us.
iy
s jni'lroa'llwci oh' Cfeatony ' - Atom
Power
Wow 6g Should
Big Business Be ?
J- M. ROBERTS JR.
AMtAated Press tievct Analyst
QIGNS are blowing up ; of another argument tn this
w country prcuy soofl fever "(big business."
i The business community has recently broken into a
rash of big mergersf i
' The automobile industry has led the way with Stude
baker and Packard, Nash and Hudson Kaiser-Frezer and
wuiys, nve or them among, the
eldest In the business, forming
three new combines in the hope
of competing with Ford Chrys
ler and General Motors.
There hu been a broader but
less sensational trend of the
tame type in the textile indus
try, where. j--.--.;
business has
been spotty f f
woA in some I
cases down
Tight bad k
tinte the U
war. Textile S (
workers in
some parts t
the South
wert among
the first to
t h V Will
cuts in order
to keeo their milU open when
the "recession" started And
bigger concerns there which
were hot so affected have been
protecting themselves against
competition and buying i new
markets by merging with north
ern and eastern companies.
Word that Bethlehem, second
largest steel producer, and
Youngstown, sixth, were plan
ning a marriage served to set off
an 'upward movement in the
stock market recently. ; ..
Trend Being Watched j
These are just examples
The Justice Department has
announced that it Is watching
the trend. The qUestiOn is
whether or not it is merely re
ducing competition or whether
It makes for improved efficiency.
which can be passed on to the
consumer in the form of better
goods or better prices.
The department says It won't
interfere with business merely
because it is big, but only if
competition is affected.
The Brookings Institution a
nrivately endowed organization
for research into economic and
social crectices. has iust pro
duced a report showing the sub
ject had been attracting fcttefl
tion for Some time. :i
Its conclusion was that - the
nation's economy is still dy
namically competitive,! with big
business both a Jthreat ana
spur. - . l: - '
Fierce Competition
Right now it said, big business
is forced Into the fiercest com
petition by market conditions
(This has been the obvious force
behind the automotive mergers.)
Constant developments of new
products and processes to beat
one another's time , result in
progress and improved services
to the public: : - : i I
The BroOkinn report empha
sizes that someone in an .indus
trial society hai to coordinate
things so that individual efforts
and resources can produce a col
lective result, and that if it is
not done by business it Will have
to he done bv pavernmenL !
la the automobile business the
little fellows have been ganging
up to fight the big ones. Many
mergers, however, result in the
, little fellows being rounded up
just to eliminate competition.
There have been times when
little manufacturer "would be
bouaht merely so that his prod
uct, a perfectly good one, might
be withdrawn, leaving the mar
ket under control nf the bit fel
low. , s
Recent figures indicate that,
while tome of this may have
been occurring! the net gain 6f
small businesses and factories in
this country has recently been at
the highest rate in years.
Question of Big Business
The question of how good is
big business, however, remains
in the background Of American
life even when it is not art active
fssiiel
Both Roosevelt presidents
made a great issue of it Ever
since the Civil War, when "big,
: business." consisted ! largely of
operations by individual families;
or restricted business groups,
politicians have usually been
able to raise a hue ahd cry ty
references to malefactors of
great wealth, or some such, and
all too frequently they were able
to prove it i
Big business now, however,
operates largely with hired man
agements.in i curiously imper
sonal fashion. In many ways It
is strangely responsible. to its
stockholders, la , many 'wars
strangely independent of them.
A new upsurge- in tht row
over Whether it U pod er tad
could carry the ts.rUdja.nii ir.i
pome $transe fcyways.-"-
.Quotes: .
t ThomaS K. Dewey, SI, gov
ernor of New York Tor 12
years and twice Republican
candidate for the presiden
cy: "After, the most ithor
ugh and even painful con
sideralion, 1 have concluded
the time has com for m
to return to private life t
Shall not Under any circum
stances . be a candidate for
any ; public office this falL"
' Frlrae Minister Winston
Churchill: 'Declarations of
war may themselves have
become unfashionable in the
era of science and hatred,
of levity i and foreboding,;
through Which mankind is
sUadf astiy miking its Way."
3F
c
. ?
f
Autos
New One Coming S , I
The big bright hope ex the
auto industry right now is con
sumer reaction to its 1955
models, ! i
fTh sleek new cars, most of
them reflecting drastic changes
in engineering and style, should
start rolling off assembly lines
around Nov.'l. They are being
Cbuftted upon 16 pep up con
sumer demand, pull auto re.
tailers out of the red, and quench
the cufrent buyers' lust for bar
gains, i-.' - ! ---' - .;
No. 1 problem facing the in
dustry at the moment is getting
nventories of Unsold 1854'i out
of the way before the 1953's hit
the showrooms. Major efforts are
being made to solve it. Produc
tion is down to its lowest levels
of. the year; aome manufacturers
are shut down tight H .
At the retau end, erica conces
slons and high trade-ins are Still
pretty much., the rules some
dealers are giving away an elec
tric stove or a television set with
each new car sold. The alert
buyer can almost always find a
baraaln. -; 1 p
Production Of 1855 models will
mean an Upsurge in i employ
ment The present slowdown has
meant temporary layoffs for
many thousands of aifto workers.
but most will be back on the J6b
in about six Weeks.
November 1951 Peak ;
By November, Industry pay
rolls are expected to reach a new
1954 high. People Who Usually
make good guesses say the boom
will continue through January
at the very least and well into
the new year if the 1955's go
over as anticipated. .
Still unanswered is the ques
tion Of Whether new car buyers
'-long accustomed to concessions
and bargains will be Willing to
pay full list pricel h
Dates
Monday sept IS
Schools i open in many
, communities.
; Maine, general elections
Taesdiy Sept 14
Primary elections to New
Vera, Massachusetts, Colo
rado, Minnesota, NewHtmp
shire, Utah, VermOfit Wash
ington, -Wisconsin, i ;
Democratic runoff 1 prl
mary, Mississippi; n
Wednesday, Sept 15
Ohio Republican convert
Hion. . ., : ' !
Friday, Sept II
Citizen's (1 Am an Amer
ican) Day. it
Y v p
4 STATE PSPTCr7 Mll
Russia Can f Veto
Project for; Peace
' By TOM WHITNEY
- . Associated Press Foreign Staff Writer
PRESIDENT Eisenhowef disclosed that the United
States has agreed with a number of 6th er nations td
go ahead with thft formation ef an international body to
assist the peaceful uses 6f atomic energy. 1
' Thus, the President made clear, the United States will
not permit the Soviet Union to. have any veto over inter
nauonai researcn on aionug eu
V
ISLANDS BEYONO FORMOSA jl
m, tasttuMi, w ittm
'AGONIZING REAPPRAISAL'
mm wm
mi
La mz&H
I
1
ergy ior these purposes.
Thus the fresident struck a
heivy biow at Communist prop
aganda that it is the United
States which - is preventing
peaceful uses bf atomic energy
and threatening the world With
atomie anni . .
hilation.
The Presi
dent's decision
to push ahead
with peaceful
atomic coop
eration came
nine months
after he him
self On Dec 8,
1953. held Out
tin hhA At '" "-to"
cooperation wmhw ,
OA research and development in
non-militafy Uses of IWmic
energy to the Soviets in his
speech before the- United Na
tions. The RussSnS accepted the
Prtsident'i offer to hold secret
talks. Thi talk! werft held. Both
sides Observed their confidential
character. ' i;
They fell through because of
one major ouagreement: tne
Russians insisted that any agree
ment of this sort even one
limited In character, must be
accompanied by all-out prohibi
tion of atomic weapons. This
was the same main Russian point
oh which other previous atomie
discussions had cone on the
rocks, it amounted to a vain at
tempt to return these discus
Slons into their previously fruit
less channels.
CA lias Initiative
So the Russians, it would ap
pear, have handed the initiative
in this important nem to tne
United States.
The President made on thing
clear: the doOt is not to be
closed to the Russians -or to
AMSlSIXTItOUS ; v I
rtoitM, tan tin JmtmI
MAna 0 Viewpoint
In Short i s
vnnt hv Vietnr Kit SL of
Philadelphia, the men1 national
tennis championship at Forest
Hills; the women's national ten
nis Utle by Doris HarU
Named; Bt Gov. Byrnes
(D-SC), Charles E. Daniel, 69,
president of. a construction firm,
to fill the unexpired term ef Sea.
Burnet R. Maybank Who died
of a heart attack Sept L
Forecast: By the U.S. Depart
ment of Agriculture, that next
summer world coffee production
should move ahead of consump
tioiv-removing a prime reason
for high coffee prices id recent
months.
Killed: U&h John L Arm
strong, IX Air Force pilot dur
ing a speed test at the National
Air Show at Dayton, only three
days after establishing a new
world speed mark of 49 m.p.h.
for the 500-kilometer closed
course. - j '
Died: Glenn S. (Pop) Warner,
83, one of the-natiOnV foremost
football coaches; and Harry Con
way (Bud) Fisher, 6$, creator of
the cartoon "Mutt ana Jen."
Announced: By the Air Force,
plans to start rotation of fight
er-bombers " and trooo-carried
squadrons from the United States
to Europe" r '
Demonstrated: By psycholog
ical tests bn front-line troops id
Korea, ; that superior combat
fighter are more, intelligent
than other soldiers.
SCHOOLS: Eyes on South
i
Segregation Pf6bUrn
Despite the Supreme Court
ruling last ' spring that racial
segregation in public schools
was unconstitutional, 10 of the
Southern States ; continued to
preserve the old order ai school
terms opened thll month. .
The delay is permissible be
cause the C6urt abstained from
issuing an order to end the prac
tice pending an October meet
ing in Washington Of State legal
officials on how best to wipe out
discriminaUon. ;
Seme Harriers Drop
School segregation bsrriers
are dropping J in some States:
Maryland, Missouri, Oklahoma,
Arkansas, Kansas, New Mexico,
west Virginia; and Delaware
Partial integration is taking
place in i many city schools:
Washington, D. i C, Baltimore,
St. Louis. to name a few of the
larger. !
But 10' states, headed by
ueorgia wnose i governor an
nounced ha WOUld .resist the
court decision if his state had to
stand alone, are holding out
The etnfri are Alabama, Lou
isiana, Texas, Virginia, Florida,
South Carolina, Mississippi, Ten
nessee and Kentucky.
The Mississippi legislature met
in Special session this week to lay
IC
tilt 110 AD DACtt
ft
nil-
(
I
tt Fflf..S ll.'.ls.l WeJ C'.lzti front
isnd:.3 trr:s tr.Vkirl, fssr Itsnot, 1.1 xchr-s ef wcr
Fri;:r,ri v,,..u..i i.;--i:3 vi?mi.-.a 1.1 inc:c.v.:r.a.
foundation for circumventing
the court decision. The key pro
vision is a constitutional amend
ment empowerini the legiila-
ture to abolish public Schools.
The measure proposes tWO
methods bf abolishing- Missis
sippi public schools:
L Statewidei by a two-thirds
vote of the legislature. ;
I Local bfition. With Individ
uat counties and school districts
allowed to abolish their public
schools and set up private school
systems. !
Leaders of the Leeal Educa
tional Advisory Committee said
the amendment would go to the
constitutional , . committees bf
each house as any ether amend
ment wnulfl be nandlM. The
LEAd rejected the idea of ask-
ing each house to go into a
"Committee of the whole to
consider the amendment as soon
as it was introduced. Fear tf
charges ef "steam-roller tactics
convinced the UCAC the amend
ment should go through
channels. s ?
Sidelights
6 In Boston, the vicar of old
North Church.- Whose Paul Re
vere steeple crashed ' at the
height of hurricane Carol ap
pealed for help in locating part
of a weathervane made in 1940.
Missing are the big letters
N-W-Sv indicating compass
points. The weathervane was
found otherwise intact after it
crashed to the ground With the
steeple.
Old Dallas, an expectant moth
er tumbled to her death from a
third-floor window In a hospital
but doctors safety delivered her
baby boy minutes i.litej by
Caesarean section. -
Aortal
A In Stockholm. Sweden. 43
persons were arrested ahd four
hospitalised with sabre cuts as
mounted police quelled another
Outburst Of "thrill Hots. Thrill
riots have become i Weird week
end pastime m this capital. Sim,
liar outbreaks have occurred
nearly every Weekend this sum
usual mer as thousands ef hOmebdund
revelers mill around the city
paf k after attending dancing,
restaurants and- amusement
parks.
Death Toil Down
Trifite deaths' over the lorn?
Labof-Day weekend touched a
six-year low. The final count
showed 184 highway fatalities,
2 drownings. S3 from Other
causes for a total of S33. : r
The highway Itrafie toll was
the lowest for any Labor Day
weekeni since 194$, when 293
were killed. It wis under the
J5D predicted by IhS National
Sardy Coustil. ! '
6n the eve of - the holiday
President Eisenhower appealed
to the mqtorir.g' public to drive
Carefully and ''isol the experts."
National Guardsmen helped
police patrol highways in Michi
gitL Wisconsin af.d Tennessee. .
MichiSan'a txaSc deaths to
taled 21. compared with 33 dur
ing the ToUrta cf July weekend.
Highway fatalities were 12 in
Revolutionory New Jef
Britain has flight-tested an ex
perimentaK JCt "wingless air
craft4 Which Ukes off like an
eteyator from a horizontal posi
tion. , " v-
Duncan' Sandys, British min
ister Of supply, said the ftew
experiments might lead to a rev
olution in aeronautical develop
ment every, bit as important as
that resulting from introduction
of the jet engine. ;
The, test craft becomes air
bbrne vertically by use of nOwn
ward facing jet streams, Sandyi
said. The streams cad be varied
to Control the angle of climb and
can be provided either by small
subsidiary engines or by deflec
tion of the jet streak Irirn the
main power units.
"I can hardly call II an air
craft f if it rtally. is f.5 more
than an aero-engine wiCt a pilst
mounted OA top," he said. "A
few weeks ago this strange con-
tfaption which weighs ZVi tons,
successfully lifted itself into the
air: without the aid of wings Or
rotors ef any kind. It proceeded
to circle around Under complete
control for about 10 minutes and
landed tjala without trOuile.,,
Oln West Hartford, Conn. lef
frey Truesdal) 8 had to argue
with officials to be allowed to
enter a Labor Day community
pet parade but Walked off with
the second prize. His entry: a
can of angle worms. .
Powor
PrivOtt Irtduafry I
private industry broae ground
this week for the first full-scale
atomie piafit lor making elec
tricity. . .:- i
President Eisenhower, 1,200
miles away in Denver, gavl the
signal Which started, a power
shovel in ShibDinebort Pa., ex
cavating for the 40 to 58 million
dollar plant Which will be fin
ished sometime In 193T.
It's a Joint broieet by the Du
quesfte Light Co Westinihouse
Electric Corp- and the Atomic
Energy Commission,
f ast-Movlflg field v
It IS Quite Possible that the
ShiDDirttbOrt Plant will be Obso
lete before it is completed:
Atomie deveiooment like design
in aviation, IS moving so fast that
models just going into produc
tion are already obsolete on the
drawing boards.
In the ShippingpOrt plans,
materials id the reaetbr will
superheat water passed over it
in pipes. Other water turned in
to steam by passing. over the
pipes, Will turn electric turbines.
Some refinements may go into
the reactor but primarily the
project merely makes use of the
known heet-producing ability of
atomic reactors and the known
processes of steam electric plant
Operation. v
r One bf the goals thi Atomic
Energy Commission hopes to
achieve in the new program of
bringing private industry into
atomic development however, is
a hew type reactor which will
extract electricity directly from
the breakdown of the atom.
ether nations which Wish to
cooperate in the future.
For the present he explained
Britain, Canada, France,' South
Africa and Australia have been
consulted and .Belgium will
shortly be drawn into tht plans.
The United States is nrenared.
he indicated, to make available
its experience, knowledge and
resources in the effort to exploit
thi atom for power and other
peaceful uses :
Offhand it would look as if
the Soviets had made a mistake.
How they will attempt to re
trieve it is not yet clear. One
thing is obvious. Mere glander
ous attacks on the new Eisen
howit atoms for peace plan will
not be enough to negate its
effect on peoples benefitting
from it
EDC Left Vacuum
In Europe this week the big
powers began to accustom them
selves more and more to life
without the European Defense
Community, killed by the French
Parliament under leadership 'of
Premier Pierra Mendes-France.
The consequences were just
about what might have been
expected, Among other things,
west German Chancellor Kon
rad Adenauer delivered himself
of some pretty bitter words
about the French prlemler.
The gap between west Ger
many and France appeared to
be , increasing, and American
support for western Germany
to be growing, v
il was oewmmg tierer w.a
the end of EDC also means the
probable end ef hopes for any.
kind of a truly international
western European . military
force4 i
London Parley sept. 14
These were the circumstances
in which the British govern
ment disturbed by the situation,
issued i call I6f 1 nine-nation
barley en trying to batch un
some solution for Western Eu
ropean defense. The session wai ,
to convene in London Sept 14,
ftWftrflin trt - Tjftndftn'a tixtnJ It
was hoped it would work out
some solution whereby Western
Germany could rearm without
an Open break with Franca and
without any necessity far av
French Parliamentary ratifica
tion of the measure. In prospect '
was consideration of a proposal
whereby West Germany would
become associated with NATO
without actually becoming . a
member by means of a pact
with Several important NATO
members including the United
States and Britain. The French
fippeared to be unhlppy even
about this. "
V SEATO Pact f ..
AminrAATit d? vaii
r ?
1
SEATO the Southeast Asia
Treaty Organizationturfied Out
to be rather less military in em-
pnasis man pouueu iuu eco
nomic. . '
The hew accord, patterned
after ANZUS, the mutual de
fense pact of Australia, ; New
Zealand and the United States,
provides for common action
against aggression. The treaty
area comprises all Cf Southeast
Asia and the Western Pacific,
with the exceptidd of the Chi
nese Nationalist stronghold on
Formosa. , r
Eight powers were represent
ed in Manila: the United States,
Britain, France, Australia, New
Zealand, the Philippines, Thai
land, and Pakistan. Of these Only
the last three represented native
Asiatic peoples. Other Southeast
Asian countries such as India,
Burma, Indonesia, and ' Ceylon
were absent and hostile. These
facts obviously limited the im
portance Of the new pact td es
tablish a front against arres
sinrt In ihx tiarl ef the world, f
A U.S. Navy plane Was shot
flowft bv Soviet Blanes. State
ments Of the opposite sides had
an echo bf familiarity: the rus
elans claimed the American
craft .wai inside saviet terri
tory j the Americsns claimel,
and probably Correctly, dlt it
wai well outside Russian fcr
ders 44 miles at sea.
Great heat Wis generated in
Washington ever the case. .
Id thfe emotion cf the mcnent
one thing was bfeifti 0verl66kfed,
of SO it seemed. The American
ft ti-at v?rv r!...-.S to Oviet
tcriitify. The C5vi:J aiS Is
tremely sensitive to this as they
have shown in tepeitei -pwvi-DUi
tlane incidents. The C;vii.j
ask wlat aitiiudS A
k:i::.zzm come hea frtst.' liitta ti tx:...z t
war t!:tJ tstwscM LV.ntJ Nsiiar.i or.J Cs.r.mufkUts t?atts cl
C?.r.U.,:;,Si A ll;M U tl?,Zt fjard of C!$; ct laft, RCX troops.
cbuli
cans gavernmcnt and
would take toward
;ri-
Coviit
JL Cvirti-'h a U' tztii
lis tl 1 earl ltaibof tr CUi
lib. '
Wisconsin and ftnly six In Ten
nessee. 4 . .; .
. . i
i i . ...
( All f.:; his Lutrt t i, AP K t x a ur t il
V ' i ' i h i .