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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 16, 1953)
2 (Sec I) Statesman, SaSemu Jet Expert Plans, To ''-Firm Missiles' Into Otter Space ' (Story alit on page one) PASADENA, Calif. (JP) IEscoverer of supernova e, the violent explosions is which stars deslroy themselves, a scientist will be ready in a few months to fir$ missiles from the earth into (pace that will never return. He is- rife. Fritz Zwicky, astrophysicist of the California Institute of Technology and the Carnegie Institution', in Washington, and one of the nation's top authorities on jets and Many laboratory tests, by otter scientists as well as by Dr. Zwicl. have demonstrated that a certain kind of explosive, shaped in a cei tain way and lined rwith a tMn sheet of metal, can produce mis-! sues of such terrific speed that tny will leave the earth and go on In definitely into space. f This requires a projectile speid of at least seven miles per secoc3. or 23,000 miles an hour. Speeds greater than this are easily obtain able, Dr. Zwicky says, by impr Ing the design of the explosise charge and the metal liner. He calls the process ultraflight. ft One group of researchers has re ported achieving a speed of ab?et 55 miles a second. So there is pcia -er and speed to spare. Jf The shooting probably will t be done in this country, because objections have been raised fin some quarters that it might fii danger people. .- Either the Sahara Desert or Eli tain's great 3,000-mile rocket range in Australia are likely spots. tt$r. Zwicky reported in an interviefv he has the necessary permission from both French and Australian authorities. jf Cone-Shaped Missile -jl The remarkable explosive, male from commercially available sub stances, is packaged into a cortt shaped missile which produces ;a Jet effect when set off. The hal low cone is lined with the thfn sheet of metal. I The blast breaks this metal info little pieces which form a jet Is they " come out the ,big end M the cone at; terrific speed. The metal becomes the projectile. This is not a new idea. Its prin ciple w used 'during' World War II to give the bazooka, a one-min tank killer, its striking power. But the explosive used in bazookas was not potent enough to drivers missile at the escape velocity. f In some instances the faster ne explosive may have to be toned down a bit in order to get tie most out of it. Anything faster than a speed of about seven miles per second would be wasteful. Even so. Dr. Zwicky already 9s talking about a still more power ful explosive. He has made sug gestions which may give chemists .means of increasing the powjr of this wicked blast two hundred fold, li Bigger Missiles , If this ultra-explosive stuff evr becomes available, scientists will he able to hurl bigger missiles wJSh I smaller charges. Dr. Zwicky's first j or less. With ultra explosives, tby might weigh pounds. Is Any bullet fired at seven miles per second through the relatively heavy lower part of the atmosphef e would burn itself up while travel ing a few feet. pi So: Dr. Zwicky's charges wll havft to be lifted above the lower atmosphere before they are set off. For this he needs high altitude bal loons such as have been used ir cosmic ray research. ; These balloons go up 20 miles fr more. Their cargo of charges wod have to be fired automatically 3r ground. : Above the 20-mile level the fir Is too thin to heat the projec?le j to the glowing point but it mist glow in order to be observed. The scientist has solved tis problem by fashioning the cage-, shaped liners to contain substances which will heat them internally j to incandescence by chemical ic tion. i Nature of Atmosphere The initial shots may give ob servers an opportunity to lesrn more definitely the physical and chemical nature of the incredibly thin atmosphere 20 to 200 mjfes up. s One missile might contain a sab stance which reacts violently wth ozone, a fofm of oxygen. There! is a layer of ozone about 60 mfes up which prevents the extremfly - ... ' -'.krjj. A' : Serving Sam and aricinity M 4 as Funeral Dirxfbrs for 24 Yan - i Convexfeflt location, S. Commercial street; bus line; direct eut to ce meteries bo cross fcrifficl New -modern building sealing up to 300. Service within youj? means. '" '.-! VJMGIL T. Ore Sunday, Aua. 18, 1853 long and extremely short rays of the sun from reaching the earth. It probably saves people fem be ing slowly sun-tanned to death. A bullet that would set fire to a little spot in the ozone layer might tell scientists much about what oth er substances exist there. All sub stances when burning give off light of characteristic colors by which observers can identify them. Also observers for the first time will be able to stand behind a meteor and watch as it speeds in a straight line directly away from them'. Magnetic Field If it veers a little to one side or the other it will give scientists their first real picture of the workings of the earth's electrical and mag netic fields on the substances which make up the atmosphere. Any projectile that strays off hor izontally from a balloon instead of climbing out of the gravitation al field might for a time become a satellite of the earth, but not for long. It would travel in a slightly curved orbit for a few hundred miles and then fall. To establish a useful earth satel lite would require a far larger projectile and if would have to be carried hundreds of miles up be fore being shot into space. Dr. Zwicky said. A series of powerful rockets would be needed. A better idea, the astrophysicist added, might be to send out into space something that would start a nuclear reaction in some minor planet or asteroid. In Dream Stage Experimenters, he said, might count upon the nuclear blast to burn up a small part of the aster oid, and in doing so give it a kick that would change its orbit and cause it to move closer to earth This is all in the dream stage so I far, however. j Any projectile large enough to ; nrndno an ohsrvhl hlat nn ! Jupiter would have to be fairly ; bulky, but- Dr. Zwicky said one of I his larger creations might do it. m m - . . ) Traveling at 25.000 miles an hour it would need about two years to get there. The atmosphere of Jupiter Is mainly methane and ammonia, both i combustible gases. But since there is no oxygen there to support com bustion the missile would have to carry its own supply. At that, the fire would go out as soon as the little oxygen was used up. but Dr. Zwicky said it 'av , i.'.k k; ..,, k. c.n thmnoh i,r t.!.gmu Aiming at such distant targets would require very high preci sion. A shot at the moon would be pretty easy. Dr. Zwicky said, bui the projectile to be seen would have to land on the darkened part of its face, during the new moon or first quarter. It should reach its destination about 10 hours after fir ing. Amateur astronomers with good sized telescopes would be asked to watch for the landing flash. This projectile also would have to con tain something to produce incan descence. So far as known there is nothing on the moon's, surface that will burn, and there is no oxygen Then Call LESTER DeLAPP FOR THE BEST IN MOVING 1115 N. Commercial St. Phone 2-1750, 3-4964 (Agents for Lyon) t - -V f Til 1 VlrxU X. Coldest GOLDEN Investigation Plea Made By McCarthy . (Story Also on Page One) WASHINGTON ( Sen. lie Carthy (R-Wir Saturday wrote to the American Society of News paper Editors suggesting they in vestigate his charge that James Russell Wiggins, Managing Edi tor of the Washington Post, has "prostituted and endangered" freedom of the press. Wiggins, who recently was a member of an ASNE group which investigated McCarthy's closed door questioning of James A. Wechsler, editor of the New York Post, issued T minority report say ing that the senator's action was a threat to freedom of the press. The letter McCarthy made pub lic Saturday was addressed to the seven members of the ASNE com mittee who did not sign the mi nority statement Paul Block Jr. co-publisher of the Toledo (Ohio) Blade and the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette; Raymond L. Crow ley, managing editor' of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch; William H. Fitzpatrick. associate editor of the War Street Journal; George W. Healy Jr.. editor of the New Or leans Times-Picayune; L. D. Hotch kiss, editor of the Los Angeles Times; Joseph W. Lee, editorial director of the Topeka (Kan.) State Journal, and James S. Pope, executive editor of the Louisville Courier-Journal and Times. Joined Wiggins Editors who joined with Wiggins in criticizing McCarthy were Her bert Brucker, editor of the Hart ford (Conn.) Courant; William M. Tugman, editor of the Eugene (Ore) Register-Guard, and Eugene S. Pulliam Jr., managing editor of Uk Indianapolis News. Enclosed with McCarthy' letter to the seven editors was an Aug. 19 editorial from the Washington Post referring to the ASNE report and to the questioning of Wechsler last April 24 and May 5 by the Senate investigation subcommittee head ed by McCarthy. The editorial said Wechsler was summoned before the subcommit tee "under the pretext" of ques tioning about books of his in the state Department's overseas libra ries but that he "was subjected to intensive interrogation about edi torials in his newspaper critical of Senator McCarthy." "Deliberate Falsity1 McCarthy's letter to the seven editors said that, since they had examined the testimony they wuld "rd$f recoffniie the com-! anu ueuo"die "'ailJ Ul cnarge. "nKtr: Obviously, It would have been improper to call an editor for the purpose of questioning him about editorials critical of the chairman of the committee," McCarthy wrote. The Wisconsin senator has main tained that Wechsler, one of his severest critics, was summoned for questioning as part of the subcom mittees probe of the overseas in formation program. McCarthy Fails In St. Louis, Managing Editor Crowley of the Post - Dispatch speaking for himself and not the committee, said: "It is quite obvious that Ren. McCarthy, if he did intend, through the Wechsler inquisition, to silence the voice of editorial criticism and to intimidate editors,' has failed miserably. "For him to demand that the ASNE make itself in effect a sub committee of McCarthy's group for the purpose of accomplishing this suppression and intimidation ii too ridiculous for words." In Toledo. Ohio. Paul Block Jr., a co-publisher of the Toledo Blade and Toledo Times, issued this state ment: "If Mr. Wiggins had one-tenth 1 J - ' Grace V,' 4' , ,1 r. tt, 44ea CO. Church Gomes By GEORGE W. CORNELL I NEW YORK Ml With the bitter words far behind, American church es today have finally come to terms with aa old bugaboo Dar win's theory, of human evolution. It's been a gradual,' quiet pro cess in recent times, that only lately has reached a general ac cord. ' : "Nearly all ministers have come to see that there is no conflict be tween evolution i and divine crea tion. said Dr. Robert T. Handy, professor of church history at Un ion Theological Seminary. Tbey recognize that any real contribution to knowledge or to .un derstanding of life is an addition to the truths of God." As the reconciliation grew. Pope Pius XII in 1950 issued an encycli cal. "Huraani Generis," giving church recognition for the first time to the possibility of physical human evolution. "The church has an open mind on the subject," said Father Roger G. Franklin of SL Joseph's (Roman Catholic) Seminary, Yongers, N.Y. 'Taps' Leaves Empty Flats RIO DE JANEIRO (JP) The new American embassy office building in Rio de Janeiro has eight lovely apartments which ap parently aren't going to see much use thanks to red tape. The eight apartments occupy two up per floors of the 12-story, $2,800, 000 building, which was opened for use in April. They were in tended to be used by newcomers who were looking for apartments of their own, or by touring guests or diplomats. But soon after the opening, a ruling came down from some where about the use of the apart ments. For "security" reasons, couples with children would not be allowed to use them only sin gle persons or childless couples. So about the only occupants for the apartments, aside from an oc casional visitor, have been a few newly - arrived secretaries. The story goes that they would prefer a hotel near one of Rio'i famous beaches. of Senator McCarthy's political astuteness, and if Senator McCar they had any part of Mr. Wiggins' concern for our American ways, I don't believe we would be con tinuing this investigative farce with another publicity stunt concocted for our Sunday newspaper read- ers." HE At UP-TO-THE-MINUTE NEWS Every Saturday and Sunday j jt;:..l.;:-v 5 Its certainly plain to see . . . I I i f Ctewtet teidk -',111 - - 4 i-emMMiiA m-mmmm ' - w . i 9 j ' J -s j- riesir.'iw wfmm' m mm-. ' - tn4- iif'm0mmmJ' 'nmn " i " " t v rv i mim jjjsS "' ' - ' for the best buy -buy now NoVs the time to buy. Come in and see how little it will cost to own a thrifty new Chevrolet truck that's just right for your job! Find out how much you'll save with lower prices, lower operating costs and traditionally higher resale value. You'll find you're money ahead in every way by buying a Chevrolet truck now! So, before you buy any truck, get our deal on a Chevrolet! 510 N. Commercial To Terms With The teaching of the church does not forbid investigation of the question (evolution) in regard to the human body, but insists the soul is created,, immediately by God. In such discussions, biblical texts are to be given their due authority, along with anthropological evi dence." Neitherall church leaders nor all scientists accept Darwin's theory en toto. But whatever their views, what once seemed a blunt, bead-on clash' of beliefs has melted away. No Contradiction ."There is no contradiction, as we see it," said Rabbi Dr. John Tepf er. of Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion. "Evolution itself may be part of God's indirect revelation. It does not detract from the Bible as an inspired ethical document, whose every utterance of wisdom and thought was revealed by the Dei ty" The religious scholars said only a few intense fundamentalists and traditionalists still view evolution as directly inconsistent with the scriptures. The present attitude represents a change not only among religious leaders, but also among scientific expounders of Darwin's theory, some of whom at first claimed it upset the idea of divine creation. "Evolution begins and ends with the purposes of God." writes noted zoologist Henry Fairfield Osborn. "It destroys the bad and 'favors the good." ' la Sharp Contrast But the general amity that has evolved between the two fields is In sharp contrast to the controver sy that raged, and then simmered for years. As historian Bert J. Lowenberg put it, "Charles Darwin fired a shot heard round the theological world." His theory, first published In 1859, that man evolved through na tural selectivity and adaptation io conditions, was seen as a slap at the account of creation in the Book of Genesis. "It seemed that all the founda tions of religion were being shak en." Handy said. Protestant, Jewish and Catholic leaders denounced what they call ed the "infidel doctrine. Some scientists, in turn, made attacks on established religious institutions. Minority of Liberals "At first, it was only a small minority of liberals who had the vision to see above the dogmatism on both sides," Handy said. "Their leadership grew into a general trend in our present century." Men like the poet Emerson and writer Thoreau were early media- j cisely and eloquently as in the Bi tors. arguing no, superficial mira-;ble. ABOUND THE CLOCK ABC Radio Network i- DOUGLAS Street Evolution Idea cles were reeded to ! prove God's pre-eminence. Ministers like Hen ry Ward Beecher and Lyman Ab bott emphasized the: idea of. an ever-present spiritual 'force in any natural truths. Philosopher John Fiske provided the oft-quoted ex planation: "Evolution is God's way of do ing things." Schoolteacher Trial The clash erupted into the famous 1925 trial of schoolteacher John Thomas Scopes for violating Ten nessee law . by teaching the the ory on grounds itj "denies the story of the divine creation of man." But in the ensuing years, through the depression and World War II, anti-evolution laws like the ones in Tennessee. Florida and Mississippi quietly died. Many biologists modified Dar win's idea of strict survival of the fittest, conceding that elements of newness evidently entered at cru cial periods of world history. Some, like biologist Frank L. Marsh, held "special creation" of man in ac cord with scientific findings. "The facts of genesis." he says, "not only find complete harmony with the facts of nature, they also penetrate and explain the myster ies of the -future." -Warning Issued Pope Pius, while approving re search into the possibility of man s bodily evolution, warned against "pantheistic speculations" that dis tort God's true nature. (Pantheism sees God only as an element in all nature, and not as a supreme power with an active will regarding man.) Handy, a Baptist, said that "even many conservatives who adhere to a liberal interpretation of the Bible now see no direct conflict between it and evolution. They note the re markable parallels." Both genesis and science, he not ed, offer the same chronology of events the earth without form the herbs and grass the sea monsters and fishes the fowl and land creatures and finally man, However, some fundamental Pro testants, some Catholics and some Orthodox Jews strongly oppose ev olution. "They say that genesis cannot be read as a somewhat symbolic ac count of creation, and that a day of God can't be an eon." Handy said. "They believe if you stand by the Bible, you must believe in fiat creation, not evolution, and that the world began only 3,957 years ago." Most others, he said, feel the genesis account stands unscathed by scientific findings, and that never has the story been told, whe ther by scientists cleric, so con This usors It's 1 McKAY CHEVROLET CO. 70Year-01d I Likes Golfing To Keep in Trim TARPON SPRINGS, Fla. P) Thirty-five years a mailman, Charles E. Renfroe, 70, frequent ly plays 36" holes of golf before making his daily IS-mile roflhd. 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