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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 20, 1954)
4 !" !Mi!ir :JUfi " I rtrmiiE wdDisiL Trans week iltluff i ' - est May russets f I. J r iUU w ding Schools Lead Way In Desegreg By J. M. ROBERTS Jfc. t Associated Press IS etcs Analyst i - THREE thousand Negro children registered at white schools, in heretofore highly segregated Washington, U. C, this week, and nobody batted an eyelash. Not far away , in West Virginia two communities re volted against desegregation, and one of them! called the whole thing off for the time being. ' 1 i inose were the highlights or a week ot opening days on which school authorities in a few border areas but not in the deep South began experimenting with racial integration under the Supreme Court's ruling that segregation in public schools is unconstitu- tional. They were taking the first steps on .what was ob viously going '! to be a long, hard road. Even the first scattered returns, from areas where the racial problem is ebft ! much less severe than in areas which have yet to act, made it obvious that ultimate success would take great effort on the part of the school systems, the parent teacher ' organizations, civic groups and lots of time. It Will Take Time i- I Time was the big thing for which even the most cooperative Southerners were asking. A doz en years was the estimate of George Mitchell, executive di rector of the Southern Regional Council, which for more than 10 years has been promoting, the theory that all men are entitled S j IT? m.JlJ.f, u to equal opportunity. i j-- All the ."segregated" states are working on the problem, . most of them from the stand point of how to comply with the - court ruling, a few from the standpoint of how to evade it The District of Columbia, at President Eisenhower's request, worked out a program designed as a "pilot." . J-jj All kindergartens have been integrated. A redistnctmg ays tern will gradually make m shift of all children into consolidated schools. Children of new Negro residents in a district automati cally go to white schools. . Start at Bottom This idea of integrating the kindergartens and lower grades first is a growing one. It catches children before they have had r time to develop prejudices. It also -Involves a younger set of parents, farther removed from the origins of the passion which produced discrimination against the Negro in America, j This will be time consuming. So will the very real material problems involved in many Southern areas. In general, the system has been to transport white childjen to consolidated or urban schools while leaving the Negroes, especially in rural areas where the problem is keenest, to attend small schools in their own neighborhoods. To transport them or to require all children to attend the school nearest their homes would be, en the one hand very expensive and jam the already-bursting consolidated schools, or com- Dletely disrupt i the smaller schools used by Negroes. The school plant 1 problem alone almost precludes sudden action. : Religions Problem There is a religious problem. Major church organizations have referred it to their members. Unanimously, the ruling bodies have proclaimed that the Christ ian approach, as well as the law, nrcludes sezregation. . Manv a good churchman is w'onderinc how to compromise his ingrained prejudices with this newly-expressed thinking. He needs time, too. And so does the congregation of which he is a part, and which in the long " .... 9 A I run will determine iu own ai titude regardless of the- pro nouncements from higher at nominational circles. , '. The Supreme Court recog nized all these things when it put no enforcement, time limij into its opinion." f Soon now it will be getting rruments of those who have been studying, just how the ruling should be applies, ana how long it will take to do it. J The experts seem to be pretty well agreed that most time is needed by areas where the Negro population is highest in .. relationship to the white. Should other areas where it is easier be MnxittoH to la? until the last are ahl ta act? - f There are a thousand and one such questions. Underlying each Is a reason why the court should ation Politics Straws in the Wind . Two weeks ago Vice President Nixon said the Maine election this week f would provide the first statewide test of the Eisen hower administration program and , : confidently called for "greater than ever majorities" in this rock-rbbed Republican state "to set a standard for the rest of the nation in November." Maine voters went to the polls Monday and elected their first Democratic governor in 20 years. Edmund S. Muskie, 39, Dem ocratic national committeeman, defeated Gov. Burton M. Cross, 51, by more than 20,000 votes. In modern times, no other GOP governor ' has ever been denied a second term in Maine. It was no Democratic land-J slide, however. Republicans sent, Margaret Chase Smith back to the Senate for a second term and kept ; their three House ! V y. '.-:-frSM GOV.-ILECT MUSKIE . . Broke Democratic Drought . . seats.' Mrs. Smith's margin was about half of the 96,000 majority she rolled up in 1948. Although the adage "As Maine goes so goes the nation" long since has been outmoded by events, -Democrats were jubi lant, They1; aid the guberna torial victory indicated a Dem ocratic comeback in Congresss after the defeats in 1952. National Republican leaders attributed the defeat of Gov. Cross to dissension in state party ranks. ', : i : ' t In nine states. Congressional incumbents generaUy weathered the, primary storms in contests for1 five Senate seats. 92 House seats and six governorships. I An 'exception wis the' defeat in New Hampshire of Sen. Rob ert W. Upton, a Republican in terim appointee. Upton, 70, was turned back in the GOP primary by Congressman Norria Cotton in a three-way race to fill the remaining two years in the term of the late Sen. Charles W. Tobey. ' ; I ' In Wisconsin, Fred R. Zim merman, an outspoken zoe Of pen. McCarthy, won renomina- tion as secretary of state despite an attempt by state GOP lead ers to purge him. j A ' wer&yv;.- fa till. . - . ,t,- II - i- -f J . . . TRAMP, TRAMP, TRAMP Man in anti-riot police make their first at ceremonies .following MCCARTHY: Report Coming Up Nine-Day Hearings End The Senate committee probing censure charges against Sent Joseph R. McCarthy (R-Wis) began working on its official re port this week after ther close of the nine-day public hearings Monday Chairman Watkins (R Utah) said there was a possi bility the report will be com pleted before Oct 1. The report ; which may be critical of some of the Wisconsin junior senator's activities, is to act as a guide to the Senate when it returns to the capital later this year to decide what to1 do about the censure resolu tion, j ", f - r Censure is the most drastic penalty , the Senate may inflict on a member, short of expulsion, but it involves no specific sanc tions such as loss of committee chairmanships or seniority. ; Flanders Resolution . The Senate ' voted 73-12 on Aug. 2 to create a special bi partisan committee to consider a resolution offered by Sen. Flanders (R-Vt) that the Senate censure McCarthy on grounds that his official conduct is un becoming, contrary to tradition and tends to bring the Senate into disrepute." The committee members are Sens. Watkins (Utah), Case (SD), Carlson (Kan), all Repub licans, Edwin C. Johnson (Col), Stennis (Miss) and Ervin (NO, all Democrats. The hearings opened Aug. 31, under rules closely following those in j federal courts. The committee singled out a number of the 48 1 overlapping charges, filed by Flanders and Sens. Ful bright (D-Ark) and Morse (Ind- Ore) and lumped them into five main categories. j Five Categories j ' They embrace accusations that McCarthy (1) showed contempt of a Senate subcommittee by re fusing to answer questions about his financial affairs in 1931-52; (2) encouraged federal employes to; violate the law and their oaths of office by giving him data the White House seeks to keep secret; (3) may have vio lated the law in his handling of secret FBI material; (4) abused Senate 1 colleagues; and (5) abused ! Brig. Gen. ' Ralph W. Zwicker at a closed hearing in New York last Feb. 18. McCarthy was the principal witness, testifying for parts of three days, j He entered denials Of ) the charges against him, or ... i TTFTF&r- ' " - 1 1 -: i uniform still or tha keynote of this uneasy parted of postwar peace. Al left, West Berlin's public appearance In battle dress. Af right, Yugoslav infantrymen goose-step in Belgrade signing of the "Little Three" Balkan alliance ef Yugoslavia, Oreece and Turkey. said that he had full justification for acts for which it was pro posed to censure him. j 1 Most of the evidence in sup port of the main charges was not presented by witnesses, but was read into the record from pre vious proceedings. j 1 McCarthy Protest Rejected As the hearings closed, Chair man. Watkins remarked) that E. Wallace Chadwicki commit tee counsel, and Guy G. De Furia, his assistant, had tried to be fair in presenting! evidence but -McCarthy and his lawyer asked that the committee em ploy "independent counsel" to help in drafting the Report be cause, they: said, "the district attorney shouldn't be (permitted to write the opinion after prose cuting- the case." I The committee rejected this request, announcing it had com plete confidence in its counsel. Another Flanders Letter Sen.' Flanders, author of the censure resolution, made public a new letter to watkins citing material in support of his charge that McCarthy usedj "abusive and coercive tactics" against the press. 'j I "The fact that reporters, radio commentators, editors! and pub Ushers have successfully resisted him without flinching In no way minimizes the gravity of the at tempt, nor does it lessen the responsibility of the Senate for permitting one of its members AERIAL: Firehouse Hangars The Air Force has ordered a new type of "firehouse hangar" for the swift getaway of jet fighter interceptors. 'j j . Five-ton steel doors at each end of the hangar open fully in 20 seconds. A 24 by 64 foot door at the rear; clears the way for the jet exhaust blast,) while the opening front door permits the plane to roar immediately down the takeoff runway. I t Heavy cast iron' counter weights pull the doors Upward at the flip of a lever. Electric motors; close them by Raising the counterweights. These are said to be the world's fastest-acting large-size doors. - The time saved in takeoff, as compared with a conventional hangar, can add 25 miles to the distance 'at; which the fighter would intercept intrjuding air craft I : j " "- ' The first hangar of this type is now being installed at Truax I - t - . s to abuse his official position," Flanders said. f Flanders charged that McCar thy had attempted "economic coercion against newspapers and magazines by trying to cut off their advertising' or having their second class mailing privi leges withdrawn. . ; Flanders specifically men tioned as alleged McCarthy targets Time Magazine, The Wall Street Journal, The Wash' ington Post and Times-Herald, The Afilioaukee Journal, I and The Madison (Wis.) Capital Times. 1 Young As You Feel j Your chemical age may be im portantly different from your chronological age, according; to studies by Dr.' Harry Sobel and Dr. ' Jessie Marmorston, of Ce dars of Lebanon Hospital. Los Angeles, and the University! of Southern California. , f This could be the scientific reason for the saying that "you are as younf as you feeL j Chanre with Age . ; . The researchers i find that as humans and animals grow older, their bodies contain relatively less" jelly" or soft fluid material and more fiber or tougher con nective tissue. 1 The doctors said the ratios of jelly-like to fibrous material; or SCIENCE: Body Chemistry Faster Starts Air Force Base, Madison, Wis. Similar although slightly slow er hangars are also in use tat other Air Force bases. f Royal Air Force historians this week admitted that German air craft designers were superior to the Allies in World War JL put the German high command mis handled the Luftwaffe. , In an official analysis of the air war, the British experts said the Germans' "great error was being lulled into over-confidence by "early, easy successes." In Short . . i Claimed: By William O'Dwyer, former Democratic mayor ! of New York, that "political and other ulterior considerations' are back of a $9,699 federal in come tax claim against him. Scheduled: Queen Mother Elizabeth to arrive in New York Oct 28 for a three-week visit to the United States and Canada. Dates Monday, Sept. 20 Democratic primary, Rhode Island.. . i . AFL convention, Los An geles. : Tuesday, Sept 21 rjemoeratic and Republi can conventions, New York. Thursday, Sept 22 . Autumn begins. Friday, Sept 24 American Indian Day. Sunday, Sept 26 Daylight Saving Time ends in many states. the ratio of chemical elements of each type of material may be in a general way a measure of the biochemical age of the indi vidual. Discovery of a cancer-fighting material in the spleen was re ported to the American jCheml- cal Society in New York by Dr. Casimir Funk. Funk, biochemist who origi nated the name Vitamin, said the chemical, named oncotine, shrinks one kind of cancer in mice. Whether it will act simi larly against human cancer is not yet known. Funk said oncotine shrinks the mouse cancer as much as 40 j per cent and also prevents loss of weight: in mice into whom the cancer has been trans planted.. ' Heart Studies. New evidence was offered the Second World Congress of Car diology in Washington that most people with heart disease may safely engage in productive em ployment provided the jobs are suited to their physical capacity. Dr. Herman K. Hellerstein of the! Cleveland Heart Society re ported that of. a group of 535 patients representing all kinds of heart ailments, 75 per cent were returned to gainful em ployment in the last four years. Follow-up studies showed 92 per cent of those so placed have worked safely and productively m a variety of occupations. Dr. Abraham Jezer, consulting cardiologist at a Bronx, N. Yn rehabilitation project, said it could be estimated that no more than about 30 per cent of those "disabled' by heart disease real ly do have serious heart disease. "A major cause for disability in j the cardiac Is 'cardiac neu- frosis,' (fear of heart disease) superimposed on non-disabling organic heart disease," he said. I -: V British to Support Substitute for E DC By TOM WHITNEY , Associated Press Foreign Staff Writer AN AMERICAN diplomat and the British foreign minister journeyed about Europe exploring chances for a new arrangement forYCommon defense by the West in the waka of French rejection of the European Defense Community : Also attracting attention was a sharp defeat in a local German election for the moderates represented bv Chaiv ceuor Jvonrad Adenauer. And in the Far East there was a flare-up of military activ ity over the Nationalist-held island of Quemoy just .off the rViini in9t on4 r. .vrV, in rro Soviet Union on the subject of a peace treaty. There were many differ ent sugges tions from pretty re sponsible Juarters about ow to 1 get France and West Ger many working together with Other coun Whitnty tries against possible Russian aggression. Britain and Italy reached agreement on a plan to align Western nations in a security alliance without supra-national features. This substitute for EDC would be created .by expanding the 1948 Brussels pact for mil itary, economic and cultural co operation to include west uer many and Italy. The members of the Brussels pact are Britain,' France ! and the Benelux coun tries. ! . ! Setback in Germany ' , , The trouble was not in lack of specific plans, but in lack of foundation for any auch scheme in terms of the moods in the two important countries. There was no evidence in France that the opposition to Western German rearmament in any form which killed EDC had lessened. , ... ' .. ... . In West. Germany,' on the other hand, there was a definite indication that the tide was run ning against a course of cooper- - 1 . -- ' Smokers One Puff Too Much Here's a new way to smoking: J try Communist stop cig arettes. "I lit a cigarette recently and immediately felt such pain that I still cannot find words to de scribe it," a Hungarian wrote to a Budapest newspaper. a Similar complaints have been noted in Poland, Romania, Bui-, garia, Hungary and East Ger many. ! Hungarian cigarettes, ;-. the Reds' official newspapers admit often contain almost no tobacco at all.- In Romania, smokers frequently find only 15 ciga rettes in a package supposed to contain 20. A Hungarian described 'what happened when he went to the director of a state-owned qga- rette plant to complain: . "I offered him a cigarette and after he inhaled the first time, his face convulsed violently. "'Please, he. asked, "what kirtd of cigarette; is that? I told him it was the brand his factory produced." . ' Smokers complain that there are 15 different state-made brands for sale in Poland but all taste alike. In East Germany, a newspaper freely conceded that several brands "are not suitable for human consumption.' ' -.v- UulA ation with other Western Euro pean countries and Chancellor Adenauer who represents this course. In Schleswig - Holstein, elec tion results' showed sharp losses for Adenauer's Christian Demo cratic party and sharp gains for tne socialists wao oppose hint resolutely. In a different part of the world I the Russians made a gesture which looked to be little more than a gesture toward Japan. Soviet Foreign Minister V. M. Molotov issued a statement' in Moscow saying the time was ripe to conclude a peace treaty between Jaoan and the U.S-S.R. The Japanese gov ernment of Premier Shigeru Yoshida made an answer which made some conditions the So viets have never to date been willing to accept, including' re turn of some of the former Jap- ' anese I territory the. Russians took after World War H. ". I Vest Pocket War j The Chinese Communists con tinued this week a sporadic bombardment of the -island of Quemoy which is located close to -the Communist-held main land on the China coast The Nationalists answered-- with naval i and air activity. The question was debated in Wash ington how far the U.S. gov ernment should go. to defend this particular island. - This illustrated some of the formidable problems associated with the protection of Formosa. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles declared in Denver last Sunday , that the Chinese Com munists could not possibly seize Formosa in the face of American power. This seemed to be as authoritative enough statement on the short-run prospects lor this t important Far Eastern stronghold. Very liew American! havt thought out however, the long run imnli cations of the cosition which the United States has taken on Formosa and on the , Nationalist Chinese government As things stand the U.S. gov- ' ernment is committed to defend Formosa against r any attempts by the Peiping government to take it over. Defense of Formosa to, other words there are now two Chinese governments: one on the mainland exercising pret ty . effective ' control over the several hundreds of millions of Chinese who live there; the other; on Formosa controlling; a few millions of . Chinese on Formosa, native Formosans, and some of the Chinese living in foreign countries. The govern ment; on the mainland is ex tremely hostile to the United States, and the U.S. government is solidly backing the govern ment on Formosa and giving it economic and military help as well as its defense promisee. This puts the United States in the middle of Chinese affairs. How it handles itself in this very tricky situation is of ex treme importance not only for Americans and for China but for all of "Asia and the rest of the world as well. The US. backing of the Na tionalist government on For mosa means on the one hand that the U.S. government by doing it lessens sharply its abil ity to maneuver in the interna tional scene. Chinese Comma mist I hostility t the United States becomes a permanent fac tor in international affairs so long as the United States stays behind Formosa., , j A Potential Weapon At the same time in Formosa and its Chinese Nationalist gov ernment the United States pos sesses a -potentially powerful weapon against the Chinese Communists. The word "potentially' needs to be included because . Formosa is not yet such a weapon. The Nationalist government en Formosa could become an ever stronger center of attrac tion for all Chinese everywhere including those in China propea . and those m the countries of ;the Pacific and Southeast Asia who hate communism er who come to hate it in the future as it manifests its habitual cruelty and oppression. Formosa could conceivably become a demonstration of the possibilities of a new and tree Asia, not only for the ce2ses eontinue taking its urn, stbMMtSy ivsf rflMftttl tV9WS but also for all the Other AaiaC MU R'Oht Recrtl. AP Ntvotftatvrts) DUEl AT THREE PACES CROWDED TAK1NO THE ROWS TWO-PARTY SYSTEM vt 'I.,: