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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 16, 1953)
I. M'' 2-: TH F j r i J I J !irosifiirP a2e of Th or iP B S ems aces WEEK i M eace IHafjeyt lh 1 ! . ...I.. , : ft.... ... ..". ,.., .. ; ! ,. Reds Will Hammer W Wesfern Unity Bt WIUJAM RYAN Associated Press Foreign News Analyst THE United Nations General Assembly meets Monday to try to find a way to solve the insoluble, to make ".the impossible become possible. The delegates will be preparing for a political conference on the future of Korea. But in this conference, each key word will mean a cliff er- ent thing to each side. The two sides will not even be ' agreed on the meaning of 'the word "peace." S Around every corner is' a dead end street. Behind every - disagreement lurks the threat of a new shooting war. In Jhe background are staggering problems, economic and -political, upon whose solution depends the number of friends the United States will have) left in the world. And always there will be the monotonous oibli gato of abuse, threats, bombast and cajolery, the never silent weapons of the Communists' permanent war on western ways of life. : Political Conference j Some time before Oct 27, a political conference : is to; be called under the terms of! the Korean armistice. Both the Unit ed Nations side and! the Com munists say the conference 'will concern itself with unification tit the Korean nation. But -agreement ends there. Even the U.N. allies them selves are not agreed upon what precise ly is meant or how the aims , ' should be ac-'.complished. - - The Chinese William t. Ky art are interested in aiding the "Korean peoples democratic republic" That means a satellite Communist state. The United Nations fought for three years to keep the Korean penin sula from being transformed in its entirety into a Communist satellite. The United States has author lzed 200 million dollars, j and plans to appropriate a bilijpn in ill, for ewnomic.reconstruTon of Korea. Does thia include North Korea?' The Soviet gov r"f Wnment has announced the ap- DroDriation of a billion rubles (200 million dollars by Russian exchange calculations) for eco nomic reconstruction of Korea. Does this include South Korea? Curious Omission And in this respect, there iwas a curious omission in the Soviet announcement, which brings up even more mysterious questions. Premier Georgi Malenkov, Idl ing the Supreme Soviet about it last week, referred jonly to! the "heroic Korean peoples." ; Has the North Kjorean Com munist purge anyj connection with this odd omission by the Soviet premier? Didjthe Chinese manage to throw out the Mus covite Communists rom Pyong yang, and if so, w4y? Aret the Chinese .suddenly determined to assert their authority in Asia independently of Mdscow? i Do the Chinese ! belie ve the Russians will be forced, willy hilly, to give them ijie economic and military aid they need in any event, so that they can risk such a political offense to Mos cow? Will the Chinese, start the Korean war all ovfer again to force Moscow to come tnrougn? Someone Wanted Peace , Somebody on thej Communist side wanted the Korean armis tice badly enough to push for it steadily j through a number of incidents, any one of which would have eiven the Conimu nists an excuse if hey wanted one to tall the whole thing off. Who was so insistent the Rus sians or the Chinese? If the; war .was a tiresome drain on the Russians, might they not have ,forced iton the Chinese? Or did 'the Chinese balk at further: ex penditure of money and man power ; without the vastly stepped up assistance theyi ap parently; did not get from! the Russians? j What are Chinese intentions In North, Korea, Malaya, Burma and elsewhere in Aia, not; ex cluding Japan?1 There- has been much talk of confining ; the Korean conference) to Korea alone, but 1s it possible to lift .Korea out of the Asian land world picture? I And what , aboutj all talk of unification? Will either side jbow to the other on what form it should take? The Uhited States, for example, has initialled, sub ject to Senate rajtificatioa, a mutual (security treaty jwith touth Korean President Syng taan Rhee. How can this be iquared with unificition, unless J A is under Rhee,f which; the Communists surely! will not ac cept? I - The Troop Question V ' , The pact provide for basing Amrirn trnnrM in ICnreaj but ny proposals in the political J 'inference on the country's fu-l Date? Monday, August 17 U.N. General Assembly convenes in New York. Tuesday, August IS Anniversary (366th), birth of Virginia Dare, first child of English parents born in America. Wednesday, August 19 National Aviation Day. Saturday, August 22 Anniversary (89th) Inter national Red Cross, Geneva. Sunday, Aurust 23 Birth'day (70th), Gen. Jonathans M. Wainwright. ture arc sure to stipulate with drawal of . foreign troops on either side of the truce line. Can, the United Nations risk the assumption that the Com munists will not start the war again in their own good time? If not, can the U. N. withdraw troops and leave South Korea open once again to an invasion? Yet, is unification possible with out withdrawal of troops? Sixteen members of the U. N. signed a declaration pledging prompt resistance to any re newed armed attack in Korea. Next time, they say, it may not be possible to confine the fight ing to Korea's borders. The South Korean president considers the Americans com mitted to support. South Korea if the political conference breaks down in its 90-day trial period. He, says he is determined to fight on alone, if necessary. The United States holds itself com mitted only to walk out on the political conference after 90 days if the Communists show bad faith or exploit the confer ence. The British say the U. N. declaration commits them to no definite course of action other than consultation in the event of a renewed attack. Who will make the decision with regard to whether the Com munists are exploiting the con ference or showing bad faith? If the conference does break down, what is the alternative? More shooting? Who will take part in the con ference? Can the United States, for example, negotiate with Communist China when Wash ington does not recognize the existence of a Chinese Commu nist government? Will it be con fined to belligerents, and is China a belligerent when she insists the millions of Chinese troops in Korea were "people's volunteers"? Is the Soviet Union a belligerent by virtue of supplying the Chinese? Sejwyn Lloyd, the British minister of state, arriving for the U. N. meeting, said he would like to "keep all controversial and acrimonious .topics" out of the U.N. discussions on Korea. Now what the world waits to hear is this: What questions are not controversial or adrimonir ous? GUNS AND r zz3 tmr ' ; n Wm x I PGD f w mtt i 7 X propaganda has been packages of meat, canned milk Despite recurring waves and road blockades of Berlin, tinued to slip across zone Berlin to get the free food Telief packages were given The Reds confiscated all the packages tney could lay -hands on. They told East Germans it was "infected food," impregnated with American Gold Basis of Trade Gold continues to flow out of the United States as other na tions notably Britain and western Germany build up gold and dollar reserves. Western European countries are generally improving their trade balances their exports showing mor.ey gains as their imports are held down. The National Foreign Trade Council estimates that this year might show a gain of 2 or 2 Vt billion dollars in other nations' gold and dollar reserves, on the basis of transactions with the United States alone. Foreign countries have drawn more than one billion dollars from the American gold stock since December. The. U.S. Treas ury, however, has more than 22 billion dollars in gold, about IV billion lower than last year. In addition to the gold that other countries have been get ting from the United States 'as their trade improved, they have also been investing in U.S. secur ities. The U.S. Treasury reported that at the end of April, foreign owned short term dollar assets topped the nine billion dollar mark for the first time. But, says the International Monetary Fund, no amount of reserves can be adequate to finance a chronic or continuing imbalance in a country's pay ments. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York says: "General cur rency convertibility will depend upon progress toward a better pattern of production and trade, not only among the European countries, but also between them 1 and the rest of the world." BUTTER iwm-vr4- r,C? il . V-F ft 1 -V- - :. 'U - A . shot full of holes by little and fats worth $1.19 each. of ried threats, arrests, rail hungry East Germans con and sector borders into West parcels, in 15 days, z.lld.DUU away. polio germs but the con ARTS & Fission & Fusion The next fortnight will have American radioactivity detection devices scanning world skies for proof of Russia's boast that it has the hydrogen bomb. A well known atomic scien tist. Dr. Ralph Lapp of Wash ington, D. C, declared that Rus sia actually may have conducted a-"small scale" test of a primi tive H-bomb late last week small scale insofar as the hydro gen end of it, but conceivably involving a triggering atomic bomb 10 times as powerful as the one dropped on Nagasaki. - Dr Lapp estimated it would take at least a week for this nation's detection devices to verify such an event. While the United States has never said how it detected the first Soviet A-blast in 1949, Lapp suggested America's network for scenting the atmosphere for radioactivity from Nevada tests probably had global arms ex tending right up to the Iron Curtain. Reaction to" Soviet Premier Malenkov's claim was varied. Much of it was on the skeptical side. One effect of the Russian an nouncement was to jar loose what seemed like the first con firmation of speculation that the United States had unlocked the secret of the H-bomb. Rep. Van Zahdt (R-Pa), voic ing suspicion of the Red claim, said: "Why, we didn't know we had one (an H-bomb) ourselves until last October when we ex ploded a hydrogen device." The United States never has claimed it had the H-bomb nor even disclosed how close it might be to that accomplish I I . Tils . M - BITTERSWEET K - I z .- fiscated foodstuffs, repacked by the Reds, turned up later in communist state-owned stores at exorbitant prices. The Reds banned all listening by East Germans to RIAS, the U.S. State Department radio transmitter in West Berlin and to make that order effective opened a new jamming network to black out American programs. The radio counterattack obviously was prompted by fear that slowdowns now crippling production in strategic? East German industries might flare into a new anti-Red revolt. RIAS broadcasts were an important source of in formation for leaders of the June 17 uprising. SCIENCES ment, although there has been strong speculation that a hydro gen device was actually de tonated during A-bomb tests at Eniwetok last fall. Modicino Two federal medical author ities agreed there is ifo evidence that cancer or heart disease is more likely to strike Congress men than others. , Dr. John R. Heller, director of the National Cancer Institute, called the death of four senators from cancer in the past two years "unusual" because, he said, the normal expectancy would be about one Senate can cer death in that period. Dr. R. C. Arnold, acting di rector of the National Heart In stitute, said death from heart disease of 13 members of the Senate and House in the past two years is not an unusual number among that many men. Members of Congress who died recently of the diseases in Quotes Gen. Mark W. Clark, U.N. commander of troops in Ko rea: "If the truce is broken, I would favor using any and every weapon at the disposal of my country." Dr. Hugo Eckener, Ger man designer of Zeppelins, on his 85th birthday: "It would be foolish to build new dirigibles (in the" jet age). It would be very much like a covered wagon trying to" compete with a truck." t ooo A iv'f REPORT eluded Sens. Robert A. Taft (R-Ohio) and Brien McMahon (D-Conn) of cancer; and Sens Charles W. Tobey (R-NH) and Willis Smith (D-NC) of heart trouble. Meanwhile in Washington a doctor close to the situation says it's now possible that the orig inal site of the spreading cancer that killed Sen. Taft may re main a mystery. The doctor, completely fa miliar with the medical history of the case,-said a partial post mortem report concerning the "gross" findings that is, those resulting from visual examina tion -was as follows: "Disseminated cancer pri mary site and type undeter mined." The doctor said if the orginal cancer could not be identified on the basis of obvious findings on gross examination, he didn't believe it would be clarified by microscopic examination of the tissues. Nose Computer The United States got Its 160th millionth person about 10 a.m. last Monday almost 9 mil lion above the official Census figure of three years ago. That's the verdict of a 10-foot high machine ticking away in the-lobby of the Commerce De partment in Washington. Census officials arranged a special cere mony to mark the event The machine records a net gain of one person every 12 seconds. It figures on a birth every 8 seconds and a death every 21 seconds. It also takes into account the number of per sons entering and leaving the country. f HARDLY AN ALL I; S. Orci'f ticy O Foreign fcace By J. M. ROBERTS! JR:, Associated Presa'Newa Analyst AMERICAN business was watching closely this week tci see wftether President Eiserfioweiij would follow the even-steven pattern of congressijpnal appointments to his new Foreign Economic Policy Cotnmission, or whether he would attempt to load it.r " I 1 ' 'I ' .Amid the constant Clamor ffom allroad, especially from Britain and Europe, for freer j Am ercan. markets to meet the situation created by the U.S. position as their universal creditor, the President suggested tlie cofhmission make a thorough investigation of the whofe situation. Saga Leap to Freedom A former Russian school teacher drank a toast this week on the fifth anniversary of her leap to fseedom from a ledge of the Soviet consulate in New York. The toast was drunk in beer - not vodka. Mrs. Oksana Kasenkina; 57, Is now a very different person from the frenzied little teacher who plunged from a third-floor con sulate window to avoid being returned to Russia. She now has an apartment in the Jackson Heights section of New York City and is a pro spective American citizen. She is "so happy, it is hare' to believe." No Fear Now "When I first moved to this neighborhood," said Mrs. Kasen kina, "I was nervous and afraid. I never left, the house alone. I spoke through interpreters. Life was empty. "I have been without inter preters for two years now. I drive my car to the supermarket every day and chat with the ether women. I do not jump every time the telephone rings. The Venetian blinds in her four-and-a-half room apartment are open wde in the daytime. A special police siren once kept at her bedside now-gathers dust in a hall closet. Mrs. Kasenkina's weekly schedule is full. A few days a week an English teacher drops in to polish up her vocabulary, In spare time she paints. The living-room walls are covered with landscapes and religious paintings, all her own work. , Paints Landscapes She lives on royalties from a book, occasional painting sales and private funds. 1 Her sister, Eugenia, a nurse in England, is the only member of her family still alive. Eugenia has promised to join Mrs. Kas enkina in New York. One of the things Mrs. Kasen kina prays for is that the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service will move up her citizen ship examination. It would speed her personal "five year plan' for Americanization. Under existing law, she can not be naturalized before May 14, 1956. It was on May 14, 1951 that she obtained her certificate for permanent residence in. this country. The law says an alien must have five years such resi dence before being eligible for citizenshiD. ' Mrs. Kasenkina filed her "first papers the notice of inten tion to seek naturalization in New York In May, 1952. Mrs. Kasenkina gave no In dication of the broken leg and pelvis she suffered in her leap for freedom as she stood, small and erect, for her toast. "It is a very special day," she said. "I feel like an American. want to act like one." ( A II Rig hta Reserved, A P N rwMjeaXurtt) 1 AMmmmsm. rtMiw Mttm - OUT EFFORT , The administration Is already known tp be for freer trade. But the President is expected to rely heavily n thej commission's re port in formulating a legislative progranf on jthe -subject. Tha commission is to report 60 dayi after Cf ngress re-convenes in Januaryi j - - j Commission Appointments I Vice iPresident Nixon and Speakerl Martin have now made their appoint ments to tha commission, five memberi from each house. From - t inc ncnair, 4 Milliken and i- ' i are "tronj 1 1 ; pro tection- f V.. ists, Byrd and 4 - George sup- j. M. Rofetrfi, Jf.' porters of r eciprocal trade, and Bush with an open record but- leaning protection ist. From the House, Reed and Simpson are strong protection-' ists, Cooper and Richards strong for reciprocal trade, Vorys aq ia-and-outer. j jjThis gives the protectionist! k slight but not invariable edge, jThe President is to appoint seven members. They could all be freer . traders. But thai would be out of character with his announced intention of per suading Congress rather than trying to use a bludgeon, j m ' Two Reports ; The nature of , the problem and the complexion of the con gressional appointments make it almost .certain there will be two reports from the opposing standpoints. The President is looking for all the information available on which to base a sound program which will pro tect (American business where needed and still open American markets to her friends abroad as far as economically possible. The odds were, then, that Ei senhower's appointments would serve either to balance the Com mission,, or f give the freei traders just enough edge so that theirs would be the majority report. He will also have an eye to giving foreign relations their full ; weight Jin. the considera tions, as against a study based solely on straight economics. Foresee Battle i Lines are forming for a bittei battle as the Commisison starts work, and in the subsequent legislative process. - v ; j The freer traders, responding to foreign appeals, largely from the British, started their cam paign long ago. They include many of the great exporters and Importers. With Henry Ford II as perhaps their biggest gun, they made-most of the noise for a long time. The banner has been carried by the United States Council of the Interna-. tional Chamber of Commerce. ; They argue that if the United States doesn't do something other nations will have to ex tend their f restrictions on dol lar purchases, and thereby put the pressure on them to trade with the Soviet sphere will be Increased. Ford and other big manufacturers have expressed full confidence in their own Hititv in mt n V mmrulitiAn j in this country which may re sult. . I. ut , 1 . : i The- list of protectionists is nearly a long as the list of in dustries! large (or small, which would rfm int4 direct competi tion.! Members of Congress from ( coal,! oiland copper areas have spoken against itariff reductions. Small industries of all sorts ar forming associations and pre paring Jo hire lobbyists for their de Sense j j 1 : inev jninic wiey won a Dig battle thjis year by creating an . atmosphere in which the Ad ministration was afraid to move until it 4ad taken steps, such as the wor of the Poljicy Commis sion, td establish that It was not going of halfrCpcked under for eign pressure, But a the recent United Na tions travle conferences in Ge neva, 1 t the Jnternational Chambel of Commerce meeting in Viehlia, in j the reports , of clinical investigators such as the Brookinji. Institution, as well as in the foreign chancelleries. the demand for change was pa- tently gjwing. - I i