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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (April 3, 1955)
Jerusalem Knows iso raim aunaayr eqce, But Holy Land's History Full of Conflict 1: i i V :- " "li'v if - - JERUSALEM Although it has been tern down ad rebuilt several times, this view of the walled city of Jerusalem is much what Christ mast have teen as he rode la from Bethany oa the first Palm Sunday. The wall has been used fer centuries as wars and conquering armies swept over the city. It is still in use today, guarded by the Arabs in itheir dispate with the new state of Israel. MacArthur s Aide Denies Pre-Yalta Plea NEVTYORK UP Gen. Douglas MacArthur's chief aide issued a fresh denial Friday that MacArth ur prior to the controversial Yalta conference pleaded for Russian help in the war against Japan. The aide, Major - Gen. Courtney Whitney, also ; suggested L that the Russians to active and vigor ous prosecution gainst the Jap anese ... He iexpressed doubt that anything leis than 60 divi sions by the Russians would 'be sufficient." J Whitney replied in his letter: 1. "Gn. Macjrthur not only flatly dfenies that he had any such conversation with Secretary ror- "someone" mav have tamnered with the diaries of the late James t festal but ridicules the idea Forrestal. then secrptarv of the 2. The editor ofi the diaries Navy. Whitney made the statements in a letter to the editor of The Wash ington Post and Times-Herald. He Wal ter Millis, "concedes that such en try was not majde in the hand writing of Secretary Forrestal but was taken from what is alleged released copies of the letter here. his ,d'ct?led dia n.0,,es- . . .This is, not to impugn the integrity iiic iicn.opci, in air cuauum ju. pHitnr March 25 criticizing MacArthur, wrote that "General MacArthur is known to have sent messages to the Joint Chiefs of. Staff during World War II pleading for con cessions to get Russia into the Japanese war." Whitney replied in his letter: "I have only recently finished a review of General MacArthur's most important messages to the Joint Chiefs of Staff during World War II and consequently j can say unequivocally that there is no truth, to the impression resting upon anonymous sources, which you try to create. ."To the contrary, the MacArthur message file. . . makes no men tion of the entry of Soviet, Russia into the war against Japan." The Post editorial cited an entry in Fprrestal's diary quoting it as saying: "He (MacArthur) felt thai we should secure the commitment of By WILTON WYNN ; 1 Orthodox was a contributing cause AP Newsfeatares Writer of the Crimean War. JERUSALEM. Jordan An Arab .The Ottoman Turks tried to Legion sentry, has red headdress eliminate friction over holy places falling down on his shoulders, , by guaranteeing toe status quo. peers from the citadel of Jerusa- The British! undertook to uphbld lem across a few yards of no the status quo principle. But as man's land. Beyond that strip he the Zionist ; movement brought a aees his enemy an Israeli sentry watching from the other side of the divided Holy City. Nearly 2,000 years ago, sentries of the Roman legions trod the same stones which - support the citadel today. And in between have come armies of many races, religions, and nationalities to man the heavy fortress-tower dorn Bating the walls of Jerusalem, where the first drama of Easter was lived. '' ; The oldest traditions connected with the city of Christ's death and burial refer to it as being named "Salem" or Peace," in the time of AbrahamBut rarely in Its history has the city known real peace. Two main reason have con- tributed to Jerusalem's being caught in the path of so many in- vasions and wars. The first is. its location as the cross-roads be tween Egypt and Asia.. The second is its unique status as the Holy City of three great religions. To the. Jews, Jerusalem is sacred as the site of their original temple and the spiritual center of " their faith. The last remnant of their temple is the ,so - called wailing wall inside the old city, but since 1948 no Jews have been permitted to reach this wall. To Christians, .Jerusalem Is sacred as -.the site of the cruci fixion, burial, and resurrection of Christ. . I " Third Most Sacred ' To Moslems, Jerusalem Is the fhird most sacred city of their faith, ranking next to Mecca -end Medina. The- Prophet Mohamed asc2nced to heaven from the rock beneath the famed "Dome of the Rock," inside the old Jewish temple area. Before he established Mecca as the center of .his faith, the prophet looked toward Jerusa lem when he prayed. : Religious rivalry has contributed o the continuing strife surround- . ing Jerusalem, but Jerusalem was in the path of invasions long be fore the birth of Christianity and Islam. Few Records i There is no record of: the origin of the city, but it first played a part in Bibical history during the wars of King David. After con quering Jerusalem, David built an altar to God on the stone threshing-floor of Araunah the Jebusite. This huge rock formed the altar of the temple built by Solomori and remained the focal point of Jewish temples after that. The same rock became the Moslem's third most holy place when Mohamed as cended to heaven from it. " Solomon built the first of a aeries of walls around the city. The kingdom was founded - by David and Solomon around 1,000 B.C. It lasted more than 400 years. At that time this area was left free because of the weakness at its- bigger neighbors. Buffer State " The Jewish kingdom was a buffer state between ' Egypt and Assyria. But the Assyrians were overthrown by Babylonia. In 587, B.C., the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Jerusa lem and carried into captivity the leading people of the country, i The tolerant Persians under Cyrus the Great overthrew Baby lon, and the Jews were allowed to return. The temple was rebuilt in 520. B.C., and in 444 the wall was restored under Nehemiah. ; The Persians were followed by Alexander the Great, then . the . Ptolemies of Egypt i and the Seleucids of Syria. Maccabees Win - Jewish nationalism emerged victorious again in 163. under the Maccabees until 63 B.C., when Pompey - established a Roman . protectorate. Direct Roman rule ,qV i began in 6 A,D. ' f Jesus was born darinp th protectorate! Herod the Great ll ruled under the Roman shx . l Christ was crucified daring the H direct rule period, condemned to ; death by the procurator of Judea, Pontius Pilate. H ! A Jewish rebellion came in 66 A D. and Titus destroyed the city. During the siege by Titus! his- f j torians say. mothers ate their own children and old people were ' I devoured by younger and stronger p . j ones. After Titus, wolves and Ji ;( ' jackals ruled the area. - 1 1 It was not until 1948 that Jews ? V were able again to make a serious .' effort to . control the city. But Israel has control only of Jerusa- ! lem's modern suburbs, the ancient site of the capital of David and Solomon, including the wailing wall and the temple area, is in ? Arab hands and no Jews may enter. ; p The emperor, Hadrian: built a i Roman city called Aelia Capi- tolina which no Jew was allowed to enter. Pagan temples were , built on most of the. holy sites. i Christian and Jewish. Christian 'J rule began with Con?tantine in Jf the Fourth century. I A brief Persian conquest was the only interruption of Christian rule until Moslems took it in the i Seventh century. g City Retaken " ; i Christian armies twice hare i retaken the city first the Cm- 5 saders 4095 to 1187. Second $ were the British in 1917. In 1948, the British gave up their mandate and Jordan occupied the walled i City with its holy sites. . , l V ! With these brief exceptions 4 Moslems have" ruled Jerusalem " since 636. But there was no peace. Is . Jerusalem has been ruled by 1 dynasties based in Mecca, Damas- i ' cus. Bagdad, and Constantinople, p I But even while Moslem dynas- If ties, fought with one another over actual possession of Jerusalem, conflicts over access to the holy places 4 in Jerusalem split the ' Christian world. A quarrel over U the birthplace of Christ in nearby U Betftlebem between Catholics iiM ssssm'mmmm Gouging Bell Leads Lost j Hunters Home .. . , 1 , ! BERLIN, N.H. (-"Bu? Bella Wave of Jewish immigration, inter-! lem. The Jewish army took aver j religious jealousies flared again. In the modem city. The Arab Legion 1948, the United Nations sought to occupied ths original Holy City, with 23 notches figuratively solve the age-old problem of ac-j Jerusalem today lives in a state scratched on -her yard-long beju cess to holy places by j making of no-war, no-peace. Arabs and ; Powered by a city -owned air com Jerusalem an international city. Jews signed an armistice in 1949, -rvrer. B: Bella utters her But again armies and not diplo- but they still are far from a final moose-like bellow at 10-second in- mats settled the late of Jerusa-; peace. iiervas whenever a person is iosi Moslem Woman Breaks 1,000-Year Tradition CAIRO, .Egypt (Jl i A woman has broken' a thousand years of tradition at the Al Azhar Univer sity 4 noted Moslem seat of learning- ! . , : . The first feminine sneech within has celebrated her third birthday its walls was given by Begum Zein Hameid Allah, editor of the Pakis tan newspaper Mirror. Students and professors applauded politely as she appealed for equal rights for Moslem women, j in heavily wooded country here. To date, 23 persons, mostly hunt ers, have been led to safetv by Bella's voice, heard three and four miles away "like it was right next to me." Three years ago, following the death of a lost hunter, City Coun cilman Albert Tberriault suggested such a device be tried to prevent further tragedies. The unit, put in operation Thanks giving Day, 1351, has been batting 1,000 ever since. Iridium Coil Used To Simulate Jet Heat NOMINATIONS CONSIDERED WASHINGTON (UP)-The Sen ate had under consideration Satur day nominations . for two Oregon poslmasterships made by Presi dent Eisenhower. Jack R. Bailey was nominated for Scio postmas ter and John P. Ivers at Ocean- lake. I Statesmah, Saltra, On., Sunday, April 3, 1 955-Stc SCHENECTADY, N. Y. (UP) General Electric Company engi neers have come up with some thing to simulate the white-hot heat of jet engine combustion chambers. It's a six-inch coil of iridium worth about $175 an ounce. v The high temperatures, which soon would melt ordinary metals, were generated in a small fur nace no larger than a wastebas- ket A tiny electric i current was passed through the . iridium coil, making it possible ' to calibrate temperature - measuring probes J for use in taking jet engine tenv rperatures. Livestock Loss Said High While Going to Market COLUMBUS, O. (UP) Enough livestock is injured or killed daily on its way to market to furnish one day's meat needs for half a million people, according to C. W. Hammans, . Ohio State University farm expert. j j Hammans, a marketing special ist, said careless handling of live stock means the loss of about a hundred tons of beef, lamb and pork each day. The result, he maintains, is a lower price to the producer and higher costs for the consumer. Bruised meat can't be eaten and extra labor is required to trim it out. "But it does suggest that either the diary notes were dictated by someone other than Secretary For restal during the years intervening between the event and the process of editing for publication, or that Secretary Forrestal, if he did in deed dictate the notes, was even then suffering from a mental dis order. . . which ultimately led to his death." FLEES REDS BERLIN (UP) Music professor Adolf Havlik of Halle University fled East Germany Friday fori West Berlin to escape Communist persecution, the West Berlin In formation Bureau reported. A ONE-MAN BUSINESS villi profit potMrtwl mp to $300 Uily offered bj actional corpora tiom caatroBiag auaafactura of patwit protected, altra-modera, ultjag reuMbla CANNED ICE that 1'lta 1 yaara aod aalls threoefc rtln for mmiy 49c. Ezdu arra protect distributorship imaaadiaMly aTailabla He your area. Miaiaaa al $S.1M cotb raa.alraa'. Piiariaafrt aataaVaa' anly afiar in Daltat. THI ttllZIT COIPOIATIOM O AMIIICA X Cou St, Duui, Taxaa, Pbkmtb nt-1355 ..... - ...... i i i . - i ,.. ri in s MMSIHtMtHMHI MtHMMIBMnillMIN (HMtHMMBni ISISnsMMMntNtflltt j J ( Iff XHfflTS and TEES 1 1 i! V PlayalverY j! II t unponani pan j I f ? V in your Easter j v.. m ; wardrolie j I x . f AV Poy particular jjj to your shirt and : : DUCK EGGS SENT UTRECHT, Netherlands OP A Dutch committee is flying 60,000 duck eggs to Korea to help im poverished farmers build up flocks depleted in the Korean War. fHot' Whhky Cache Found UnderHood DETROIT CPV-Elmer Smith, a Ta was City, Mich tourist camp operator, couldn't beat a jlaw of physics. So he ended up in jail. The story came out when Smith pleaded guilty to smuggling 28 bottles of whisky across the Ca-nadian-U.S. border. He admitted he concealed the whisky3 under the hood of his ear and drove into Detroit, unsuspected by cus toms men. 'I -1 j - i In suburban Dearborn, heat from the engine burst four of the bottles and set fire to the whisky and car. . Firemen put out the flames. . Police called customs men, who confiscated $150 worth of whisky that escaped the flames and Smith's car. Now he knows alcohol expands when heated.! Ma m nnniHiiiiiimiMtj makes Charcoal something jto talk about...) i r v in it .Vaial n.riin rtfi TtjA V attention tie because this year there more important than ever. To be sure to be smart, choose Manhattan shirts and ties fashion-right from every angle! Ulm'i Own Store Sine 1S90 j m iMHitHtitiifMma the ivy league by ...the nncs is the Stetson Ivy League . in the new Charcoal thades to blend with the new suits, shoes and accessories . . . and notice this hat's narrott er brim and subtly tapered crown designed for today's lean 0 , lapel look ... 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