Washington Seen as L
Top Naval Strategist
Editor's Note: Every school boy next to t loan of money, a constant
Ii well versed la Washing-toa's ea. naVal superiority on these coasts
reer ai a great military leader is the most interesting . . .This
iano. bui unit u knowa about hi 1 superiority, with an aid of money.
talent at a naval leader. Here
are tome ( the reasons Washing,
ton ranks as a skilled naval strat
egist at hit day.
By BEM PRICE
would enable us to convert the war
into a vigorous offensive."
In this case, the proof was in the
pudding. Nathaniel Greene and tl.e
Count de Lafayette had by one
means and another forced Lord
WASHINGTON w George ' Cornwallia into camp at Yorktown,
Washington is bejinning to emerge - ,
in history as a first rate naval 'V' 8P,',riJ
itratcgist. j Washington, still encamped on
Oddly, historians by and large the Hudson. nnw had naval super
have ignored the fact that Wash- iori,y- T"' French fleet under
ington. a landlubber, anticipated Adm- Qrasse moved north out
the modern theories of sea power of the Wesl Inflies and int0 Chew
by over a hundred years. Pcake Bav to bottle UP tne British
Even more startling, though, by,sea
was Washington's original think- ashington moved as fast as he
ing. Rear Adm. Samuel Eliot Mori-1 couW xwthward and soon brought
son, naval historian, says he was almost lne whole Continental forces
the first man in 1,240 years tolto bear- A British relief neet was
have a clear grasp of the potenti-1 bea,en off in a "'range naval bat
alities of combined land-sea opera-1 lle in hlch Adm- Graves had ad
lions, j vantage tactically over the French
Further. Washington fnnnH : but failed to use it.-
what is now the American Navy! 0n M- I9- 178t' Cornwallis sur
on his own hook, without the au-' rend.'rl a"d the war was over,
thority of Concress I though Washington didn't believe
n.. u...i I " at the time.
w,chinM- r i , After Yorktown Washington wis
Washington of course, learned planning move on Charleston and
UaIZ harK Tvi" ritin8 "No land
were pounded home by the British I . a-.L,. i. :.
...... .. ... , , , I w vv van mi utiuntij uiucas 11 13
navy sometimes with round shot accompanied by su I
wuu fei ot, in MIC CIIU, illUUII, II
was his ise of combined opera
tions, employing the French fleet,
lhat ended the war at Yorktown.
Morison commented in an inter
view that without the naval super
iority provided by the French,
"The Revolution would have been
muffed out. Resistance would have
ceased gradually. The same thing
happened during the Civil War."
In brief, a blockade by the Brit
. . . . i oicmuiv iui well Ul
ish fleet would have s rangled the 1 sani years, Flcc and
Colonies into submission.
"While the British- never had an
actual overall war plan," said
Morison, "they did follow a gen
eral concept. That was to cut the
, Colonies in two along the Hudson
River line, to seize and occupy
strategic places along the coast
and to stay out of the interior,
where they were likely to get clob
bered by embattled farmers."
Strategy Lessons
Washington began learning his
lessons in naval strategy almost
as soon as he assumed command
of the rag tag Continental Army
before Boston on July 2, 1775.
So long as the British held Bos
ton with the sea at their backs, he
knew, nothing short of a frontal
assault could drive them out and
Washington's motley collection of
farmers, business men and mech
anics was in no shape to do that.
The first evidence of Washing
ton's growing awareness of the val
ue of sea power was contained in
letter to Gov. Nicholas Cooke of
Rhode Island, outlining his urgent
need of supplies and- prodding the
governor to send out raiders to
pluck off British supply ships.
Washington's commission as a
lieutenant general gave him juris
diction over land operations only
but he got around that by appoint
ing a ship's master, Nicholas
Broughton, a captain in the army,
and sending him to sea.
Continental Navy
On Oct. 5, 1775, Washington ad
vised Congress, "I have directed
three" vessels to be equipped in or
der to cut off the supplies of the
enemy." A month later Washington
bad a six-ship Continental Navy
sailing the seas under the Contin
ental Pine Tree flag.
The real turning point of the
American Revolution came on Feb.
6, 1778, when the French signed a
treaty of amity and alliance with
the Colonies.
While no mention was made in
the treaty of naval aid, you find
Washington writing in July of that
year to his friend, Lt. Gen. Count
rie Rochambeau, the French troop
commander:
"In any operation and under all
circumstances a decisive naval su
periority is to be considered as a
fundamental principle, and the ba
sis upon which every hope of suc
cess must ultimately depend."
Washington's continuing develop
ment was manifested again when
he wrote Rochambeau Feb. 15,
1781, ". . . It is in my opinion es
sential that there should be cooper
ation of land and naval forces."
In January 17H1 Washington sent
an emissary to Paris with a special
appeal. His instructions were "that
periority. . .A constant naval su
periority would terminate the war 1
speedily. -Not
Impressive
By hindsight Washington's ac
complishments in land-sea cooper-: I
ation do not look impressive. They
have a common sense perspective 1
that today is taken for granted.
What must be realized is that the
science of warfare had deteriorat
ed steadily for well over a thou-
armies op
erated independently, neither with
any conception of the problems of
the other.
Asked where in history previous i
to Washington you could find a !
general with the same grasp of the !
l i . :
imer-mauonsnip Deiween iana ana
sea warfare, Morison said:
"You'd have to go clear back
to Belisarius. You remember he
once conducted a long march over-1
land with the sea on his flank and !
the fleet sailing along slowly to '
protect it. i ,
Belisarius, in case you are in
terested, was the top soldier for ; I
Jostinian I, who ruled the eastern
half of the Roman Empire from
Constantinople and who sent Bel
isarius to conquer Rome. That was
540 a. d. 1240 years before York-
town.
Yank Diplomats
To Probe Europe
Cold Damage
WASHINGTON - American
ambassadors in 19 European coun
tries, including four behind the
Iron Curtain, have been ordered to '
survey European winter relief 1 1
needs and report urgently to
Washington.
State Department spokesman'
said that in line with President
Eisenhower's Sunday offer of sur
plus food, the State Department!
is trying to find out what emer
eencv aid is needed. uh:it sunnliec
are available to meet demands, 1 1
what longer-range help may be re
quired in the spring and summer.
The European continent has suf-il
fered its worst winter in the 20th
Century with heavy snows and,
freezing winds that have cost
hundreds of lives. Frozen rivers j
and vast snow accumulations are!
now causing worry about spring
floods.
irri
Ui V I IM.N D Dr.O Chan.N D
DRS. CHAN and LAM
CHINESE NATUROPATHS
Upstairs. 407 Court St
mfk K'urij only lo a
to I f m i la 1 o m iwniultatlna
liio. prruur an4 urine Inn art
frrt of chars Prtrtlrr tnr
1111 Wrilr Mi tttrarllv ctn r
y . I p At ylJ
XT
- :.
IS ON THE GROW
Dedicated1 fo your health's protection
from the cradle on . . .
Hand in hand with your doctor . . . help
children grow to strong adulthood . , . help
keep mature people healthyl See u for
your drug needsl
Accural service all-ways
Phon. 3-3111 or 3-9239
Capital Drug Store
t Locations t Better Serve Yo
'"" Mala Store: JS State, Corner of Liberty "
Prescription- Shop: 111 Ckemeketa, Grtffta Bldf.
WE GIVE Si"K GIEEN STAMPS ,
Statesman, SaVm, Ore, WYcJ., Ffk 22, 'ZC (Sec. TIT) 5
SALEM, OREGON
STORE HOURS:
Mondays and Fridays
9:30 A.M. to 9 P.M.
Other Days
9:30 A.M. to 5:30 P.M.
m
ll iilLJ A -UyLi-uJ
FREE PARKING IN DOWNTOWN SALEM WEDNESDAY, FEB. 22ND
PURE IRISH
LINEN YARDAGE
1.00
vanl
36 inch wide ... Assorted
plain colors ...
MEZZANINE
WOMEN'S BETTER
COTTON BLOUSES
Sizes
32 to as
Machine washable , . , white
and colors . . .
SECOND FLOOR
L00
DOLLAR DAY FEATURE! !
Men's Better Suits . .
Featured At Onlv .
S
BOY'S QUILT
LINED JACKETS
3.00 2S
Sirrs
to 8
Rayon nylon Gabardine
. . . Assorted colors , . .
MAIN FLOOR
WOMEN'S COTTON
Nylon STRETCH ANKLETS
3 s? n
Sizes
White and colors .
S, M, L
MAIN OR SECOND FLOOR
Iwice-terrific buy! two pairs
PENNEY SHEER NYLONS
Scoop .'era up, gals! 2 pairs of
Penney's first quality nylons
for less than the price of one!
They're misty sheer, even full
fashioned! Slim dark seams.
Spring shades. Si7.es 8'2 to 11.
MAIN FLOOR
i PAIRS
1
BOY'S QUILT
LINED SURCOATS
4.00 s
Broken
Sizes 2-8
Assorted colors . . , Rayon
Nylon Gabardine . , .
MAIN FLOOR
BOY'S MICKEY t
MOUSE JACKETS
2.00 4-6.fi
. . Flannel
Corduroy
lined , . .
MAIN FLOOR
60 gauge,
15 denier
$ $ $ $ FEATURES AT PENNEY'S
Check these items for big, big values!
WOMEN'S ALL
WOOL FLEECE COATS
Sizes
to 18
Assorted
J4.00 15s
Milium lined
colors . , ;
SECOND FLOOR
INFANT'S AND
GIRL'S ANKLETS
4 T 1
Cotton reinforced with nylon
. . . 4'j to 9.
SECOND FLOOR
Vv.
V ft , A
29
Small Down Payment
Holds Yours an Layawaj ...
Worsteds and
Wool Blend
FLANNELS!
Twists, sharkskins and othei
smart looking, smart weiring all
wool worsteds and flanre s
tastefully styled and tailored trl
Penney's year-round standard?;
of fine workmanship. 33 to 43
regulars. Shorts, longs, too. The
quintitv is limited ... get here
early as vou can!
MAIN FLOOR
. . 1
si
. M' r i
j r. - t
yl r 1
l : ' . 1
A
J.
GIRL'S COTTON GIRL'S 10-OZ.
TWILL FASHION PANTS DENIM JEANS
1.00 31 1.00
Machine Washable . . . Machine washable . . . tre-
prints and plains . . mcndoui value . . .
SECOND FLOOR SECOND FLOOR
WOMEN'S 100 WOMEN'S COTTON
DACR0N UNIFORMS HOUSE DRESSES
5.00 12 to 20 - 2 fr 5
Machine washable . . . white Misses and half sizes . .
only ... large selection . . .
BASEMENT BASEMENT
L00KI BETTER 1 SAVE! STAMPED
CHENILLE SPREADS PILLOW TUBING
5.00 S 1.00 ,4
Drastically reduced ... As- Standard size ... Several
sorted colors .... patterns. -
MEZZANINE MEZZANINE.
BOY'S COTTON 8 ONLY BOYS'
SWEATSHIRTS PLAID ROBES
l.oo 10sr.6 1.00
Fleece lined . . . White and Broken sizes , .t Washable
colors ... cotton ...
.MAIN FLOOR MAIN FLOOR
WOMEN'S HEAVY
STRETCHABLE ANKLETS
Crew top , . . Sizes
S, M, L.
MAIN FLOOR
WOMEN'S ALL
WOOL SCARFS
1.00
Assorted Colors ... Large
sizes ...
MAIN FLpOR -
Li
$ $ S FEATURES AT PENNEY'S
Cheek These Items and Save
f ! I ; M lir ' I
GIRL'S DAN RIVER
condli DRESSES
$9 Sizes Q Sizes
3to6x 7to 12
Assorted prlnW'. . . ri
SECOND FLOOR
. --:-: ,
V
GIRL'S ALL WOOL
FLEECE LONG COATS
9 311
Sizes
3to6x Xi7toH
- - t
Milium Lined .'."J'
SECOND FLOOR
WOMEN'S FASHION
CHENILLE DUSTERS
3.00 12!
Assorted colors . . .
design trim . . .
SECOND FLOOR
Sizes
tO: IS '
. . Fruit
WOMEN'S GINGHAM
CHECK DUSTERS '
Sizes
10 to 18
tremen-
3.00
Assorted colors
dous value . . .
BASEMENT
DOLLAR DAY BUYI
KITCHEN TOWELS
4 , l
Assorted Colors in stripes.
MEZZANINE
EN'S LEATHER
WORK OXFORDS
4,00
N'eoprene sole . . . broken
sizes ...
BASEMENT
WOMEN'S CLOSE
OUT SHOES
2 t $3
Odds and ends . . . Broken
sizes . . .
BASEMENT '
36-INCH DRAPERY
YARDAGE PRINTS
2 yards
. for
Assorted group . . , limited
quantity ...
BASEMENT
1
D01UR DAY BUYI
dish Towns
3 , n
Assorted colors in print , .
MEZZANINE
WOMEN'S COTTON
STARDUST BRAS
1.00
Sizes 32 to 38 ... A B Cup
sizes
SECOND FLOOR
MEN'S 12-OZ.
CANVAS GLOVES
4 ts n
for
Heavy weight . .
. . White . . .
One size
MAIN FLOOR
MEN'S WHITE
HANDKERCHIEFS
10 ,, 1
Large size
value . . ,
for
. tremendous
MAIN FLOOR
'"';;b--MSAVE ri
! AT THIS kl
:. 1-7353 SPECIAL" T
WOMEN'S 100
NYLON BRIEFS
. 2 t sl -
Elastic leg . . . Sizes S, 6, 7.
MAIN FLOOR
WOMEN'S SILK
HEAD SCARFS
2 for
Large size . , , Assorted
Prints ...
.. MAIN FLOOR -
MEN'S HEAVY
WORK GLOVES
3t 1 .
Plastic dots on canvas body.
MAIN FLOOR
MEN'S COTTON
WORK SOCKS
4 vfn
for
Sizes 10 to 13 . . ,
colors
Assorted
MAIN FLOOR
I
0
ri SPECIAL PURCHASE! 80
SQUARE PERCALE PRINTS I j
4 Yr F j
4
SUPER VALUEI
BIRDSEYE DIAPERS
doz.
3.00
Large size 27x27 . . , Cello
pane packed . . .
SECOND FLOOR
43-C0IL CRIB
MATTRESS
8.00
Plastic covered ... Real
Penney value!
SECOND FLOOR
I ' f--- - - :,!
WA ' i!
- : V.-.;
Inspired new prints for all the
family! Colors range from brilli
ants to new muted tones ... all
in high count percale that machine
washes to perfection! New! See the
decorator patterns, too.
MEZZANINE
1 f;
WOMEN'S WHITE -JEWELRY
ASSORTMENT
plus
tax ,
Good selection of earrings,
pins, necklaces . . .
MAIN FLOOR
2 ,,1
WOMEN'S NEW
SNAP-IT BEADS
1.00 tv
33 inch rope . . . colon
only ...
MAIN FLOOR
UNDERWEAR BUY! 2-PLY
MERCER1ZER YARNS!
1 1
1
Exceptional Penney value! Ex
tra durable, extra comfortable
Durene processed double ply
cotton. Full cut shirts and snug
briefs, with heat resistant elas
tics , , -i lor leaa than th pric man'i shirt
of ordinary cotton underwear. .,
MAIN FLOOR ,nd "' .