put back to work creating new earnings,
new jobs, additional impetus for our
national economic growth might be
promoted.
Brewing Trouble?
Word from behind the Iron Curtain
is that citizens of Soviet Russia and Po
land are paying 30 to 60 times as much
for a pound of tea as it costs their gov
ernments to import the stuff. Russians
and Poles are confirmed tea drinkers.
Accordingly, their governments should
consider carefully the end results pos
sible in this situation.
Colonial Americans were confirmed
tea drinkers, too. They, too, were re
quired to pay heavy tribute on their tea.
It wasn't long before their addiction to
reasonably priced tea proved stronger
than their tolerance of government highhandedness.
Boulders Rafted by Ice
(niZffltiffSesWl,unhiaprG: """"""
"It's the annual 'Recruiting of Engineers by American Indus
try for Jobs After Graduation' in other words, 'ain't you
glad you didn't major in the humanities?' , ."
By KENNETH L. HOLMES
Professor of History
- ' Llofleld College
We have received a copy of a
new book published by Bin
fords & Mort in Portland and
entitled "Scenic Geology of the
Pacific Northwest," written by
Leonard C. Ekman, professor
of geology at Wenatchee Val
ley College in Washington. Al
though one might aim criticism
at the book, mainly that some
of the prose is purplish and
some adjectives tend to be over
worked, Ekman's book is sure
to be of interest and value espe
cially for the general public of
our area.
A section of "Scenic Geology
of the Pacific Northwest" with
the engagingly simple title,
"Erratics," caught my eye, and
that is what I would like to
write about today.
The erratics referred to are
not people, but boulders., Pro
fessor Ekman tells us that they
are to be found in many places
in the Northwest. They are
boulders, large and small, that
seem completely out of place in
the location where they lie. He
tells of one made of granite
just off U. S. Highway 97 in the
Okanogan Valley in Washing
ton. It was delivered to that lo
cation by an ancient glacier
thousands of years ago. .
"Suppose," he writes, "that
this large rock was once a part
of a cliff overlooking a broad
expanse of ice creeping slowly
down the valley below. Water
could have penetrated the
cracks which separated the jock
from the parent granite. Then,
when cold weather came, the
water would have turned to ice.
Frozen water expands, and,
though it may not seem possi
ble, large rocks are actually
moved when a considerable
amount of water in the crevices
around them freezes. This
boulder was no doubt freed in
such "a manner. Suddenly it
rumbled down the valley slope,
the roar echoing in the icy air.
Down the hill it sped to meet
In The
Editor's J
Mailbag
'Perhaps the Answer'
EUGENE (To the Editor)
For years Democrats have had
to take it from the press. Will
you deny, in print, Mr. Editor,
that the press has been 65 to 75
per cent pro-Republican for the
past half century? The fact is,
the Democrats still "get it."
Tune in Dan Smoot some Sun
day afternoon, any Sunday af
ternoon, and hear the President
of the United States malicious
ly maligned. Please check, oc
casionally, the attitude of our
state's largest paper, the Ore
gonian. You will find that this
"Independent Republican news
paper" is anything but gentle
in its treatment of the liberal
party. Did not you, yourself, Mr.
Editor and member of the press,
heartily support the candidacy
of Mr. Nixon in 1960?
Fortunately, Democratic pol
iticians understand the political
facts of life. If you can't take
it, public life is not the place
for you.
Now, Mr. Nixon could dish it
out (Truman and Stevenson
were traitors, remember?), but
if there ever was a classic ex
ample of one who could Rive
it but could not take, Mr. Nixon
is it. What is really surprising
is that so many supporters of
this man are just as thin
skinned. What a hue and cry!
What an effeminate, whimp
ering, head on chest attitude of
hurt! Such whining of "How
could you!" My, my. All of you
could take a lesson from the
life of that great lady who
"took it" for decades with
equanimity and grace, Mrs.
Eleanor Roosevelt.
But perhaps the answer to
all this anguish is that the
truth is sometimes painful.
ROBIN It. HOLMBERG
20 Clearvue St.
License Trouble
SPRINGFIELD (To the Edi
tor) Now that the election is
over and 1963 dog license will
soon be due, 1 wish to talk about
the dog control laws.
My husband was arrested,
fingerprinted, and photo
graphed for failure to buy a dog
license for a 10 year old, half
blind Chihuahua dog, that is
kept at all times in the house or
car; and not allowed to leave
our fenced yard. We are being
taken to court over this deal,
and I don't know what ails two
lawyers. I called one, and one I
talked to in person and paid a
fee. But all they would do was
quote the dog law, that says
only seeing eye dogs, breeders
and show dogs are exempt from
buying license.
We know there are hundreds
of little dogs in Lane County
that are pets and taken care of
that do not have license nor
have they ever had, and still we
are being brought into court by
the dog control board for not
obtaining a dog license. We
bought dog license for the last
16 years, and half of that time
for 2 dogs. Now, what is the
matter with the dog control
laws that some dogs are al
lowed to run over flowers and
lawns and atill we don't get
paid for it as sheep men do for
killed animals. We, the small
dog owner, pays for that too
why let this go on, come on
folks, let me hear from you.
MISS. ARNOLD MEYER
1026 Fairview Drive
( EDITOR'S NOTE: Mr. Meyer
was arrested hy the Lane Coun
ty Sheriff's Office on a Lane
District Court warrant charging
failure to procure a dog license.
The warrant was filed in court
by the county dog control offi
cer. Sheriff Harry Marlowe
said it is "standard procedure"
to fingerprint and photograph
all persons arrested by the de
partment and brought to head
quarters. Meyer posted $25
bail and was released. His wife,
appearing in his behalf in Lane
District Court, pleaded guilty
and was fined $5 and assessed
$5 court costs). ,
David Lawrence
'Law of Land' Legal Fallacy
y y
MtJ ,
Lawrence
WASHINGTON The use of
troops at the University of Mis
sissippi has cost the federal
government more than $2 mil
lion. This figure has just been
revealed by the
General Ac
counting Office
in a communi
cation to Sen.
A. Willis Rob
ertson, Demo
crat of Virginia,
who is chair
man of the Sen
ate Banking
and Currency
Committee.
The figure covers only the
extra cost of transportation and
other expenses that would not
otherwise have been incurred
for the federal troops, and in
cludes all costs resulting from
the calling of the National
Guard into federal service. It
docs not take into account as
yet any of the expenses of the
U.S. marshals, the FBI and oth
er divisions of the Department
of Justice. The expenses have
been tabulated up to Nov. 1.
State's Obligation
The total expense, including
the mobilization of 34,000
troops in Mississippi and adja
cent states, may eventually
reach at least $4 million, accord
ing to unofficial estimates.
There are federal troops as well
as U.S. marshals still on duty
in the vicinity of the University
of Mississippi.
Just what legal function these
troops are performing today is
not clear. The court order has
been complied with, inasmuch
as James Meredith has been en
rolled in the university. It now
is the obligation of the State
of Mississippi and of the local
authorities to maintain order.
There is no federal law or court
decision which gives the Presi
dent the right to use the armed
services merely to await a con
tingency in which a state may
fail or be unable to protect the
residents of a state against vio
lence. Right to Refuse
If every riot or disturbance
growing out of a debate or dis
pute over a federal court de
cision were to be policed by the
federal government, the states
would Le deprived of their right
to do their own policing. In
deed, there is a spirited contro
versy as to whether the Missis
sippi State Police who were on
duty at the time of the riot on
the university campus were
actually prevented from main
taining order by the action of
the armed U.S. marshals, who
were later joined by federal
troops. This probably will be
argued out someday when the
State of Mississippi files in
court its claim for $340,000
Peter Edson
Red-Infested Countries
Learning the Hard Way
Edson
WASHINGTON (NEA)
Nations, like individuals, have
to learn the simple facts of
life the hard way. This is by
experience.
This homily
is being cited
i n diplomatic
circles with ref
erence to those
nations that now
find themselves
in deep troubles
caused by Com-'
m u n i s t s and
communism.
For instance
India, Cuba,
Venezuela, Cey
lon, Algeria. They haven't prof
ited from the mistakes of others
that have gone down the same
tortuous trails before.
Only a select few have been
able to figure out the right an
swers for themselves West
Germany, the Philippines, Ma
laya, Turkey. Several more have
done it with outside help
South Korea, South Viet Nam,
(ireece, Nationalist China, Gua
temala. Some nations seem to be in
the process of learning, but
haven't made much progress
United Arab Republic. Yugo
slavia, Laos, Iraq, Indonesia,
Brazil and numerous others.
From these several classifi
cations it is easy to see what
the lesson is they all have to
learn. It is simply that com
munism doesn't work in the long
run. It may score temporary suc
cesses, as in Russia, devil's ad
vocate for this system.
All the lecturing, all the
friendly advice, all the diplo
matic coaching by experts, all
the foreign aid, technical assist
ance, all the money in the free
world in loans or grants, all
the words in any or all lan
guages don't seem to put this
message across. Each nation
must learn this lesson for itself,
hy trial and error, as little
Guinea has most recently shown.
A new nation's leaders who
get the gleam of Communist
propaganda in their eyes can
not be prevented from seeing
visions. They lead their people
down paths toward an imagin
ary peaceful co-existence. Or
they follow an equally danger
ous line of political neutralism,
thinking they can be friends
with both Communist and free
world governments.' It simply
doesn't work.
India is, of course, the No.
1 example of a young nation
that thought it could sweetly
reason with the Red Chinese
neighbor on the north. India ap
parently did not maintain even
the most rudimentary intellig
ence surveillance on its north
ern frontier. Not having taken
part in the Korean fighting, In
dia never learned how hard the
Red Chinese hordes can wage
war. So India got clobbered,
learning its lesson the hard way.
At one time Venezuela's Ro
mulo Bctancourt was considered
a great leftist sympathizer and
even a Communist collaborator.
Returning to his country from
exile after the Perez-Jiminez
dictatorship was overthrown,
Betancourt became president.
Bctancourt is learning now,
the hard way, that most of his
troubles, sabotage of his coun
try's oil fields and violent revo
lutionary uprisings have come
from the Communists. Betan
court holds Castro Cubans re
sponsible. Wherever .the Red opposition
comes from, the Venezuelans
are learning that it is impossible
to compromise with communism.
Castro himself, who thought
he could get everything he want
ed for Cuba and for alt Latin
America from the Communists,
is now finding out what a false
friend the Soviet Union can be
when the Russians find it ad
vantageous to go back on their
word.
Ceylon, a member of the
British Commonwealth which
should know better, is now cm
harked on an economic program
of nationalism, socialism and co
operation with the Communist
bloc that can lead only to bank
ruptcy. Ceylon's only hope for
the future is in developing more
trade with the free world. Still
Ceylon votes for admission of
Red China to the United Na
tions. Even Brazil is flirting with the
Communist bloc at a dangerous
ly increasing rate. Only after
Russian missile bases were dis
covered on Cuba did the Brazil
ians support a boycott.
Even so, a Brazilian official
has proposed bringing Castro
Cuba back into the Organization
of American States.
In the refrain of the ballad
now so popular. "When will they
learn? When will they learn?"
properly damage sustained by
the university.
The contention will be made
by the state that the use of
federal troops to put down a
local riot was a violation of the
Constitution and was not sanc
tioned by any law of Congress
or by any court decision. In
fact, the troops and armed mar
shals were ordered into action
before the full Supreme Court
of the United States had passed
upon an appeal from a U. S.
Circuit Court of Appeals de
cision that Meredith must be
admitted to the university. A
citizen has the right to refuse
to comply with a court order
or decision and to take the risk
of a conviction for contempt
and then imprisonment. But he
also has the right to petition for
an appeal all the way up to the
Supreme Court of the United
States.
It is often contended that Su
preme Court decisions are "the
law of the land," but the de
cisions of the highest federal
court actually are only "the law
of the case." Many cases differ
from one another in facts and
circumstances. John C. Satter
field, who served as president
of the American Bar Assn. un
til last summer, dwelt on this
very point in a speech before
the national convention of the
American Legion shortly after
the Mississippi incident. He is
one of the lawyers recently
called in by the Stale of Mis
sissippi. He said:
"There is one legal fallacy
against which we should be on
guard when we consider others
with whom we may disagree.
That is the fallacy widely dis
seminated during the past few
years that a decision of a court
is 'the law of the land.' I have
the greatest respect for our
courts the Supreme Court of
the United States and our feder
al and state courts and yet
court decisions are not, never
have been and never will be
'the law of the land.'
"Court decisions are 'the law
of the case.' Nevertheless, on
every hand you hear the saying
that a decision of the Supreme
Court of the United States is
'the law of the land' and must
be obeyed by everyone, whether
he or she was a party to a par
ticular case or not.
The Other Side
"Courts are not governed by
predilections and desires. They
are governed by facts which
appear in the records. Other
cases decided upon other rec
ords between other parties and
under different circumstances
are only persuasive precedents
until they are overruled. Until
overruled, they may be differ
entiated by differing facts and
differing elements."
From the other side of the
fence a spokesman for the
U.S. Department of Justice
comes a comment that indicates
that even a law cannot accom
plish very much in the face of
the adverse sentiment of a com
munity. Deputy Atty. Gen.
Nicholas Katzenbach made a
speech last Sunday before the
first Human Rights College Con
ference for the students of New
York City, held at Cooper Un
ion. He had dealt with the
Mississippi controversy at first
hand for the Department of
Justice. He said in his speech:
"I think we have to reckon
with the fact that the gulf ex
ists because the Supreme
Court decision cannot remake
educational systems or the
habits of a community all at
once. The court doesn't run the
schools. It can't. The court
can't even formulate specific
plans for gradually bringing
about integration in a commu
nity. ...
"Now, the difficulty here is
that the law loses its power
when there's too wide a gulf
between the result which the
law may reach and widespread
social attitudes."
(Copvricht. New York
Herald Tribune, Inc.)
the ice lying In wait to recelv
it. Its final resting place was
now to be decided by the power
of the moving ice. How long the
ice carried its burden it is hard
to say. When the ice melted
would have been the time the
boulder settled into the soft
. earth to become a lonely land
mark for the cattlemen of to
day." Other glacial erratics are
found across Northern Wash
ington wherever ice sheets
probed south out of Canada
long ago. In the Puget Sound
trough erratics are common.
There are some at Tenino 650
feet above sea level.
A special problem is posed
by the thousands of erratics in
the Willamette Valley. I have
a farmer friend near McMinn
ville who has a pile to which
he adds when he plows each
year. I have heard that in th
early days the farmers built
fires near the granite boulders
so that they would fragment
into grit for their chickens. We
have one fine large granite
boulder right on the Linfield
campus. The giant of all er
ratics in the Willamette Valley
is just off Highway 18 between
McMinnville and Sheridan at
Erratic Rock State Park. It is
a great slab of slate lying on
its side high above the valley
floor and giving a magnificant
view of the Willamette Valley.
How did these great rocks
get to the Willamette Valley?
It is a different story than for
their fellow-travelers farther
north in Washington. It is
thought that when the ice sheet
melted, great icebergs broke
away and floated down the Co
lumbia in what has been called
the Spokane flood. In winter
the river froze over at several
places with ice dams blocking
its flow. This caused water to
back up into the adjacent val-'
leys, even the valley of the Wil
lamette. The icebergs carried
boulders of rock from Northern
Washington and Southern Cana
da embedded in them. They
rafted these boulders into the
temporary inland seas caused
by the ice dams across the Co
lumbia. The icebergs with their
cargo of boulders drifted to the
shores, and there the ice melted,
dropping its load. The follow
ing spring the water receded
and the erratic travelers from
the land to the north have
stayed as permanent settlers.
Thoughts
But he turned and said to
Peter, Get behind me, Satan!
You are a hindrance to me; for
you are not on the side of God,
but of men. Matthew 16:23.
Let a man be but in earnest
in praying against a temptation
as the tempter is in pressing it,
and he needs not proceed by a
surer measure. Bishop South.
Thou didst trample the sea
with thy horse, the surging of
mighty waters. Habakkuk 3:15.
There is a God! The sky His
presence shares,
His hand upheaves the billowi
in their mirth,
Destroys the mighty, yet the
humble spares
And with contentment crowns
the thought of worth.
Charlotte Cushman.
Carmichael
REWlEMB&R HOW
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