Page 10B EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD, Thun, Uaxth MS, 1802
A U.S. Commitment Deepens 8ses
Revealing
: Men, Arms
Help Diem
: Stop Reds
By DAVID L. BO WEN
Of the AuocUted Prut
With each passing week the
United States commitment in
South Viet Nam becomes deeper
in terms of equipment, men
and prestige.
There can be no turning back.
The remaining open questions:
How much additional Ameri
can force will be necessary to
thwart the Communist effort to
engulf South Vict Nam? Will
American GIs be required to
take over the fight themselves?
Up to the end of last month,
Uncle Sam had sent about 4,000
U.S. servicemen to South Vict
Nam. Their mission: to train the
troops of pro-Western Premier
Ngo Dinh Diem in counter
guerrilla warfare, increase their
mobility and sharpen Vietnam
ese battle skills.
Americans Scattered
This assignment has scattered
the Americans throughout the
country. U.S. military posts dot
South Viet Nam, most of them
inside Vietnamese military com
pounds. Reportedly U.S. Navy
minesweepers patrol the coast
line to assist in the interception
of Red junks.
All American servicemen are
under 'orders to shoot at the
Viet Cong only if the Viet Cong
shoots at them first. It is not
known how many have returned
fire, but from early last Decem
ber through Feb. 26 only one
GI died as a direct result of
Viet Cong activity. Twelve
others died in two plane
crashes, a hotel elevator acci
dent and an accidental hand
grenade explosion.
Several U.S. servicemen have
been wounded by sniper fire on
roads in Vict Cong-infested
areas and U.S. Army helicopters
carrying Vietnamese troops
often return to base with bullet
holes.
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No Easy Job
American authorities are
hopeful U.S. fighting men won't
be needed in the Vict Nam war
that the big boost in arms,
training a i d, transportation,
communications and other sup
port will enable the South
Vietnamese army to root out the
Communists by itself.
The job is not easy. The Viet
Cong are trained in Communist
North Viet Nam, and supplied
from there along the inland and
sea infiltration routes shown on
the accompanying map. Their
objective is to win over the
masses of Vietnamese peasants,
the farmers and rice growers.
They use terror, persuasion, or
both.
A raid on a village is designed
to show the peasant that his
government can't protect him.
The public execution of a vil
lage headman for "cooperating
with the government" discour
ages other officials from such
cooperation, and helps to negate
progress in the countryside.
Guerrilla strength has been
estimated at close to 20,000.
They have machine guns in
large supply and plenty of
shells, mines and grenades
some captured, some made In
jungle arms factories, some
shipped down from the north. ,
Called Dictator
While some vocal critics con
tend Diem is a dictator with no
real support among his people,
the United States government
has given him its full support.
A little more than a year ago
five paratroop battalions tried
to overthrow Diem, claiming
they wanted political reforms
that would strengthen the na
tion's fight against the Com
munists. Just last week two
South Vict Nam air force planes
bombed the presidential palace.
Diem has weathered all at
tacks. Ho answers his critics,
when he chooses to recognize
them at all, by saying that he
will grant total freedom when
the situiitlon permits it, but
to give it now beforo his coun
try is strong would hand the
Communists a prize opportunity
to destroy the republic itself.
South Vict Nam, as the re
mainder of Indochina, has a
long history of strife. The Viet
namese are a mixture of Indo
nesian and Chinese blood and
China administered the region
off and on for centuries in the
dim past. The country was
called Annam then. At the end
of the 18th century it was inde
pendent and included the entire
eastern coastline of Indochina.
By the end of the 19th century,
the French had established
themselves as protectors not
only of Annam (which was
broken Into smaller pieces) but
also neighboring Cambodia and
Laos.
Both borders and names were
overhauled again in 1954 at the
end of the Indochina war be
tween the French and Com
munist rebels. North Viet Nam
became a Chinese Communist
satellite state. South Viet Nam,
Cambodia and Laos were
granted precarious independ
ence.
In the last eight years the
main preoccupation of the West
has been to prevent Communist
expansion from North Viet Nam
into the remainder of the pen
insula, with something less than
complete success. Communists
have taken control of a large
chunk of Laos, they continue to
apply pressure on South Viet
Nam.
The outcome of one of the
biggest gambles taken by the
Kennedy administration hinges
on how the Communists react
to current American counter
measures in South Viet Nam.
Role for Brynner
TOKYO OB Yul Brynner, who
gained acting fame as king of
Siam, is to play an American
of Japanese descent. Producer
Harold Hecht says Brynner will
play a Nisei in "Ashiya," a post
war story with a theme of inter
racial conflict.
By GAYLORD P. GODWIN
Of the Uolted Press International
WASHINGTON The For
eign Agriculture Service has
noted signs that Red China's
1958 boast of a "great leap for
ward in agriculture" has been
followed by some quiet steps
backward.
FAS said Red China's agri
culture is being somewhat de
centralized, the rigors of the
commune system eased, and the
emphasis in government invest
ment shifted toward agriculture
and light industry after a long
attempt to develop heavy in
dustry. Buying on Credit
Two important facts broke
through China's blackout on eco
nomic information last year,
FAS said. First, China made
large cash purchases of food
grains from Australia and Can
ada. Second, it arranged for
credit to cover further ship
ments during the current fiscal
year.
This spring, some of these
food bills are coming due. And
the word has gone around, ac
cording to FAS, that the Chi
nese are anxious not only to
complete deliveries under earn
er deals but to make new food
agreements with Free World
countries.
The grain shipments, plus the
nature of payment procedures,
are evidence as to the urgency
of Chinas food needs and the
state of its agriculture, accord
ing to FAS.
Purchases Listed
From Australia, last year Chi
na bought for cash 43 million
bushels of wheat, 17 million
bushels of barley, and 4 million
bushels of oats all apparently
for shipment between January
and June.
This fiscal year (through Oc
tober) Australia has shipped
China 31 million bushels of
wheat on credit 10 per cent
down, 40 per cent in six months,
and the rest 12 months after
final shipment.
From Canada, China s cash
purchases last fisca1 year were
28 million bushels of wheat and
12 million bushels of barley,
shipped between January and
June. This fiscal year China
received a further 28 million
bushels of wheat and 17 million
bushels of barley on credit 25
per cent down and the rest in
nine months.
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