I Cae. 1J Ctatoaxncov Satom, Or-. Sunday, Sept. 12, 1S54
fraa flrct SUtenai, March Za, lS5i
"A'o tavor Sways Us, Vo fear StiaU Awf '
CHARLES A. SFRAGUE. Editor and Publisher
Pubhsficd vry enoraing " Business tacm ZM j-'
Norm Church St Saicm. Ore.. Tetepnona S-S441 i
, CnterMI at Uu jostatfiea at SaJaa. Or M mcop
tlmm nutter under act of Coogr March X. I7
. Member. Associated Press ,
Tb Aaaociatca Ptm tt nutleO exclusively UM UN
tot rcpuoUcatirm M all toat aws.Dnn1c4 la .
this newspaper. .
Decline in Anthracite Use . j "
Anthracite coal useci to be considered the
prime fuel particularly for household use. ;
Virtually smokeless, with little 'ash, with
high heat content, "hard" coal was the fav
orite fuel for the East and Midwest. We recall.
a doctor in Washington state, who had come j
from Pennsylvania, stuck to anthracite for !
heating his home; despite the high cost due to
the long haul. ; 1 '". . - i
Owners of anthracite mines in Pennsyl
vania and the railroads which served ) them
' were among the, country's financial barons
round the turn of the century. There jwas
George F. Baer, for instance, President of the
"Reading railroad, who stubbornly fought the
miners' demands in the great strike of 1902
(which President Teddy Roosevelt broke
through executive pressure). Baer's letter
expressing his ; views - on , the , strike epitom
ized the employer philosophy of the time. He ,
. wrote:
The rights and interests of the laboring man
will be protected and cared for not by the
labor agitators, but by Christian men to whom:
God in bis infinite wisdom has given the con.
trol of the property interests of the country, and
upon the successful management of which so -much
depends." ; W ,
i That gave him the sobriquet-of "divine
right" Baer, and brought a terrific reaction
against the propertied interests.
Baer has long; been dead. The anthracite '
monopoly was long since broken. And . now
hard coal mining has fallen; on evil days.
Production of 31 million net tons in 1953 was i
the lowest since 1881. One of the biggest
raining concerns,; Lehigh Coal and Naviga-
tion, has closed Its mines. The reasons for
the blight are first the competition of even
more convenient: fuels! likf oil and natural
gas, and second the high cost of mining, for '
hard coal mining has been done at relatively
great depths whereas a great, deal of soft coal
mining now is done in open cuts after strip
ping the top soil. - " 7 :
The whole coal industry is pretty sick, suf
fering, from competition and its! own high
costs; but bituminous coal is still indispens-
' able. Its present; uses are chiefly in steel
making and electric generation. Some signs
indicate its production has passed its low
point There seems little hope for the anthra
cite industry, however, until cost factors are
more favorable; a time not now in sight.
"We let the Communists take over Indo
china ..." The Coos Bay Times includes this'
in a jeremiad on the decline of V. S. pres
tige abroad.- If we feed ourselves that bunk
the rest of the world may come to believe it
as well as ourselves. The United States bears
no responsibility for the Red takeover of In
dochina. That was due to the indifference of
the Vietnamese and the
France to pay the price. '
Ex-Ambassaclor
Leaders Want War; Aim at
By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER
WASHINGTON (fl-George Ken
nan, former American ambassador
in Moscow and an eminent author
ity on Russia, believes that Soviet
hostility toward the United States
is "bitter and deep" but that this
"'does not mean that the Soviet
leaders want war." f 7. j 7 14
In a book being published .Mon
day, Kennan . contends that the
greatest danger presented to the
United States and its allies by Rus
sia today is the constant Soviet ef
fort to split up the alliances of free
nations and create - division and
conflict within each of the nations.
He. also argues strongly ; for
American foreign policies aimed at
avoiding war, and in effect be
makes an appeal to avoid any pol
icy which would automatically
mean use of atomic weapons it
war did break out ... - '
Kennan seemed at several points
in his book to take issue either
with administration (.policies or
thinking which has been identified
with . the Eisenhower administra
tor. : . : : :"'r;. -
He broke with Secretary of State
Dulles IS months ago over Dulles'
proposed policy of "liberation" for
Communist satellite I countries in
Europe, Kennan then arguing that
such a policyopointed toward war.
Dulles and other Republican
spokesmen meanwhile denounced
a policy of "containment" of So
viet expansion which Kennan bad
originally conceived : and which
was the dominant policy toward
Russia during the Truman admin
istration. , f
The book being published by
Princeton University t Press is a
compilation of four lectures which
Kennan gave at Princeton earlier
this year. It is called "Realities of
American . Foreign Policy." I .
- Since his retirement from the
Foreign Service in 1953 Kennan has
been a member of the Institute
for Advanced Study It Princeton.
The institute is not connected with
the university. ' ' "
The theme of Herman's phUos
cphyof foreign policy as set forth
ia these lectures is that the United
States must deal with the world
in terms of hard reality not in
terms of what it wishes the world
to be like. -
, He deplores what he considers
an excessive reliance on the Unit
ed Nations as an instrument of
American : policy and warns
i
unwillingness of
t Kennan Doubts Soviet
against what he calls 'an Ameri
can "yearning for relations from
people to people, unmarried by the
pernicious interference of govern
ments" when in fact ht says,
there is no way for people to speak
to people except through their gov
ernment, !"' -
Kennan also argues that the busi
ness of government 'Is a practical
exercise and not a moral one."
In today's world, Kennan argues,
the United States has to conduct
foreign ' policy in what he calls
"two planes of international real
ity.! One of these embraces its
relations with non-Communist na
tions bloc, . i
What this nation does in its own
internal existence, he asserts,
and what is does in its relations
with friendly non-Communist na
tions; have a decisive bearing, how
ever, on its relations with the Com
munist bloc. ' v.
"Whatever, .we do that serves to
bring hope and encouragement and
self-confidence to peoples outside
the Soviet orbit has a similar ef
fect on peoples inside, Ken
nan says, "and constitutes the most
potent sort of argument for pru
dence and reasonableness on the
part of the Soviet leaders." :
In this respect he contends, con
tainmentwhich is the policy of
building strength in the free World
to dam up Soviet power and lib
eration, which is the general pol
icy of seeking to roll back; Soviet
power by freeing satellite nations,
are "only two sides of the same
coin.'" ' ''
The trouble with liberation as it
was talked about during the 1952
political campaign by Dulles,. Ken
nan contends without mentioning
Dulles by name, is that it indicat
ed that the United States would use
war to liberate the captive coun
tries. - - .. . j-, r ,
fThe reaction of Soviet power
from its present bloated and un
healthy limits is essential to the
stability of world relationships,"
Kennan says. To bring it about
must be a cardinal aim of West
ern policy.
"But the ' term liberation can
mean many things. It is one of
those vague cliches the very cur
rency of which depends on their
imprecision. And as the term . is
most frequently used in this coun
try, and particularly by those who
regard themselves as its strongest
protagonists, it seems to me to
have two main implications.
"Independent" Papers
We were interested a few week back on an
editorial interchange between Frank Streeter
of the Grants Pass Courier, a 1 "black
' Republican," and Bud Forrester of
the Pendleton East1, Oregonian, an inde
pendent! Streeter scorns . an independent
; paper as j "neither fish nor fowl." Forrester
- stands' up to his independency and proves it
t by saying his paper is supporting Paul Pat-'
terson, Republican, for governor and Richard
r Neuberger, Democrat, for senator. Evidently,
Bill Tugman, who edits the Eugene Register-
Guard, also self-styled independent didn't
note the exchange. At least his paper heads
a clipping from, the East Oregonian thus:
"Democratic Paper Protests 'Low, Blow.' "
However,; the designation is understandable,
because' the late Ed Aldrich, long editor of
- the East Oregonjan, was a staunch Democrat
From our observation most of the editors
of independent" papers have as hard a ;
.time retaining their independency as editors
of ' party-affiliated papers have holding to
the party line. Even Streeter "reserves the
right" to scratch his ticket ' - ' .
I Grants Pass soon will have its bankrupt:,
railroad! back on its, hands. Projected as a
line from that city to Crescent City, the road
has been under lease to a cement company
for several years past but the company has
notified C H. Demaray, receiver that it will
surrender its lease at the end of October. The
' city, meanwhile, is continuing to pay on the
bonds 'issued to finance the line. The only
i other municipally owned railroad in the state
is the City of Prineville railroad connecting
the Crook County seat with the Oregon.
Trunk railroad near Terrebonne. With the
development of lumbering in the region this
railroad has been profitable.
Senator Knowland is extending the U. S.
defense line right under guns of the Chinese
; Reds. He wants the U. &j fleet used to defend :
Quernoy, two small islands just off the coast
of China, 2000 yards from Communist held
Amoy, within range of Red artillery. He
says its fall "would be a tremendous blow to
the morale of Formosa's defenders and could
eventually break the American defense line.?
We doubt very much if Admiral Stump, who
commands the Seventh Fleet, Will j want to
include Quernoy under its protective custody.
If Quernoy falls Knowland can rush over and
hold Chiang's hand..
The Oregon election will be almost com
plete this year. There will be the usual fish
and milk bills, but missing will be the hoary
sales tax question. Sports fishermen seek to
close all coastal streams except the Columbia
to commercial fishing; and a "gallon-jug"
dairyman is trying to knock out state milk
price fixing. ' Both sides of both questions
may dust off the old arguments and use them
again.;-::;'-'; ';v- ': . v
Bud Fisher, creator of the Mutt and Jeff
comic strip, died the other day at the age of
69. His strip was the durable kind, and one
of the pioneers in jthe cartoon sequence, like
Buster Brown, the Katzenjammer Kids and
Foxy Grandpa. A lot of folk, now with grey
in their hair, grew up on Mutt and Jeff, et aL
So the passing of the strip's originator merits
an editorial brief.,
They call this exchange of blows between
the Chinese Reds and Nationalists a vest poc
ket war. For those who get killed though
it's just as serious as a full-scale war.
Splitting West
- ' "First it implies the violent
overthrow of Soviet power in eith
er all or a portion of the Soviet
orbit Second, it implies that this
overthrow should constitute an ac
tive aim of Western, and particu
larly American, policy. :
;vs. i j ; V
"Now I think we must recognize,
first; of all, that if this is what we
have in mind, and if we mean it
seriously that is, if we are not
just indulging in fine phrases then
we are talking about a path of pol
icy which, if pushed far enough,'
would by every law of probability
lead ultimately to war."
Kennan said that in his opinion
the Soviet problem "is not suitably
to be resolved by war."
He' argues in this connection the
enormous damage which would be
caused to the whole world by j a
great war and also contended that
war while ending the Soviet rule
would not itself provide a solution
for the long range problem of living
With the Russians.
- .
Instead of such a policy he ar
gued for containment or "libera
tion" by the magnetic appeal of
freedom as developed in non-Communist
world and as practiced with
maturity and restraint by the Unit
ed States and other free nations
over, a long period of time. ;
He -' repeatedly : warns against
ever permitting a war to develop,
aa a consequence of America's own '
policies or permitting a little war
to grow into a big one at least
an implied argument against Dul
les declaration early this year of
a threat of massive retaliation
against any new Communist out
break in the world. ,
r He said that war as means to
the end of world domination is not
as 'instrument which Soviet lead,
era would choose themselves be
cause they count upon weakness'
and disintegration within the West
Kennan spent many years- in
the Soviet Union in various dlplo
matic posts, his last being an as
signment ' as ambasador in 1352.
The Russians compelled his ouster
from that job because they object
ed to criticisms he made of life
in Moscow. 7,
Meanwhile, he had served as di
rector of the policy planning staff
in the State Department for sev
eral years and in that capacity
was one of those who contributed
to America's early atomic policies. ,
r..i::7 nl :fUx
7' t. j w&tfmfe-f : A : 7&S&S
Jl7&l - 13
:r.M.Sr-.f . . ' -u7A-: l 3!.
J
7-:77: fVfe - 7r- l .
7 1.7, ? : I : ; Iff" ftH '
' 111 1 mmmm , m I I ill '
Fables for Adults . , No. 362 - Once upon a time there
was a father who gathered the kiddies about him on the day
before the Fall opening of school. '
row most of
i
7
.v,V.i LJkids don't appreciate school Why whea I was
a lad t used fenride a bike through raia and sleet as far as
fear and five blocks just to get to schoeL" i
"Hear! near! lisped a imall-sixed daughter.
"Of course," went Daddy, "that was quite a while '
'., baek.: 7 : ,,;jJiV;. 7t.,--'7 :: :-: .77- n -
"It must have been,", said the ton, "because since then
yov've forgotten all about ipelling. I found that out last year.
"School," Daddy Insisted, Us fusu What don't yea like
about it 77 ' :
' T ; "-' -; i- 'y.7:. ' ;-:.!,:;' ;
"Oh, school's alright," said the middle-sized; daughter.
"It's just that this year we'll have fractions. And you made
such a 'mess of my long-division last year. I just can't bear to
think of dragging you through a year of fractions, ni prob
ably have a hard enough time with them alone." t
WeU," yodeled Father, stung to the quick, "IJ that's the
way you feel. After all the time and effort . i late at night
midnight oil .!: . , .
"If you think he loused' up your long-division,'' remarked
' the sob grimrjr, "yoa should have seem the booboos he palled
helping me with tht blrdbouse project last spring.. I under
stand this year we're' supposed to collect leaves and things. :
Of eonrse, you cant' go TOO far wrong on leaves
"That's nothing," piped the small-sized daughter, "you 1
should have seen the lunch Daddy packed for me, once. I was
the laughing 1 stock of the. second grade." I - ; V J '
"Nevertheless," said Daddy. "School is Important A great -'
nan once said something like It's better to build a school for
the boy than a cell or gallows for the man. Do you know what '
he meant by that?" i ' :,."V
"Sure," said the boy, ht meant it's better for u kids to
go to school than to stay home and drive our parents to prison
r suicide." -
Fli
Time
ies:
10 Years Ago
' '! i . :
. Sept lit 1M4 ;
Dr. Karl Friedrich Goerdeler,
former mayor of iLeipzig, 6scr4
ed as a ringleader in the plot to
assassinate Adolf Hitler, was sen
tenced to death jthe Berlin radio
disclosed. 7 .
The Salem Chamber of Com
merce went oa record "endorsing
the promotion of a long-range
planning program, for this city,
including public buildings, play
grounds,, etc. i i h - ;.v.--;.--'
The Orejronian and its radio
stations, KGW-KEX, won the hon
or award flag of the Red Cross
blood donor service, previously
given to only six firms in the
county:
25 Years Ago
. Sept 12, 1929 !
; Although forest, fires In Oregon
were generally improved; 250.
men were waging a losing battle
against flames which had spread
over SOCO acres of second growth
timber in the Mt Hood national
forest , : , ,
The Eugene Register which has
been issued as a morning paper,
for 23 years announced they soon
would be publishing an afternoon
paper. The morning edition to be
continued for those who prefer it
In a note remarkable - for its
brevity and negative character.
: the Nanking government virtu al-
FASHION DECREE
. "Now children," he cried gaily ,"tomor-
you1 will be in school. Won't that
- f r ; .
oe peacny : . t "
t "What we ought to do," responded one of
his middle-sized daughters ! thoughtfully, "is
to wash out his dirty mouth with soap.
"Yeah," said the man's middle-sized son,
"it's like asking Superman if he'd like to get
back tolus reporting job." c i - '
That's no way to talk," said laddy. "Yea
From Tha
Statesman Files
- ... - . r - j
ly rejected all amendments re
cently proposed by the Soviet
government dor a projected mu
tual agreement to i control the
Chinese Eastern railway in Man
churia. p
r . ! .
40 Years Ago
' sept u mi
After the final balloting the
clergy apd lay delegates of the
Episcopal delegates of -Oregon
elected the Very Rev. . Walter T.
Sumner of Chicago to succeed
the late Charles Scannding as
bishop of the diocese of Oregon.
. Germany suggested informally
that the United States should
undertake to elicit from Great
Britain, - France - and Russia a
statement of i the terms under
which the allies would make
peace. , .. ?. .
Out of the $37,000 granted the
State Treasurer's office for the
biennial period by the last legis
lature. State Treasurer Thos. K.
Kay, announced he would return
to the state over $4000. ' .
SSUXX COLLAEED,
IPSWICH, Mass. 13-There's a
skunk wandering 'around the Ip
swich woods wearing a glass col
lar. The animal stuck its head into
a bottle and couldn't get it out A
woman standing well off i from
her target broke the bottle with
a well-aimed rock. When no one
offered to come close enough -to
remove the bottle-neck, the 6lyink
wandered oft -
rnm irnl
' (Continued from page 1.)
headed by India,-he Increasingly
resentful of the intervention of
non-Asian powers" in Asian, af
fairs? I i v-:'?-.;j,:"-'-
As far as warning off the Reds
from further "aggression, that too
is doubtfuL The Dullest bluff
failed in Indochina. The new
treaty is vague in its terms and
commitments. The Reds know
that the only one among the sig
natories able to interpose effect
ive resistance is the 'United
States; and they realized already
the risk from that quarter.
Some emphasis is put on provi
sions of the treaty calling for
economic aid to backward coun
tries. The argument there is that
Communism makes the easiest in
roads where the people are im
poverished. There is little histor
ical basis for this dictum.-Communism
has made no. conquests
save in the wake of wars. The
bolshevik revolution in Russia
was the work of a select few who
seized power at the top.
China's conversion to Com
munism was coincident with the
administrative collapse of the
Nationalist government Provi
sion of technical assistance and
economic aid in emergencies are
desirable in and of themselves;
but resistance to Communism
must be indigenous, prompted by
the thoughts and feelings of the
natives themselves and their at
traction to some alternative , way
of life. ....
The "agonizing reappraisal" of
foreign policy promised with re
spect to Europe, has been needed
for a long time as to Asia. The
SEATO solution is "agonizing"
without being a "reappraisal."
NAVY GIVES HELP
SAN DIEGO, Calif, (fl The
South of Broadway Assn. at its
luncheon meeting reached the time
to pledge allegiance to the flag.
But no flag. A member looked out
the window, spotted a destroyer
tender in' the harbor with the
Stars and Striper flying. Memb
ers turned right-face, yed the
distant ; flag and pledged allegi
ance. : 1 . ; 7
i
Sarving Salem. and Vicinity
as Funeral Directors
for 24 Years i
Convenient location, 8. Commercial
street; bus line; direct rouf to ca
meteries no cross traffic. Hew
modern building . seating up to
300. Service arithin your means. 1
Girl Critically
Hurt in Water
Slmng Mishap
NEWPORT BEACH, Calif., (UP)
A pretty 17-year-old high school
honor student was fighting for her
life Saturday with the principal
danger from severe injuries - to
her. left lung. f
Doom Sorenson has not yet been
told that her arm was severed at
the shoulder in a water . skiing
accident in Newport Bay- last
Wednesday. She and her . high
school companion from Glendale,
Calif., bad fallen from their skis
and were swimming to shore when
a careening speedboat bounced off
the outboard that had been pulling
the water skiing couple and struck
Donna before it plowed into the
beach.
: The quick-thinking of a doctor
was credited with saving Donna's
life. Dr. James Britton rushed to
her aid and applied a tourniquet
to the girl's shoulder. -7
Newport Beach police termed
the mishap an accident and didnt
press charges against Mrs. Clau
dia Hotson who was driving the
speedboat Her husband, Hugh,
said his craft glanced against the
side : of the outboard and then
veered out of control. I
, Scientists say most fish need
company and a single gold fish
in a bowl can become a mental
case from loneliness: . I .
: i i
Virgil T. Goldea
' 1 : . - . .,
, CTCDV DG . I
B smart ... an joy gtactous lfr- , - j J ;
iag aad hospitable entertaining 1 1
with lovely AJwsti enriching II
yoar table oa avety occsiUm. A I
Skaooav AVh ni
55-pc. service fcr Bfs-x' il
pur riov 4
. State and liberty Phone 4-2224
VIRGIL T. GOLDEN
PopeComole
Polio Victims
CASTELGAmoi.FtV ItaW TTM
Pope Pius Xil Saturday urged
polio victims to have courage be
cause through their sufferings they
may attain a "human value which
perhaps they never would have
reached in normal circumstances.
The 78-year-old Pope spoke - to
about 900 delegates of the Third
International Polio Conference who
attended a special audience at his
summer resident The polio con
ference ended yestrday. v-i
' 6 wail fitatesaw
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