: - ... , - :.: i. r ' .. - ' ....... .. , .--r.... .. - - s, - .:;.:.-.' ' -J ..... . . . , ' :- i. ..' i I L i. , ;, . : : i ... ....... ' . "- . . . ' . ' '
" i
J!
i
i :
1 1
Foreign AM Faces
Knife in Congress
ATOP problem for the Eisenhower Administration is how to
keep Congress from slicing too much oS appropriations for;
foreign aid. . -
If the present mood oh Capitol Hill prevails, the program stands
to softer drastically. Many lawmakers feel foreign aid outlays offer
ihe most attractive field for budget cutting.
There is much sentiment in home
'constituencies for halting foreign
aid. The over-all lack, of enterprise
in Europe in supplementing U. S.
aid is one reason. Congressmen,
searching for ways to -economize in
line with campaign promises, are
Keenly aware of dissatisfaction on
the part of Americans when it comes
to foreign aid. .
The administration of the foreign
aid program needa streamlining.
'There have been flagrant cases of
waste and haphazard methods of ap
propriating funds to different needy
areas. The Eisenhower Administra
tion is out to cut down on waste and
tighten up the direction of the pro
gram in an effort to save it from
extinction. The President and hisv
top foreign policy advisors are on
record as approving the continuance
of the program. But Congress wants
more than streamlining. Key mem
bers of both Houses have emphasized
that foreign aid is in tor the knife
if the Europeans themselves don't
come up with some bonaflde assur
ances that they are going to pitch in.
Secretary of State John Foster
Dulles and Mutual Security Admin
istrator Harold E. Stassen are tour
ing Europe with the express purpose
of impressing West European lead
ers with the sense of urgency Eisen
hower repeatedly has expressed for
speedily building up the Western de
fense front against ' communism.
They will try to get some definite
assurances that Europe is ready to
get down to business on such here
tofor controversial issues as the
European army, for example.
As things stand now, the European
army is still on paper. The job is to
build it and fast.
Even if Dalles can help save the
European army idea from the scrap
heap, the new U. S. High Commis
sioner in Bonn, Dr. James B. Conant,
(whose confirmation was challenged
by Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy, R
Wisc, because of a statement the
former Harvard president made
aout private schools being a "di
visive influence,." McCarthy, a Cath
olic layman, felt the statement re
flected on parochial schools.) still
will have the job of helping West
German Chancellor Adenauer get
the plan approved in parliament.
Strong Socialist opposition will be
fighting them on every point.
Conant will also face the task of
acting quickly to bolster American
prestige and influence in Germany,
and to shake up and strengthen his
own big staff in Bonn.
U.S. Jets Patrolling Japan
Set to Tangle with Soviets
THE nearest of the Russian
held Kurile Islands lies only
four and one-half miles from
northeastern Japan. At the speed
of jet fighters and bombers,' that dis
tance is covered in about 24 seconds.
. U. S. military- authorities know
that Russian jet bombers are based
in strength in -the Kuriles and on
Sakhalin Island within easy strik
ing distance of every major Japa
nese city.
Guarding the northern outposts of
Japan is a spreading chain of radar
stations. Backing these up are
newly-reenforced squadrons of U. S.
Sabre jets, slower F-84 Thunder
Jets and radar-directed anti-aircraft,
guns. . ;; . ; ; -
When i Bnsslan planes approach
Japanese territory, as they do" al
most daily, a radar warning sets off
a defensive alert. Sabre jets and
Thunderjets streak down icy run
ways and soar skyward on missions
of interception. Their orders: Shoot':
. to km.- r-,-.; ..
Since the Japanese Government,'
with U. S. approval, warned that
hostile aircraft violating Japanese -territory
would be shot -down, U. S.
pilots patrolling northern Japan
, have been ready to tangle with Rus
sian planes on a business basis.
. U. S. air officers estimate the
Russians have perhaps 1,000 fighters
and bombers at dozens of bases on
Sakhalin and in the Kuriles. v
Russian IL-23 medium jet bomb
ers, capable of carrying an atomic
: bomb, have been observed by U. S. .
pilots and recorded on U. S. radar
screens. Some have crossed the Jap
anese border, either by accident or
design. Hundreds of speedy MIG-15 -
fighters, also known to be based in
the island chain, would act as a:
screen for an IL-28 fleet should Rus
sia decide to strike Japan. '' - :
The Russians make a practice of
5arading the IL-28's back and forth
between Sakhalin and Kurile bases.
As in Korea, the U. S. Air Force is
greatly outnumbered. U. S. air offi
cers, charged with responsibility for
defending Japan, have tried to bal
ance ' the scales , by tightening up
patrols and radar defense. - -
The situation in Japan illustrates
one big advantage the Russians hold.
; In London
SINCE early December, a series
of death-dealing fogs has
blanketed . London. In December
alone, it killed 6.000 people and the
January toll is not. in yet.
The fog, laden with industrial filth,
including sickening sulphuric acid,
has ' brought severe illness to hun
dreds of thousands, grounded air
planes, dirtied clothing, curtains and
buildings and slowed commerce to
a virtual standstill. The economio
loss already runs in the millions.
The death toll so far in this win
ter of daytime darkness nearly
equals the toll of 6,957 killed by Nazi
bombers in September, 1940, worst
month of the World War U blitz.
The final toll undoubtedly will far
surpass it.
"It's almost on the scale of mass
extermination, cried Marcus Lip
ton, Laborite member of the House
of Commons.
Many Londoners, coughing grit
and feeling vague aches in the chest,
are: frightened. There is uncertainty
over whether anything effective can
be done. There is a clamor for gov
ernment action to halt industries
around the metropolis to ease the
content of poison in the fog. There
is also a drive on to cut down on
home chimney fires.
Almost every London house has
several fireplaces and there is a
chimney for every one. Most Lon
doners burn soft coal in their fire
places, and this shoots soot and more
fumes into the air.
It all adds up to a black, nauseat
ing smog which people can taste as
well as smelL There is almost no
escape from it because it seeps into
houses and office buildings.
The polluted air causes a strain on
the hearts of people whose respira
tory systems are diseased or weak
ened. It also brings bronchitis and
pneumonia. Most deaths attributed
to the fog have been among people
with heart trouble or respiratory
diseases.
Aside from bringing sickness and
death, the fog has cut visibility to
zero. Opera fans in the galleries of
many theaters have demanded their
money back because they couldn't
see the stage. Electricians in the
wings have spotlighted the wrong
dancers at ballet theaters.
U. S. SABXZJFT
U. S. Air Force and Navy planes
carry the lion's share of the burden
in .Korea, and all of it in Japan,
Russia is free to put her best pilots
and equipment in the Kuriles and on
Sakhalin, if , she - wants to, relying
i -Quotes
1 Sen.- Estes Eefavver - (D
Tenn.): "I think the Demo
cratic party is still the majority
party in the nation. We were
met with a combination of cir-.
eumstances that caused us to
v lose the election." .
- Secretary of Def ense Charles
E. Wilson: "I shall do my best
to serve and strengthen Ameri
ca and the free world . ' . not
as a .business .man nor as a
member of a particular 'party,
hut as one of many citizens in
a great crusade that must not
faiL" V' ..
Ik WmmLB 'Jhk Willi
ADMINISTRATION:
Efficiency Heratcls
M 4
V"
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER'S Administration has taken f over
Washington's multitudinous Federal agencies and i bureaus
with a will to do or die. I j
In department after department, the President's chiefs have
issued orders for a full day's work for a full day's pay, a full
40-hour week, and staggered lunch hours. Efficiency is the word.
The campaign to tighten up all i
along the line fulfills expectations.
The President apparently has put
first emphasis on efficiency. Changes
in policy will come later.
President Eisenhower's basic blue
print for U. S. domestic and foreign
policies in the next four years will
be spelled out in his first State of
the Union message before Congress
Monday.
Despite the President's insistence
on secrecy during official White
House conferences, some reports on
his intentions have leaked out.
AT WORK
! on satellite forces to tie down West
ern forces elsewhere. : ., .
The unequal balance Is evened up
somewhat by the Superiority of U&,
pilots and crews amply ' demon-
strated in Korean air battles,
t 83rd Congress opens.
5 Winston Churchill, arrives for
1 visit, sees President Eisenhower.
S Georges Bidault is named new
French foreign minister by new
. Premier Rene Mayer, replacing Rob
ert Schuman, advocate of European
cooperation. , , ' vi' s-;- 'J. r-?
9 President Truman asks Federal
budget of $78.8 . billion ; C . , .
IS Pope Pius invests 24 newCar
dinals in Vatican ceremonies.
, 13 Russians ; announce . arrest - of
nine Jewish doctors on charges of
plotting to kill top Soviet leaders on
instructions of Zionist organizations,
- American and British intelligence. J
'3-
;.4.tit- ?fh t-!'! -
Congressional leaders who! talked
with him about his State of the
Union message, indicated the Presi
dent again will stress' foreign affairs,
as he did in his inaugural address.
Domestic affairs center around
cutting former President Truman's
$78,600,000,000 budget to clear the
way for cuts in taxes and Federal
spending. The . President will base
whatever he has to say on this sub
ject on recommendations ! from
Budget Director Joseph M. Dodge.
While Dodge has emphasized that
In Short;
Disclosed: by Sen, Robert A. Taft
(R-Ohio), that he is ready to intro
duce five bills proposing 15 changes
in the Taft-Hartley Labor Act
Announced: by officials of the Na
tional Foundation for Infantile Par
alysis, that a safe new vaccine
against polio has worked in? a few
humans, and probably will get largo
scale trials on children this summer.
The vaccine gives humans and ani
mals antibodies (natural disease
fighters that can prevent invading
viruses from doing damage) against
all three types of polio virus,
Negotiating, friends of former
President Harry SL' Truman, in order"
to arrange publication of his .me
moirs 4t figure that will enable
him to pursue a life ol complete
freedom as the Democratic party's
elder statesman. One New York pub
lishing company reportedly has of-
fered to pay a sum expected to run
in excess of a half million dollars
over a period of several years. . ,
Announced; by the Atomic Energy -Commission,
plans to construct a.
new 29-million-dollar explosives "as
sembly plant in southwest Illinois.'
Simultaneously, the Commission an
nounced it will conduct a series, of
tests involving "new and improved'
atomic weapons--plus some 18,000
troops-gkunng in March on the
Yucca Flats of the Nevada desert.
- ; Convicted: former government '
economist William W. " Remington,
. on two counts of perjury in his sec
' ond Federal court trial. Remington '
was accused of falsely denying he
passed US. secrets to Russia..
S (All Right Reserved. AP Ntotatmi
IT HAPPENED IN JANUARY
IS Runaway train rams - Union
Station in - Washington,- - injuring
more than 50. Two ex-GIs seized in
Vienna as Soviet spies. British, bare -plot
to restore Hitler policies in Ger
many with arrest of seven ex-Nazis.
IS Iran's Parliament extends for
one year complete powers of Pre-
mier Mossadegh. ;:I:4:';;.i .f-r"'
28 Dwight D. Eisenhower takes
oath a 34th U. S. President Mr.
Truman borrows presidential rail
road Car for return to Independence.
Mo. - . -
, 21 Federal jury . in liew York
- convicts 13 secondary Red leaders of
conspiring to teach overthrow of the
New Policy Shifts
t - .f l.f3- ft..- . i...' ;n,.(.4 .1,,".
large tax cuts cannot be expected
soon. White House observers think
Administration officials will try to
come up with some moderate cuts in
line with present laws. For example,
the excess profits tax is due to ex
pire June 30 under present law. Un
less things change, the Administra
tion is likely to let it die. Individual
income taxes under present law are
due for cuts a year from now. Some
Congressmen want to - cut. them
sooner. ' . '
The Congressional delegation to
the White House urged the lifting of
price and wage controls. .
One member of Congress predicts
the President will report on his Ko
rean inspection trip without making
any immediate recommendations or
disclosing what future course he- in
tends to take.
Dulles Pushes for
American
us.
foreign policy - under
Secretary of State
John Foster Dulles will enipha-
size a positive approach to the
cold war. -
The old policy of containment of
Communist expansion already is
well on the way to being dumped.
The containment policy, Dulles be
lieves, was foredoomed , to failure
because it was a purely defensive
policy. A defensive policy, he has
stated, never wins against an ag
gressive policy, i .
The new Secretary of State wants
to restudy and 'reappraise present
U. S. foreign policy from top to bot
tom. He told the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee that he hoped
to accomplish this first of alL -
"Present policies have In them
many good elements," Dulles testi- :
fled, "but, on the other, hand, the .
situation has changed and deterio
rated in many parts of the world.
' "Many of the hopes we had, to- -day
are of dubious validity, and I
believe that pur policies all require
a study to be sura we come .up with
something "that is best. I hope that '
before the end of the year we will
be able to come up with either fresh
policies or with a fresh conviction
that the existing policies are the best'
.we can find. I hope that, in most -cases,
we. can find better policies."
government.
22 Announced U. S. battle casual
ties in Korea total : 125,971, an in
crease of 250 in a week. Charles E.
. Wilson, Ike's nominee for Secretary
of Defense, agrees to sell $24! mil
lion in General Motors- stock, clear
ing way for Senate confirmation.
23 Gen. James A, Van Fleet, U. S.
Eighth Army commander in Korea,
will retire March 31, his successor:
Lt. Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor. C
27 Secretary of State Dulles says
new U.S. foreign policy aims at de- ,
f eating Red encirclement by culti
vating desire for freedom behind
Iron Curtain. ' ' , ; r
.':
: President Elsenhower's. Cabinet
was finally made complete by Sen
ate confirmation of Charles E. Wil
son as Secretary of Defense after
the former president' of General
Motors agreed to dispose of $2,500,
000 worth of stock. .
Senators raised the same objec
tions over Robert T. Stevens as Sec
retary of the Army and Harold E.
Talbott as Secretary of the Air Force
as "they did over Wilson. Both men
held stock in corporations doing
business with the Defense Depart
ment. The furor over these appoint
ments underlined the fact that Presi
dent Eisenhower's administrators,
although good business .men," had
much to learn about dealings with
Congress, where political savvy is
what counts.
Cold War
t
7
A 1
1
V-
y v.
x
DUUES
- '- --- .. . ' v
Essentially, Dulles wants to. shift
from what he considers the nega
tivism of the containment policy to
the s aggressiveness of an intense
moral-pressure campaign. He wants
.to use -psychological warfare and.
propaganda to beat the Russians at
their own game. ' , -
In - line with 'Dulles1 contention
that not enough attention is being
paid to attempts to undermine the
Russians at home and in their satel
lite' countries, President Eisenhower
Dates
' Bfonday, February 2
: Ground Hog Day. If the wood
chuck comes out of hibernation, '
winter is, by tradition, over, j
Trial of Fred Saigh, owner of
: the St. Louis Cardinals, for In
. come tax evasion opens in St. "
.Louis.,.;. ' ''.-zlj-
Taesday, February 3 '
. Secretary, of State John Fos
ter Dulles and. Mutual Security
Administrator . Harold ' Stassen
arrive in London on first stop
In their European fact-flnciins
tour for President Eisenhower.
GIs Wait
In Korea
Hp HE course the new President
x oi the united States chooses
. to follow in Korea will be de
signed primarily to break tha
exhaustive stalemate there.
V Outside observers can do mora
than guess at what future U. S. pol-
icy in Korea will be. Best estimate
at present seems to be that U-N.
forces in Korea will try a strong, but
limited, offensive while the Navy
exerts pressure on the China main
land by blockade. The South Korean
army may be. the keystone of this
Plan. ,
Army Chief of Staff Gen.J. Law.
ton. Collins, touring Korea, said the
retirement of Eighth Army Com-
. mander. Gen. James A. Van Fleet;
' does not necessarily imply a change .
in U.N. policy in Korea. Collins trip
undoubtedly is connected with thf
President's desire to get' on top of
the war problem in a hurry, how
: . ever. '.:.. ' ,' j.
- Collins conferred with Van Fleet
and U.N. Far East Commander, Gen.
Mark W, Clark in Seoul. He also was
on hand in Toy ko for the arrival oi
Gen. Van Fleet's successor, Lt. Gen.
Maxwell D. Taylor.
. It was Collins seventh tour of the
battlefront since the Korean war be
gan two and one-half years ago. He
was briefed at headquarters of
American infantry divisions and also
talked with captured Reds.
Collins remarked that he was im-
. pressed with the improved condition
of the South. Korean army. South.
Korean President Syngman Rhee
gave credit for building up his coun
try's army to Van Fleet. Rhee con
ferred SoUth Korea's highest award
on Van Fleet and declared:
"His great spirit has inspired our
r people to redouble efforts in support
of our military forces and restored
their faith in support of democratie
principles."
Lt. Gen. Taylor, an old friend of
Van Fleet's, is one of the most color
ful higher ranking officers in the
Army. He has a background of ori
ental studies and duty that especial
ly fit him for a Far East command,
as well as a brilliant combat service
- Taylor will be the fifth command
er of the Eighth Army since its
organization during the summer of
1944. Its first chief was Lt. Gen.
Robert L. Eichelberger, who led' it
in the liberation of the Philippines
in company with Gen. Walter Krue
gers , Sixth Army. After Eichel
berger, Lt. Gen. Walton S. Walker
led the Eighth until he was killed
in a jeep . accident at Christmas,
1950, Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway suc
ceeded Walker and held command
until he took over Gen, Douglas
MacArthur's post as Far East Com
mander and was succeeded by Van
Fleet. '
appointed a cold war psychological
strategy board. The board will
search for ways to make U. S. strat
egy in psychological warfare more :
unified and dynamic."
1 ask you to recall," Dulles told
Senators, "that Soviet Communism
. has spread from controlling 200 mil
lion people some seven years ago, to
controlling 800 million today, and it
'has done that by methods of political .
warfare and propaganda and has not
actually used the Red Army as an
operr aggressive force in accomplish
ing that.
"Sarely if they can use moral and
psychological- force, we can use lt
and to take a negative defeatist atti
tude is not an approach which is
conducive to our own welfare, or in
: conformity with our own historical
ideas . . ." ' -
In these statements, all before the
Foreign Relations Committee, i the
' Secretary of State emphasized ' his
desire to see U. S. policy switch from
one of waiting to see what : the
Kremlin does next u one which as
serts itsslf before the Kremlin acts
one which has a chance of keeping
the Russians off balance instead of
vice versa.
- Whether It will succeed or not is
-anybody's guess: One thing, at least,
; has been overlooked. That is the
ruthlessness with which the Russians
wage their political warfare. Can the
' U.S. match propaganda dished out
by a power that holds a knife at
the backs of its satellites?
Dulles points out that the Soviets
have refrained from using the Red
Army as an "open aggressive force"
in pulling 800 million people into
their "orbit. Nevertheless, the. Red
Army was present as an occupying
force in every country that went
Communist, with the exception of
- China and It can safely be assumed
- that Red Army advisors were in .
action there too.
Specifically, Dulles says he wants
to see the UJ5. adopt methods short
of general war which will seek to
- liberate captive peoples. Critics of
this policy fear it may force the
Kremlin's hand something our Eu
ropean Allies are very much' dis
turbed about.
Positive
Strategy
1
1
1
- :
(
j I- ' . "
i i
f f
f. ;:
i i
1
- i
i f
f
. 4 ...
1 15 ' s i , 1 1 1 i i , t , 5 j -. r , i 1 1 i , t . , h M , n n r, ? t i t ? i t . t i i ' i , . it I r.M Ji ' i i ";
"Sf?J?"T'