Eugene register-guard., September 21, 1962, Image 12

IMI CUMft7 MMC HMMMI
AN INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER
ALTON F. BAKER, Publijher, 1927-1961
ALTON F. BAKER JR.
Editor and Publisher
EDWIN M. BAKER
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RICHARD A. BAKER
Managing Editor
ROBERT B. FRAZIER
Associate Editor
A. H. CURREY
Associate Editor
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Published every evening and Sunday morning
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12A
EUGENE, OREGON, FRIDAY, SEPT. 21, 1962
A Fateful Week in American History
The week of Sept. 17 to 24, 1862, was before the proclamation could be made
one of the most dramatic and most fate- with force, the North needed a victory.
ful weeks in American history. It was
just 100 years ago that the Civil War
picked up its great moral force and that
we tackled a social problem that is still
being played out in Albany, Ga., Oxford,
Miss., and in the big cities of the North.
Abraham Lincoln was dispirited. It
had been a poor summer, with defeat
after defeat. The war was unpopular at
home. American prestige in the great
European capitals was at an all-time low.
Confederate diplomats were working to
gain recognition for their new republic.
It seemed likely, in the summer of 1862,
that the Confederacy would win the war,
with the economic and diplomatic help
of Great Britain and France.
Human slavery had been an issue in
the war from the first. But it was not a
clear-cut issue. Lincoln was unpopular
in many circles because of his repeated
assertions that he regarded the slavery
issue as less important than the preser
vation of the Union. He would, he often
said, leave slavery alone if thereby he
could preserve the Union. He would
free the slaves if that would work. He
would free some and not free others if
that would work.
However, he pointed out, a presiden
tial proclamation might not have much
force. If, he asked, he could not enforce
the Constitution in the southern states,
how could he enforce a mere proclama
tion? He compared the suggested procla
mation to "the Pope's bull against the
comet." He feared, too, that the procla
mation would be laughed at, regarded as
the desperate act of a desperate man in
charge of a desperate country.
The overwhelming argument was the
foreign ono. Slavery was unpopular in
Europe. If the American President
sought to free the slaves, then the force
of morality would be on the Union's side.
European governments, however moti
vated economically, would not dare ally
themselves with the idea of slavery. Yet,
On Sept. 17, the North got not a vic
tory, but at least a draw. And that was
better than the North was used to. It
came at Antietam Creek, near the vil
lage of Sharpsburg, Md. The Union's
McClellan with 70,000 troops met the,
Confederacy's Lee and Jackson with 50,
000. It was the bloodiest day yet in the
bloody war. Casualties were 13,000 on
each side. Lee fled southward, saving
his army. McClellan, ever timid, failed
to pursue him and inflict the fatal blow.
Stephen Vincent Benet in his great
epic poem "John Brown's Body" tells
the moving story of Lincoln's waiting for
news of the battle. Benet incorporates
into it the appeals of those who tell him
what "God's will" is. Lincoln notes that
God has often revealed His "will" to
others. He wonders why it has not been
revealed to him, the one with the awful
responsibilities of conducting the war.
With the news of Antietam, which at
first seemed a bigger victory than it was,
Lincoln felt he was in a position to pub
lish the proclamation he had scribbled
out earlier. He called the Cabinet to
gether on Sept. 22 and read a humorous
bit from his favorite humorist, Artemas
Ward. Then he read the proclamation.
It was published on the 24th. It freed
slaves, as of the next Jan. 1, in states
or parts of states that were in rebellion
against the federal government. (A copy
of the proclamation appears elsewhere
on this page.)
And that's how it was done, almost
in desperation. The Union gained re
spect around the world. Confederate
hopes of foreign support were damp
ened. The war could no longer be re
garded as just a domestic squabble. A
great humanitarian principle was now at
stake. More than 30 months of agonizing
war remained. But the big issues had
been joined, and, after that week of Sept.
17 to 24, the hopes of humanity rode
with the troops that sought to save the
union and insure human dignity.
ft ft ft ft ft ft
In Any Family
Eunice Kennedy Shriver, wife of the
Peace Corps director and sister of the
President, has performed a real serv
ice. In the Sept. 22 Saturday Evening
Tost she writes frankly about Rosemary
Kennedy, the missing member of the
family. The public has heretofore
known little about Rosemary, only that
she is in an institution.
Mrs. Shriver tells about Rosemary's
girlhood, about how she couldn't keep
up with an active, busy family and how,
reluctantly, the family decided that she
would be happier in an institution. She
also talks about the Joseph P, Kennedy,
Jr., Foundation, the first foundation in
the country dedicated to the mentally re
tarded. The value of Mrs. Shriver's article
is that it drives home an essential point
about mental retardation: It can happen
to any family. Here are the Kennedys,
rich, famous, active, smart, good looking,
charming all except one. With that one,
something went wrong before birth.
For too many years mental retarda
tion has been something that was whis
pered about. It was 'bought to bring
shame to other members of the family.
Slowly, in recent years, people have -v . urn
been taking a more sensible approach LOlllg Well
to it. Now it can be admitted, discussed.
Articles like Mrs. Shriver's will be of
great help in removing the stigma.
Tied Hands
Probably without realizing what they
are doing, some congressmen are follow
ing a course that would put the Presi
dent in an untenable position on Cuba.
In urging a harder line, they are trying
to draw up a set of exact rules, rules that
say exactly what the United States will
do under what circumstances.
Such a course would rob the Presi
dent of the diplomat's essential tool,
flexibility. To say that we would not
fight under certain circumstances is to
invite those" very circumstances. To say
flatly that we would go to war under cer
tain specific circumstances is to show
another nation just where the mine
fields are. In either case we invite trou
bles that we cannot handle.
In any war, hot or cold, just as in
any game of bridge or football, the op
ponent must be kept guessing. The Rus
sians certainly know this. They know it
so well that Winston Churchili once de
scribed Russia as "a riddle wrapped in
a mystery Inside an enigma."
The Russians know this so well.
We'd better learn it, too, or give up the
game.
Happy Man
A. Robert Smith, who writes from
Washington, wonders if Wayne Morse
will run against Sig Unander or Presi
dent Kennedy. Morse has said some
pretty rough things about the President
and other leaders of what is currently
the senator's own party.
The best guess is that the senator
will run against everybody. He's hap
piest that way, as a loner.
Married students have a tough time
in college, with the bills, often with the
children, with the pressures to get out
into society and a decent living. But they
do well.
This was pointed up again this week
as the Oregon Daily Emerald printed
the "house grades" for the university
spring term. Married women, as a group,
led all other campus groups, with a
grade point average of 3.002, or B. Mar
ried men, as a group, ranked third among
men's groups, with an average of 2.690.
Pressure, it appears, can be a good
thing.
The Emancipation Proclamation
WHEREAS, on the twenty-second day of September, in
the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty
two, a proclamation was issued by the President of the
United States, containing, among other things, the follow
ing, to wit:
That on the first day of January, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all
persons held as slaves within any State, or designated
part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in re
bellion against the United States, shall be then, thence
forward, and forever free; and the Executive Government
of the United States, including the military and naval
authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the free
dom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to
repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts
they may make for their actual freedom.
That the Executive will, on the first day of January
aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts
of States, if any, in which the people thereof respectively
shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and
the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on
that day be in good faith represented in the Congress
of the United States by members chosen thereto at
elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of
such State shall have participated, shall in the absence
of strong countervailing testimony be deemed conclusive
evidence that such State and the people thereof are not
then in rebellion against the United States.
Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the
United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as
Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United
States, in time of actual armed rebellion against the au
thority and government of the United States, and as a fit
and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion,
do, on this first day of January, in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and in accord
ance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for
the full period of 100 days from the day first above men
tioned, order and designate as the States and parts of
States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this
day in rebellion against the United States, the following,
to wit:
Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of
St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St Charles,
St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terre Bonne, La
fourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the
city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia
(except the forty-eight counties designated as West Vir
ginia, and also the counties of Berkeley, Accomac,
Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and
Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth),
and which excepted parts are for the present left pre
cisely as if this proclamation were not issued.
And by virtue of the power and for the purpose afore
said, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves
within said designated States and parts of States are, and
henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Gov
ernment of the United States, including the military and
naval authorities thereof, shall recognize and maintain the
freedom of said persons.
And I thereby enjoin upon the people so declared to
be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary
self-defense; and I recommend to them that, in all cases
where allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.
And I further declare and make known that such per
sons of suitable condition will be received into the armed
service of the United States to garrison forts, positions,
stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts
in said service.
And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of
justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military neces
sity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and
the gracious favor of Almighty God.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and
caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington, the first day of Janu
ary, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and sixty-three, and of the independence of the United
States of America the eighty-seventh.
By the President: ABRAHAM LINCOLN
WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.
Doris Fleeson
n.y. Demos In the Editor's Mailbag
Doing It
Hard Way
SYRACUSE, N.Y. The liv
ing was easy in Buffalo, where
Republicans were renominating
Gov. Nelson Rockefeller, but
New York state Democrats are
doing it the
hard way, right
un In th mn.
u ..... w. .r.
vention d e a d- y
line and even to
the election.
Democrats
arc fielding a
ticket of rela
tive unknowns
about whose
election poten
tial they can Fleoson
have only the sketchiest notion.
It is the end product of a party
which has pretty well rid itself
ot its old bosses, but which then
threw the baby political lead
ership out with the bath.
Reform Democrats communi
cated their anti-bossism, no
compromise spirit to their
champion, New York Mayor
Robert F. Wagner, who had
ridden his white horse to vic
tory at their head only a year
ago. The mayor also became ob
sessed with the thesis that plan
ning for the future was inher
ently bad. He dawdled right up
to the eve of the convention
when he, in effect, accepted the
dictation of a professional poll
taker. Weakness, Not Strength
A ticket has been put to
gether under compulsion of the
polltaker's numbers with the
aim of attracting as many blocs
of voters as possible. The desir
ability of a certain balance in
every New York ticket is al
ways recognized by both parties.
This year's Democratic slate
emphasizes, however, that the
party is drawing from weakness
and not strength. No "names"
developed in service with Wag
ner at City Hall, in the legisla
ture or in the Harriman admin
istration at Albany, which end
ed four years ago, seemed to be
available.
The usual political problem
Is that there arc big names who
all want to be chiefs. This is one
where they are all Indians, with
their ability to prove their right
to be chiefs subjected to an all
but impossible test.
They will be expected to
build an organization, collect
adequate financing and wage a
dynamic campaign over all of
this big state, which is only now
yielding to California its title to
first in population. They have
less than two months.
They confront amply fi
nanced, and generally rated
able and successful, Republi
cans in power in the state.
Grumpy and Defeatist
There are attractive candi
dates in the lot. They are cer
tainly the product of an un
bossed convention. It Is true
that some oldtimers, notably
Rep. Charles Rucklcy of the
Rronx, have probably managed
to sneak away with some judi
cial nominations under cover
of the general contusion. But
they took advantage of a situa
tion; they did not dominate it.
It now seems that the chance
ot a powerful Democratic show
ing against the Rockefcllcr-Jav-its
forces is not good. The con
vention has been grumpy and
defeatist.
Whether the New York Dem
ocrats can pull themselves to
gether and give their handi
capped candidates a sporting
chance remains to be seen. They
are making what seems now to
be a too fresh start, but the
stakes are huh. After all. in
only six years a Democratic
nomination for president will be
available.
Opvrtiht. !9z. h
t'nlted Feature Syndicate. Inc.
Thanks to Morse
WALDPORT (To the Editor)
I would like to take a few
moments to put into writing a
public "thank you" to Senator
Wayne L. Morse. Senator Morse
has on three different occasions
given aid to this family, within
a period of four years, while
we were in service. After seek
ing aid from various officials
and receiving none, I wrote to
Senator Morse in the hope that
he could advise or give me some
assistance. Without hesitation,
help was given, and when I
wrote to thank him, he thanked
me for writing him and said
that it was his job to help
others.
So, Senator Morse, although
my words are not the most elo
quent, please accept my sin
cerest "thank you." I thank the
Lord that we have you in the
United States Senate, for you
are a good American, a good
Orcgonian, and most of all a
fine human being. May God be
with you always and may He
keep you strong in your prin
ciples. I felt with the election coming
up I would inform others that
Senator Morse not only has the
good of the United States and
Oregon in mind, but also each
and every person who comes to
him with a problem. You can
rest assured he will do his best
to help. It is indeed very re
assuring to know that someone
cares enough to stretch out his
hand to assist another human
being.
I am sure that Senator Morse
has helped many individuals
and I wish they would join with
me and tell the rest of the
people of Oregon what a good
man Senator Morse is.
AUDREY E. CHRISTENSON
Box 89
More Tax Revenues!
EUGENE (To the Editor)
There have been two letters
published recently in the Register-Guard
criticizing a Univer
sity of Oregon sign indicating
that our dormitories are being
constructed "at no cost to the
taxpayers." The criticism point
ed out that the houses torn
down actually do result in a cost
to the taxpayers, because of the
loss of real estate taxes.
We made a study of the tax-
Carmichael
PRUCr VV1TH A
PECULIAR SIDE
EfFEC-T
BANKRUPTCY
Prescriptions
es paid in the area where our
dormitories known as Hamilton
Hall and Bean Hall are located.
This is the property bounded
on the west by Agate, on the.
south by 15th, on the east by
Moss, and the north by 13th
and 14th.
Based on the millage levy for
1961, a total of $8,101.17 in real
estate taxes was paid by prop
erty owners in this area.
The dormitories constructed
in the area will house 1,544 stu
dents, and as a result of this
increased population in Eugene,
the City of Eugene will receive
approximately $15,144.00 from
the state treasurer, or nearly
twice the amount lost in real
estate taxes.
The point is that students
are counted as residents when
annual special state funds are
distributed by the state treas
urer to the cities on a per capi
ta basis. The two funds involved
are the per capita distribution
of certain liquor and highway
revenues.
It would seem to me that this
would indicate that it is not
costing the taxpayers anything,
but actually more tax revenue
is coming into the city than was
lost by tearing down the houses,
to say nothing of the added
income from the students, prob
ably $3,750,000.00 a year!
J. O. LINDSTROM
Acting Dean of
Administration
Fluorides Tested
EUGENE (To the Editor)
Readers taking sides in the
fluoridation of water controver
sy may like to know the latest
results of controlled, large-scale
experiments being carried out
in Britain. Commencing 5 years
ago, fluoride has been contin
ually added to the water sup
ply of two large towns and one
country district; Watford (Eng
land), Kilmarnock, (Scotland)
and the isle of Anglesey,
(Wales). The amount added
raised the fluoride content to
1.0 parts per million. Control
studies were made in compar
able areas in which no fluoride
has been added to the water
supply.
The incidence of dental car
ies was registered for all chil
dren and expressed as an ave
rage: infected teeth per child.
The following table summarizes
the results.
Average Infected teeth per child
1955-5(1 1I
Ace of Before fluoride After 5 years
child added fluoridation
3 3 SO 1 29
4 5 39 2 .11
5 581 2.91
There has been a 5066 per
cent improvement since fluori
dation. The control areas showed
a 2-7 per cent improvement
only, in the same period.
Data published in Report No.
105. Minsitry of Health, Scottish
office, 1962.
GRAHAM HOYLE
Professor of Biology
University of Oregon
Pre-Dawn Musings
EUGENE (To the Editor)
No time to lose. Helluva mess
if Russia gets there first. Might
have to spend years blasting
'cm off. Ot course, this would be
great for progress logistics,
navigation, and a hundred oth
er fields. Tremendous chal
lenge. From there Venus?
Mars? Pluto? Enormous cost.
In time, energy, resources. Still
we might catch up to a couple
of colliding galaxies! What
grand progress!
Old Ulysses he had the idea.
"To follow fortune like a sink
ing star, beyond the utmost
bounds of human thought." L.
da Vinci would be proud of
us. Even the ancient Hindus
had a few ideas about it. (Those)
Russians, they'll be nuisance.
Suppose there'll be a- wall?
Wouldn't be so urgent without
the Russians.
Out there, time to think. Plan.
Plenty of time. Always wanted
more time. Pillow's awful hard
tonight. Didn't pay that insur
ance. We're way ahead now.
Soon, Venus. Sure will miss the
wife and kids. But the chal
lenge we're progressing fast
now.
Funny, those people on the
Indus they had an idea it
might be exciting out there. No
mosquitoes. Bad this year. Long
way to the dentist. Guess they
just didn't have the tools. Or
maybe it just didn't appeal to
them. No sense of progress. In
troverts. Like the tortoise.
"Know that, knowing which, all
else is known." What an atti
tude! Still would save a heap of
trouble. Ulysses he had the
idea. "I must drink life to the
lees." Aye, there's the rub the
lees.
ERIC COOPER
2380 Charnelton St.
Marcola Schools
MARCOLA (To the Editor)
I am writing to you in an effort
to clarify several points which
may be confusing to the read
ers, regarding your story (Sept.
18) concerning the joint meet
ing of the Springfield and Mar
cola school boards with the
county school superintendent,
Dale Parncll, last Monday night.
In the reorganization-planning
meeting, we passed a unanimous
resolution to release an informa
tion statement to the public,
but this should not be con
strued to mean that we were
casting a unanimous ballot for
the reorganization, itself. Since
I, myself, do not agree that the
merger is desirable at this
time, under the existing condi
tions, for Marcola students, I
feel that this one point should
be clearly understood.
Another statement in the
story quotes me as saying that
in the event the reorganization
is defeated, Marcola would have
to build a new school. My pro
posal was a recommendation
that a two or three-classroom
unit be built near the existing
high school building, planned
in such a way as to become the
first unit of a plant that might,
in future years, become a re
placement of the building now
in use.
By moving the 7th and 8th
grade classes to the high school
to form a combined junior-senior
high school operation, we
would immediately relieve
grade school crowding and im
prove the efficiency of Mo
hawk's operation.
Including the rising cost of
construction, the estimate has
been made that the addition to
the high school plant would
come to approximately the same
amount (S100.000.00) as the one
that was made to the grade
school 10 years ago. That debt
was paid off in 10 years at a
cost of seven mills a year, dur
ing a time when the district
valuation ran very close to the
amount it is now.
1.EO PASC1IELKE
Chairman
Marcola School Board
MEMBER OF
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
The. Associated Press la tnt't.ed
exclusively to the use tor repuoll
cation of all the local news printed
In this newspaper.
MEMBKH Or THE Al'Dll BUfEAIj
OF OKI -L'LATIONS
Services L'nlted Press International
WILLIAM VYASMANN, News Editor
DONN L. BOSHAM, City Editor
R(J (1. JOHNSON
Advertising Director
JARL FUGLE Circulation Manager
ROBERT K BERTSt'H Promotion
W B. JOHNSTON JR. Auditor
ARNE STROMalER Production
Roscoe Drummond
Formidable
Year Faces
U.N., U.S.
WASHINGTON Approxi
mately 10,000 decisions, affect
ing the state of the world for
good or ill, will be taken at
the United Nations during the
17th General
Assembly which
opened in New
York this week.
This arises
from the fact
that there are
nearly 100 items
.on the agenda
and 104 coun
tries with
eight to ten
n.nra ennit In ha
Drummond addedeach of
which must decide how it if
going to vote.
It is a formidable and mod
erately frightening prospect,
particularly since the U. N. has
been developing a tendency to
pass all kinds of resolutions
without the authority or the
responsibility to carry them
out. Last year, for example, the
U. N. with 100 non-nuclear pow
ers decisively passed one reso
lution advocating a total test
ban with inspection and another
resolution advocating a total
test ban without any inspection.
The Soviet Union blandly voted
for both.
Despite these vagaries, the
U. N. is a useful forum and a
good index of world opinion.
None of the great powers will
always find it an agreeable
forum, but it would be about as
meaningful to resign from the
United Nations as to resign from
the human race.
From the standpoint of the
United States and of the U. N.
itself the outlook for the As
sembly session now just begin
ning is quite favorable. Several
desirable actions are probable,
and there is reason to anticipate
increased support from the un
aligned nations for many West
ern positions. Here is the way
things look on the principal is
sues: ELECTION OF SECRETARY
GENERAL U Thant will al
most certainly be retained and
given an overwhelming vote of
confidence. He has widespread
backing in nearly every part
of the world and the Soviets
to whom he spoke candidly rnd
critically in Moscow only a few
weeks ago have voiced no op
position. They don't like him,
but there is little they can do
to oust him; they don't like any
secretary-general who isn't a
cipher. U Thant is no cipher; he
is a quiet-spoken, clear-spoken,
positive force. By its veto in
the Security Council, Moscow
could prevent the Assembly
from taking the word "acting"
from in front of his title, but
the Soviets could not prevent
the Assembly from retaining
him in the position of secretary
general. U Thant will continue
to act and that will be good.
FINANCIAL RESPONSIBIL
ITY It is imperative that the
finances of the U. N. be put on
a secure and equitable basis.
The $200-million U. N. bond is
sue is a repair operation only.
The first step toward solving
its weak finances was the ad
visory opinion of the World
Court holding that all U. N. spe
cial assessments, which the So
viet bloc, France, and some
others have refused to pay, are
binding on all members. The
next two necessary steps are for
the Assembly to adopt this ad
visory opinion and to establish
that any nation which is two
years in arrears in its U. N. ob
ligations automatically loses its
vote in the Assembly. This is the
penalty in the Charter. There is
ample precedent to make it ap
plicable simply by the presid
ing officer's refraining from
reading the names of any arrears-country
when a vote it
called for.
COLONIALISM There are
nine African territories, mostly
under the British, which are on
the way to independence. The
unresolved question is whether
enough members of the U. N.
have learned the lesson of the
Congo, a nation given inde
pendence without adequate
preparation, so that the U. N.
docs not create more Congos by
ill-considered pressure.
DISARMAMENT AND
SPACE The West seeks wide
cooperation in outer space; the
Soviet Union holds back. The
West favors complete and gen
eral disarmament with com
plete and general inspection.
The Soviets offer any kind of
disarmament as long as there is
no inspection of retained weap
ons. The U. N. hopes to break
the deadlock.
RED CHINA Red China-!
admission to the U. N. may not
even be proposed this year and,
if so, it is wholly unlikely to be
approved. For one thing, India,
with its northeast frontier being
violated every day by Chinese
troops, is not going to sponsor
a resolution to help Red China
into the U. N. If there is to be
any such resolution, the Soviet
Union will have to initiate it.
On this point, it is significant
that no Soviet-sponsored reso
lutions which the US. felt it
had to oppose has ever passed
the U. N. General Assembly.
fel, 192. New York Herald
Tribuoa lac