Tit tCxx EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD, Wed., Not. 14, 1903
i Ask Andy
Vanished Seas Left Salt in Earth
Andy tends a complete 20
eolume $et of the World Book
Encyclopedia to Marjorie K.
Palmer, age 12, of Ephrata,
Wn for her question:
How Did Salt Form In
The Earth?
The sally minerals are al
ways ready to dissolve in water.
When rains fall and streams
rush over the ground, the soft
chemical salts join the watery
parade and sweep along down
to the seas. This has been going
on since the first rains fell upon
the new-made earth. Most of the
salt dumped into the sea re
mains there, bu( through the
ages some has been returned to
the dry land and buried in vast
layers deep below the surface.
The ore in a salt mine is
called halite and most of it is
the chemical solium chloride
alias table salt. Halite is a rath
er soft mineral about twice as
heavy as water. It is brittle and
it tends to crack apart in cube
shapes. In pure form, halite is
clear as glass but it is almost
always colored with impurities.
Halite deposits may be dirty
or muddy brown. They may be
red, yellow or deep violet. Al
most always the basic salt is
mixed with gypsum, calcium and
other minerals found in the
salty sea. In a California desert
there is a crusty layer of salt
on the surface ground. In New
York State, Michigan and other
places the deposits are buried
more than half a mile below
the surface.
Some of the buried deposits
are half a mile thick and in
North America there is a deeply
buried layer of halite covering
100,000 square miles. Halite is
a soft mineral and pressure
from rocks above and around it
tend to shove it out of shape.
Along the Gulf Coast there are
round salt domes which geolo
gists think have been pushed
from a salty layer one to three
miles below.
All these buried mountains
of salt have been toted from the
land to the sea and back again
to the land. Since the earth be
gan the rains have been dissolv
ing the salty chemicals in the
soil and dumping them into the
sea. Time after time the seas
have invaded the land and re
treated. Salty lakes and la
goons were left to evaporate
and, when the water dried up,
the salty chemicals were left be
hind in sedimentary layers of
halite rocks. The salt mines of
Michigan, we are told, were
formed when a shallow sea
stood over some 100,000 square
To Your Good Health
Al-Anon Helps Families of Alcoholics
By DR. JOSEPH G. MOLNER
Dear Doctor Molner: In re
gard to your letter from
"M. S." about an alcoholic
daughter, those of us in the
Al-Anon Family Group know
that "trying everything" as
'M. S." says, only aggravates
the situation. But we realize
that when wo admit we are
powerless over the alcoholic,
we CAN do much to help
OURSELVES.
"M. S." as a relative of an
alcoholic, is eligible to attend
Al-Anon meetings. Either call
the local Alcoholic Anon
ymous chapter for informa
tion, or write to P.O. Box 182,
Madison Square Station, New
York 10, N.Y. Mrs. J. R.
I have mentioned Al-Anon be
fore in this column, and certain
ly will again. It merits the high
est respect.
If you want to think of it
this way, the alcoholic may per
haps have the right to ruin his
own lifo if he so desires al
though as a member of the hu
man race, I wonder whether any
person really has the right to
destroy the good that resides in
anyone, including himself or
herself.
In any event, when an alco
holic harms not only himself
but makes life miserable for
those near to him, and these
others are terribly and continu
ally hurt through no fault o
their own, this is where Al
Annn comes in.
Al-Anon is made up of people
who are not alcoholics them.
selves but are relatives. The
group is closely affiliated with
Alcoholics Anonymous.
Al-Anon pool their knowledge
and experience. They counsel
each other concerning things
they can do to help and things
that prove to be a total waste
of time, such as "trying every
thing" when the alcoholic still
refuses to do anything for him
self. Dear Doctor Molner: Is it
worthwhile to sell home and
belongings, and leave friends,
to move to Arizona to relieve
arthritis, rheumatism, etc.? Is
it possible that no one living
there suffers from such an
illness? II so, surely hundreds
of people would more there.
K. F.
No, don't make such a drastic
change without knowing what it
will do for you if anything.
For some, the hot, dry climate
is helpful. But others discover
that they were just as comfort
able at home. Therefore don't
move without a trial visit of
adequate duration, to find out
whether substantial benefit ex
ists for YOU.
Dear Doctor Molner: I am
a 20-year-old girl and my hair
Is thinning on top. It Is dry
but I wash it twice a week and
wet it under the shower every
night to set it in rollers.
Could that cause thinning?
Louise P.
Frequent washing and night
ly wetting of dry hair remove
even more of the oils that com
bat "dryness."
"Dry" hair is brittle. It breaks
off close to the roots. This docs
not damage the roots: the hair
will grow in again. But if it is
destined to break off again, the
hair will still appear "thin."
Better take some precautions
not to let the hair become so
dry.
miles of our central and east
ern states. The water evaporat
ed some 300 million years ago,
leaving its chemicals behind.
Here, as in other places, the
salty sediments were later cov
ered by layers of newer rocks.
Where the halite is near the
surface it is a simple matter to
dig mine shafts and tote the ore
to the surface to be purified.
Where the deposits are deep or
difficult to reach, the mineral is
extracted with drills and pumps.
The salt dissolves readily when
steaming watcr is pumped down
into the halite deposits. The
briny mixture is brought up to
the surface and treated to ex
tract the pure salt and other
minerals.
Andy send a Hammond's
Library World Atlas to Ray
Pfefferkorn, age 12, of Phoe
nix, Ariz., for his question:
Why Are There No Fossils
In Igneous Rocks?
Igneous rocks are formed
deep in the earth's crust where
conditions are hot enough to
melt granite and other sturdy
rocks we find on the cool sur
face. They well out as molten
lava, which is melted rock.
Lava is hot enough to burn
bones and bodies and even
sturdy tree trunks to ashes.
Whole forests have been burned
to ashes by rivers of molten
lava.
Fossils are trees and bones
which have been preserved in
more gentle layers of sedimen
tary rocks. These layers are
beds of silty mud and other
minerals which have dried and
hardened with time. Fossil re
mains embedded in these ma
terials are often preserved. Fos
sil remains touched by fire
formed igneous rocks were
burned to cinders.
1,100 Miles of It
Tough Turks Guard NATO's Flank
WASHINGTON Turkey's
last frontier station in the Cau
casus foothills facing Soviet
Russia displays this sign: "We
Turks are proud of our freedom,
and we are ready to die for our
freedom."
Geographically, what Turkey's
28,000,000 people are willing to
die for is a westernized republic
slightly larger than Texas.
Theirs is a land of big sky and
wide open spaces, of Isolated
villages and farms.
The vast central plateau,
though exposed to extremes of
heat and cold and drought, is
one of the world's great wheat
granaries. The storage elevators
stand as tall as those in Kansas.
Two Metropolises
There are only two sizable
cities in Turkey. Istanbul, over
looking the pale-blue Bosporus,
has a metropolitan-area popula
tion of almost two million. An
knr, made to order as capital
of the republic formed in 1923,
has mushroomed from a dusty
hilltop town which was said to
be as dark at night as the inside
of a camel into a neon-bright
city with more than 1,300,000
area residents.
The Arabian Nights atmos
phere has all but vanished from
Turkey, yet a distinctive flavor
lingers. In Istanbul, some 450
mosques point their minarets at
the sky. And where else could
one expect to find a confection
so titillating to the palate as to
be called "The Iman Fainted?"
Though the fez has been out
lawed since 1023, many men
wear Western-style caps turned
to the back so they can touch
foreheads to ground while pray
ing to Mecca five times a day.
Most Turks are Moslems.
The Turkish race originally
sprang from tribesm?n of the
Asian steppes. Now Turks gen
erally have a swarthy, liquid
eyed Mediterranean look, but
there are blond Turks and titian
Turks. Atalurk separated church
and state; replaced old laws
with modern European codes;
gave women political and social
rights; abolished polygamy and
harems; prescribed Western
dress for men; substituted the
Latin alphabet for Arabic char
acters; set up a nationwide sys
tem of compulsory education.
The changeabout did not, of
course, turn Turkey into Utopia.
Not being blessed with abun
dant water, minerals, or oil,
this farming nation has a diffi
cult time making ends meet.
The main exports are wheat,
cotton, tobacco, fruits, poppy
seeds, and meerschaum. I'cr
capita income is less than $200
a year.
Guards Right Flank
The site of the controversial
missile bases, Turkey guards
the right flank of the North At
lantic Treaty nations. It spends
up to half of its annual budget
for defense. Its army is the
largest in the Moslem world,
communism is illegal.
Turkey, which occupies the
peninsula of Asia Minor and ex
tends onto European soil, is ex
posed to the Communist threat
for 1,000 miles. The rectangular
country touches Bulgaria at its
northwest corner, faces the So
viet Union across the Black Sea,
and shares with it a 350-mile
land border.
The Turks are noted for their
physical toughness and tenacity.
They have withstood various
threats from Russian soil for
400 years. When war broke out
in Korea, 30,000 Turks volun
teered for the first contingent
of 1,800 destined for service
with United Nations forces
there. General MacArthur called
Turkish U.N. fighters "the
bravest of the brave."
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