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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (June 22, 1953)
" V .. ' . 1. i . - " EJl rs d ' -4iSr. J WIN- it lie f - -' r f onnniairii .Revoff OITl D DIGS t vn- -7- S' WE -'" . . ----- -' V "I ejSh' d ft io Ta g m c s Uhd Fosf Germans Deal Recs Severe Blow THE anti-government demonstration in East Berlin this week may have started off as a carefully-rehearsed propaganda production. But things got out of hand. It soon developed into a wild revolt against the Communist-controlled government which spread like wildfire in the surrounding SdViet zone. Quaking East zone officials ended up barricaded behind protective Soviet cordons. Tmnns fired reneatedlv into the air and into the crowd. soviet mm tai v ium- mander in the East sector,. Maj. Gen. P. T. Dibrova, imposed martial law as the rioting ap proached full-scale rebellion. In efrect, Dibrova's order took au . witv out of the hands of the East Berlin puppet government and rolled the situation back to 1945 when the Russians ruled East Germany with their own iron hand. The demonstration was scarce ly three hours old when the " pblltburo of the East German .'Socialist Unity (Communist) ."party issued a communique re- voking a 10 per cent increase in r work norms set by the govern ment May 23. Under the ordinance, workers had to produce 10 per cent more for the same wages. The dispatch with which the onvpmmpnt issued its commu- nioue left little doubt it was in on the plans to organize me demonstration. Body Blow The revolt dealt a blow to the keystone of Communist propa ganda in Europe and it was clear somebody was going to have to pay for it. It exposed the fraud of Communist promises and un- HPRmrpd similar symptoms in other satellite countries Czech oslovakia and Bulgaria in par ticular. What happened in the streets of East Berlin knocked the props out from under the Soviet prop aganda for unity of Germany on Russian terms. It opened wider the eves of any West Germans who may have been swayed by the Communist line on Ger many. For the Soviet Union, the re volt was a big propaganda blow comparing, from the European noint of view, with the Korean aggression. Walter Ulbricht, feared hatch et man of Communism in East Germany, and secretary general of the Socialist Unity (Commu-ljury nist) party. looked like the log- ical "fall guy in .the aftermath. Ulbricht is the man who has transmitted Soviet laws to East Germans since the zone was transformed intb a "people's re public." He faces more danger from enraged Russians than he does from the bitterness of East Germans. The Socialist Unity party al ready was facing a purge. It now stands a good chance of being cleaned out from top to bottom by the Russians with a renewed vigor. The Russians have never trusted their German collabora tors. Thev will trust them even less from here on in. The German worker is a stolid and patient man, who puts up with a great deal and follows the leader up to a point.. The Breaking Point In East Berlin, the breaking point was reached. The back ground for the revolt was aus terityresulting from attempts to meet excessive Russian de mands. East Germany, long a rich agricultural breadbasket, has been in the grip of food shortages for many months. largely because of industrializa tion forced upon the country by Soviet rule. Almost ! all foods vegetables, meat, butter, margarine and even potatoes have been scarce. East German youths have been recruited, for service in the People's S police" and taught to dishonor elders and country. The Russian drive to build up the "people's police" met steadt- ly growing opposition which fi nally reached the point .where; the organization had' to be' purged to eliminate "undesira bles. Factory workers, against their will, have been given weapons training at special firing ranges.1 Attendance has been compulsory and refusal to attend, was pun ishable by loss of jobs. Even the Communist press in East Ger many testified to the unpopular ity of this particular campaign. In East German factories, the Soviet industrial speed-up was pushed to such an extent safety regulations i went by the board and the accident rate skyrock eted. The same thing Has been true in the mining industry particularly uranium. West German authorities pre dicted a new and possibly drs matic move on the: part of the Russians as a result of the re volt. Some thought ' the Soviets might make concrete proposals .to unify Berlin. v i - Judicial Furor After 13 hours spent studying the record in the Rosenberg case, Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas granted a stay of execution to the condemned atom spies. The government immediately moved for a reversal of Justice Douglas' opinion by the entire Supr-- Court bench. Attorney General Herbert Brdwnell called Douglas' action "unprecedented." Douglas issued an eight page statement saying: "I will grant a stay effective until a question of the applicability of the penal provisions of Section 10 of the Atomic Energy Act to this case can be determined by the Dis- trict Court and the Court of Ap- peais in new xorKj, alter wnicn the question of a further stay will be open to the Court Of Ap peals or to 'a member of this court in the Usual manner. Douglas refused to issue a writ of habeas corpus which - would have required the government to prove its right to retain cus tody of the couple. Douglas' statement cited the text of the Atomic Energy Act and referred to a phrase which says the deatn penalty or me imprisonment may be imposed only upon recommendation of the trial jury nd only in cases where the offense was commit ted with intent to injure the United States. "It is apparent," Justice Doug las declared,- "upon the face of this law that the District Court in New York is without power to impose the death penalty ex cept on recommendation of the jury and where there was in tent to injure the United States, but neither of these conditions are satisfied in this case as the did not recommend the death penalty nor did the indict- riotingment c'--rge intent to injure the (United States." ' Douglas ruled that if the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 is applicable in the Rosenberg case, the U.S. District Court in New York acted unlawfully in im posing the death sentence NEWS BRIEFS Hinted: by the Communist- dominated world peace council often regarded as a mouth-; piece of the Kremlin that Mos cow may make more secondary concessions around the world in order to promote a big four meeting. Reversed: by the Supreme Court, . the perjury-conspiracy conviction of Harry Bridges, left-wing west coast longshore leader. Announced: by Oregon's inde pendent Sen. Wayne Morse, that he expects to campaign again for the Democrats in next year's Congressional elections. ' Sirned: by the National? Broadcasting Co. and Margaret Truman, daughter of the former President, a new contract call ing for nine radio and television appearances. Miss Truman will appear in singing and guest star! roles during the 1953-54 . season. She has been under contract with NBC since 1951. i Wiil 11 WS AGONY of three vears of blood-lettina in th.m aiMf an thair land normalcy BUILDUP BEHIND MOSCOW-TITO HARMONY By WILLIAM L. RYAN AMMiaM Prw Fraia (m Aaabnt V Yugoslavia's normalization of relations with the Soviet Union this week threw a spotlight on a long series of odd coincidences. At. .the "same time. President Tito's remarks m this regard left some un a n s w e r e d questions. Tito a n nounced that while e was happy that ' R u s s i a smiled on us," he would never again u ''. trust Moscow "100 per cent." The obvious question How far Moscow? does he trust today's Eupn allien often do Dates Monday, June 12 International Dairy Con gress convenes, The Hague. Wednesday, Jane 24 Senate Democrats to give luncheon for former Presi dent Harry S. Truman, Washington. . Lutheran Youth . Confer ence opens, Boston. ; Friday, June 2S Truman addresses Nation al" Reserve Officers Associa tion, Philadelphia. World Methodist Convo cation on Evangelism, Philadelphia. nil pmmm RYAN I i is:! Kera is plainly inscribed Thoir rohabilitatioR faces the , United Nations with a maior- aroblem. habilitation faces the United Nations with a mafor problem,, again. They are now partof world-wide legion of refugees-front not trust one another 100 per cent. Tto 'thus, whether he means to or not, opens up a field of speculation. v Suppose? for example, that rTito's expulsion from the Corn- inform was brought about by a clique in Moscow which now is 2 ..being uprooted.. Does that mean tthe Tito-Moscow break might be healed. Might the Russian smile develop into passionate wooing? Kremlin convulsion There have been indications of some sort of political con vulsion in Moscow after Stalin's death. The struggle for leaderr ship does not seem to have bn resolved. The convulsions in the satellite countries the purge of Romania's Ana Pauker and Czechoslovakia's Rudolf Slan sky, for example were part of a general struggle for power in 'the Communist world. And so! was . the expulsion of Tito in! 1948, for that matter. Titoism, which in brief meant opposition to Stalin, was at the root of the satellite purges. But; Stalin is gone now. The luster of his name is being gradually but unmistakably diminished in the Communist world. Gestures are being made to Mao Tze tung's leadership in China. Might there be a gesture to Tito's independent leadership in Yugoslavia? Many observers speculate that the revolt against Stalin began long before his death and before the Soviet . Communist Party Congress last October. The pres ent rules by. which the USSR's party and . government proceed were laid down ; last -October, and that, is when the coinci- dences began. - en th fac f theiM South Korean A month later, in November, the Yugoslav Communist Party itself held a congress. The Soviet party has a "new program." The Yugoslav party has a "new mode of work." The Soviet party changed, its name, dropped its politburo and substituted a presidium. The Yugoslav party changed its name, dropped its politburo and substituted an executive com mittee, another name for presid ium. The Soviet party began an insistent campaign for "demo cratic centralism," the Leninist principle by which decisions are thrashed out in party councils and then, upon adoption, become inviolable. The Yugoslav party announced that the principles of "democratic centralism" in par ty ranks would be strictly car ried out 'Coincidental' Revisions The Soviet party revised its statutes. The Yugoslav party re vised its statutes. The Soviet party named a revision commis sion. So did the Yugoslav. The Soviet party enlarged its central committee and provided for pro vincial representation ; in top bodies. So did the Yugoslav. All this was last autumn. After the death of Stalin, the Soviet party underwent some further changes, tightening up the rule among the few at the top. This week the ; Yugoslav party, convened to i clear "up problems 1 brought about by changes in. Belgrade's govern ment and party. , - . Bureaucracy Trimming The Soviet party has indicated it is giving government minis- .... . m-.-r civilians. War has loft permanent but they are net likely to know bwt the tyranny. tries and agencies more inde pendent power to cut down. the bad effects of a vast bureau cracy. The Yugoslav party has decreed a decentralization of authority with regard to the na tional, economy. Moscow and Belgrade still: may hate one another cordially.! Once before Moscow eased the pressure on Tito, back- in early 1951, with a four-power meeting of foreign ministers in prospect. The object, it was believed then, was to convince the West that the USSR was no aggressive threat to anyone. Now the pressure eases again. It could be that the prospect of another four-power meeting is the reason. But in dealing with Tito, perhaps the. West will call fo his attention the various co incidences, and: ask how far short of "100 per cent" he might trust the Muscovites. Quotes - . John Foster Dulles, Sec retary of State: "The West ern nations and the Soviet bloc will, remain in basic' conflict until the Commu nists are Willing to let free peoples live by moral law without coercion." - Sea. John Sparkman CD Ala.), in support of the Ad ministration's $5,318,000,000 foreign aid bill: We will need mutual defense- in Europe with of without 'the "European Defense Commu nity Pact." Ike Spells If Out For Capitol Hill ' By J. M. ROBERTS, JR. Associated Press News Analyst PRESIDENT EISENHOWER j returned to Washington this week after seven speeches in which he served no tice on one Congressional faction after another that there were some issues between thern and himself on which he was standing very firm. But he wasn t, he said quite clearly, going to get these issues. caught in a crossfire between Congress and the Executive. People could accuse him of lack of leadership if they, wanted, he suggested, but he was out to get things done by persuasion, within the checks and balances set up Naval Affair , The center of Interest at this week's royal ilaval review at Portsmouth, England was a trim Russian cruiser with canvas screens around part of its bridge and all of its gun turrets. Even Britain's, young Queen Elizabeth II gave the vessel close scrutiny when she sailed through the lines of warships from 16 nations, drawn up in impressive formation. V - The "British were obviously fascinated by the Russian ship, first Soviet war craft to appear in British waters since 1937. British naval officers admitted they admired the snappy man ner in which the Russian skipper brought his ship to its appointed nlar in the reviewing -line at Portsmouth. J A British officer wht went aboard revealed the Soviet cap tain maneuvered his ship by pushing little levers. He clanged no bells, shouted no orders down tubes and declined the, services of a British pilot, although the waters around Portsmouth are tricky to navigate. The Red cap tain did not seem to need charts, yet got to where he was sup posed to go in an incredibly short time. 1 The cruiser displaces about 13,000 tons. Some tiaval experts guessed it could hit a speed of 35 knots. It bristles with radar installations and a large number of optical range-finders. Several Allied naval officers who took a shrewd look at the cruiser, .expressed doubt that any revolutionary secrets were built into , the ship. They were more impressed by the show of good seamanship byi the Russian crew. Social Study Traditionally, anyone born within earshot of the bells of London's Bow Church Is a Cockney. A Cockney is also identified by the way he . treats the king's English. He ignores the letter "h." But the famous Cockney ac cent may be on the way out. A book prepared for London teachers says younger East End ers aren't dropping "h's" like they used to. "One rarely nears the more extreme forms of Cockney from younger adults, even in the noorest neighborhoods," the book reports. A Florida State University marriage and family researcher shows how to side step a touchy issue: Married women, reports Dr. Richard Klemer after a one-year study are a shade more beautiful than their bachelor sisters. That as a group. But the most beautiful Individuals seem to be single, he says. Dr. Klemer, who is married and knows how to stay on safe ground used two carefully matched groups of Florida women, one single, one married, in the experiment. Ages ranged from 30' to 39. The married women, in addition to being more , beautiful as a group were less denendent. says the doctor, and not so timid asslh gle women. .1 . f unaer .tne Constitution .for. the three branches of government. He reminded that Theodore Roosevelt was no "bull of the woods" in such matters either,' and that when he Rough Rider rah into rough riding within his own party he used cajolery and "many breakfasts." . ! V Explains Position . The President had been at pains, however, to explain" his posiuon io me people. All re to All ports indicated he was w'ell received. Whether or not he was at pains to dem onstrate to Congress that his popularity was undimin ished, numer ous commen tators esti mated that he didso. You couldn't ex- ROBERTS actly call the seven speeches an appeal to the people. They were more of an exposition, in tempered words. But he was out to get his ideas across, all right. His most uncompromising statements were in a complete rejection of isolationism in all its forms. He repeated and elab orated in no uncertain terms his press conference position, taken after Sen. Taft had suggested the U.S. forget the United Na tions in dealing with the Korean problem, that allied unity within the United Nations . was essen tial, that there was no such thing as partial unity. He stuck to hfe guns on his air program, repeating the claim that all his administration was trying to do was weed out ex pensive planning for planes in theory and do something about planes in fact Meanwhile, his opponents were hammering the idea that even planes in fact didn't mean much if the organ ization to handle them was de pleted by too much economy. Promotes Freer Trade Eisenhower also used the for eign cooperation issue to point up the need for his freer trads program and the money he has asked Congress to appropriate for foreign aid, both of which are running into tough sailing, f At old Dartmouth College's commencement the President defended the right of people to Nad anything that doesn't vio late their sense of decency. " "How will we defeat commu nism unless .we know what if is?" The President mentioned no names'as he went through thi list of issues on which he is be ing opposed to greater or lesser degree in Congress, all of them issues which affect his program on taxes, defense and foreign aid. But at Dartmouth he laid out a pair of shoes for what h called "book burners." McCarthy Response In Washington, Sen. McCarthy made motions indicating h thought the President was offer- ling him the shoes. But he said he didn't think the President was referring to him because "1 haven't burned any books." At his news conference. Secre tary of State Dulles admitted that, through improper imple mentation of McCarthy de mands, a few books removed from shelves on the libraries had actually been burned. Despite his ; avoidance of names, Eisenhower seemed to be drawing ever more clearly the lines of demarcation be tween his own ideas and those of some of his fellow party mem bers in Congress, Including Rep. Daniel Reed, who Is fighting the President's request for a . tem porary extension of .the excess profits tax.'., ; ' . And in spite of the President's avowal of purely persuasive in tent, observers were Wondering out loud whether there were not fundamental differences at some points which, some day, would have to be settled by means tougher than "many breakfasts.' and what effect Eisenhower's personal appearances before the public might have on that f 1 " Riatitt RcMrvetf.il P Ttewtfeatum) 1 - - - -- - - : - - - - - . - - mmmmammmmmm s s ihiu'i