: - ... , - :.: i. r ' .. - ' ....... .. , .--r.... .. - - s, - .:;.:.-.' ' -J ..... . . . , ' :- i. ..' i I L i. , ;, . : : i ... ....... ' . "- . . . ' . ' ' " i J! i i : 1 1 Foreign AM Faces Knife in Congress ATOP problem for the Eisenhower Administration is how to keep Congress from slicing too much oS appropriations for; foreign aid. . - If the present mood oh Capitol Hill prevails, the program stands to softer drastically. Many lawmakers feel foreign aid outlays offer ihe most attractive field for budget cutting. There is much sentiment in home 'constituencies for halting foreign aid. The over-all lack, of enterprise in Europe in supplementing U. S. aid is one reason. Congressmen, searching for ways to -economize in line with campaign promises, are Keenly aware of dissatisfaction on the part of Americans when it comes to foreign aid. . The administration of the foreign aid program needa streamlining. 'There have been flagrant cases of waste and haphazard methods of ap propriating funds to different needy areas. The Eisenhower Administra tion is out to cut down on waste and tighten up the direction of the pro gram in an effort to save it from extinction. The President and hisv top foreign policy advisors are on record as approving the continuance of the program. But Congress wants more than streamlining. Key mem bers of both Houses have emphasized that foreign aid is in tor the knife if the Europeans themselves don't come up with some bonaflde assur ances that they are going to pitch in. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and Mutual Security Admin istrator Harold E. Stassen are tour ing Europe with the express purpose of impressing West European lead ers with the sense of urgency Eisen hower repeatedly has expressed for speedily building up the Western de fense front against ' communism. They will try to get some definite assurances that Europe is ready to get down to business on such here tofor controversial issues as the European army, for example. As things stand now, the European army is still on paper. The job is to build it and fast. Even if Dalles can help save the European army idea from the scrap heap, the new U. S. High Commis sioner in Bonn, Dr. James B. Conant, (whose confirmation was challenged by Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy, R Wisc, because of a statement the former Harvard president made aout private schools being a "di visive influence,." McCarthy, a Cath olic layman, felt the statement re flected on parochial schools.) still will have the job of helping West German Chancellor Adenauer get the plan approved in parliament. Strong Socialist opposition will be fighting them on every point. Conant will also face the task of acting quickly to bolster American prestige and influence in Germany, and to shake up and strengthen his own big staff in Bonn. U.S. Jets Patrolling Japan Set to Tangle with Soviets THE nearest of the Russian held Kurile Islands lies only four and one-half miles from northeastern Japan. At the speed of jet fighters and bombers,' that dis tance is covered in about 24 seconds. . U. S. military- authorities know that Russian jet bombers are based in strength in -the Kuriles and on Sakhalin Island within easy strik ing distance of every major Japa nese city. Guarding the northern outposts of Japan is a spreading chain of radar stations. Backing these up are newly-reenforced squadrons of U. S. Sabre jets, slower F-84 Thunder Jets and radar-directed anti-aircraft, guns. . ;; . ; ; - When i Bnsslan planes approach Japanese territory, as they do" al most daily, a radar warning sets off a defensive alert. Sabre jets and Thunderjets streak down icy run ways and soar skyward on missions of interception. Their orders: Shoot': . to km.- r-,-.; .. Since the Japanese Government,' with U. S. approval, warned that hostile aircraft violating Japanese -territory would be shot -down, U. S. pilots patrolling northern Japan , have been ready to tangle with Rus sian planes on a business basis. . U. S. air officers estimate the Russians have perhaps 1,000 fighters and bombers at dozens of bases on Sakhalin and in the Kuriles. v Russian IL-23 medium jet bomb ers, capable of carrying an atomic : bomb, have been observed by U. S. . pilots and recorded on U. S. radar screens. Some have crossed the Jap anese border, either by accident or design. Hundreds of speedy MIG-15 - fighters, also known to be based in the island chain, would act as a: screen for an IL-28 fleet should Rus sia decide to strike Japan. '' - : The Russians make a practice of 5arading the IL-28's back and forth between Sakhalin and Kurile bases. As in Korea, the U. S. Air Force is greatly outnumbered. U. S. air offi cers, charged with responsibility for defending Japan, have tried to bal ance ' the scales , by tightening up patrols and radar defense. - - The situation in Japan illustrates one big advantage the Russians hold. ; In London SINCE early December, a series of death-dealing fogs has blanketed . London. In December alone, it killed 6.000 people and the January toll is not. in yet. The fog, laden with industrial filth, including sickening sulphuric acid, has ' brought severe illness to hun dreds of thousands, grounded air planes, dirtied clothing, curtains and buildings and slowed commerce to a virtual standstill. The economio loss already runs in the millions. The death toll so far in this win ter of daytime darkness nearly equals the toll of 6,957 killed by Nazi bombers in September, 1940, worst month of the World War U blitz. The final toll undoubtedly will far surpass it. "It's almost on the scale of mass extermination, cried Marcus Lip ton, Laborite member of the House of Commons. Many Londoners, coughing grit and feeling vague aches in the chest, are: frightened. There is uncertainty over whether anything effective can be done. There is a clamor for gov ernment action to halt industries around the metropolis to ease the content of poison in the fog. There is also a drive on to cut down on home chimney fires. Almost every London house has several fireplaces and there is a chimney for every one. Most Lon doners burn soft coal in their fire places, and this shoots soot and more fumes into the air. It all adds up to a black, nauseat ing smog which people can taste as well as smelL There is almost no escape from it because it seeps into houses and office buildings. The polluted air causes a strain on the hearts of people whose respira tory systems are diseased or weak ened. It also brings bronchitis and pneumonia. Most deaths attributed to the fog have been among people with heart trouble or respiratory diseases. Aside from bringing sickness and death, the fog has cut visibility to zero. Opera fans in the galleries of many theaters have demanded their money back because they couldn't see the stage. Electricians in the wings have spotlighted the wrong dancers at ballet theaters. U. S. SABXZJFT U. S. Air Force and Navy planes carry the lion's share of the burden in .Korea, and all of it in Japan, Russia is free to put her best pilots and equipment in the Kuriles and on Sakhalin, if , she - wants to, relying i -Quotes 1 Sen.- Estes Eefavver - (D Tenn.): "I think the Demo cratic party is still the majority party in the nation. We were met with a combination of cir-. eumstances that caused us to v lose the election." . - Secretary of Def ense Charles E. Wilson: "I shall do my best to serve and strengthen Ameri ca and the free world . ' . not as a .business .man nor as a member of a particular 'party, hut as one of many citizens in a great crusade that must not faiL" V' .. Ik WmmLB 'Jhk Willi ADMINISTRATION: Efficiency Heratcls M 4 V" PRESIDENT EISENHOWER'S Administration has taken f over Washington's multitudinous Federal agencies and i bureaus with a will to do or die. I j In department after department, the President's chiefs have issued orders for a full day's work for a full day's pay, a full 40-hour week, and staggered lunch hours. Efficiency is the word. The campaign to tighten up all i along the line fulfills expectations. The President apparently has put first emphasis on efficiency. Changes in policy will come later. President Eisenhower's basic blue print for U. S. domestic and foreign policies in the next four years will be spelled out in his first State of the Union message before Congress Monday. Despite the President's insistence on secrecy during official White House conferences, some reports on his intentions have leaked out. AT WORK ! on satellite forces to tie down West ern forces elsewhere. : ., . The unequal balance Is evened up somewhat by the Superiority of U&, pilots and crews amply ' demon- strated in Korean air battles, t 83rd Congress opens. 5 Winston Churchill, arrives for 1 visit, sees President Eisenhower. S Georges Bidault is named new French foreign minister by new . Premier Rene Mayer, replacing Rob ert Schuman, advocate of European cooperation. , , ' vi' s-;- 'J. r-? 9 President Truman asks Federal budget of $78.8 . billion ; C . , . IS Pope Pius invests 24 newCar dinals in Vatican ceremonies. , 13 Russians ; announce . arrest - of nine Jewish doctors on charges of plotting to kill top Soviet leaders on instructions of Zionist organizations, - American and British intelligence. J '3- ;.4.tit- ?fh t-!'! - Congressional leaders who! talked with him about his State of the Union message, indicated the Presi dent again will stress' foreign affairs, as he did in his inaugural address. Domestic affairs center around cutting former President Truman's $78,600,000,000 budget to clear the way for cuts in taxes and Federal spending. The . President will base whatever he has to say on this sub ject on recommendations ! from Budget Director Joseph M. Dodge. While Dodge has emphasized that In Short; Disclosed: by Sen, Robert A. Taft (R-Ohio), that he is ready to intro duce five bills proposing 15 changes in the Taft-Hartley Labor Act Announced: by officials of the Na tional Foundation for Infantile Par alysis, that a safe new vaccine against polio has worked in? a few humans, and probably will get largo scale trials on children this summer. The vaccine gives humans and ani mals antibodies (natural disease fighters that can prevent invading viruses from doing damage) against all three types of polio virus, Negotiating, friends of former President Harry SL' Truman, in order" to arrange publication of his .me moirs 4t figure that will enable him to pursue a life ol complete freedom as the Democratic party's elder statesman. One New York pub lishing company reportedly has of- fered to pay a sum expected to run in excess of a half million dollars over a period of several years. . , Announced; by the Atomic Energy -Commission, plans to construct a. new 29-million-dollar explosives "as sembly plant in southwest Illinois.' Simultaneously, the Commission an nounced it will conduct a series, of tests involving "new and improved' atomic weapons--plus some 18,000 troops-gkunng in March on the Yucca Flats of the Nevada desert. - ; Convicted: former government ' economist William W. " Remington, . on two counts of perjury in his sec ' ond Federal court trial. Remington ' was accused of falsely denying he passed US. secrets to Russia.. S (All Right Reserved. AP Ntotatmi IT HAPPENED IN JANUARY IS Runaway train rams - Union Station in - Washington,- - injuring more than 50. Two ex-GIs seized in Vienna as Soviet spies. British, bare -plot to restore Hitler policies in Ger many with arrest of seven ex-Nazis. IS Iran's Parliament extends for one year complete powers of Pre- mier Mossadegh. ;:I:4:';;.i .f-r"' 28 Dwight D. Eisenhower takes oath a 34th U. S. President Mr. Truman borrows presidential rail road Car for return to Independence. Mo. - . - , 21 Federal jury . in liew York - convicts 13 secondary Red leaders of conspiring to teach overthrow of the New Policy Shifts t - .f l.f3- ft..- . i...' ;n,.(.4 .1,,". large tax cuts cannot be expected soon. White House observers think Administration officials will try to come up with some moderate cuts in line with present laws. For example, the excess profits tax is due to ex pire June 30 under present law. Un less things change, the Administra tion is likely to let it die. Individual income taxes under present law are due for cuts a year from now. Some Congressmen want to - cut. them sooner. ' . ' The Congressional delegation to the White House urged the lifting of price and wage controls. . One member of Congress predicts the President will report on his Ko rean inspection trip without making any immediate recommendations or disclosing what future course he- in tends to take. Dulles Pushes for American us. foreign policy - under Secretary of State John Foster Dulles will enipha- size a positive approach to the cold war. - The old policy of containment of Communist expansion already is well on the way to being dumped. The containment policy, Dulles be lieves, was foredoomed , to failure because it was a purely defensive policy. A defensive policy, he has stated, never wins against an ag gressive policy, i . The new Secretary of State wants to restudy and 'reappraise present U. S. foreign policy from top to bot tom. He told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that he hoped to accomplish this first of alL - "Present policies have In them many good elements," Dulles testi- : fled, "but, on the other, hand, the . situation has changed and deterio rated in many parts of the world. ' "Many of the hopes we had, to- -day are of dubious validity, and I believe that pur policies all require a study to be sura we come .up with something "that is best. I hope that ' before the end of the year we will be able to come up with either fresh policies or with a fresh conviction that the existing policies are the best' .we can find. I hope that, in most -cases, we. can find better policies." government. 22 Announced U. S. battle casual ties in Korea total : 125,971, an in crease of 250 in a week. Charles E. . Wilson, Ike's nominee for Secretary of Defense, agrees to sell $24! mil lion in General Motors- stock, clear ing way for Senate confirmation. 23 Gen. James A, Van Fleet, U. S. Eighth Army commander in Korea, will retire March 31, his successor: Lt. Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor. C 27 Secretary of State Dulles says new U.S. foreign policy aims at de- , f eating Red encirclement by culti vating desire for freedom behind Iron Curtain. ' ' , ; r .': : President Elsenhower's. Cabinet was finally made complete by Sen ate confirmation of Charles E. Wil son as Secretary of Defense after the former president' of General Motors agreed to dispose of $2,500, 000 worth of stock. . Senators raised the same objec tions over Robert T. Stevens as Sec retary of the Army and Harold E. Talbott as Secretary of the Air Force as "they did over Wilson. Both men held stock in corporations doing business with the Defense Depart ment. The furor over these appoint ments underlined the fact that Presi dent Eisenhower's administrators, although good business .men," had much to learn about dealings with Congress, where political savvy is what counts. Cold War t 7 A 1 1 V- y v. x DUUES - '- --- .. . ' v Essentially, Dulles wants to. shift from what he considers the nega tivism of the containment policy to the s aggressiveness of an intense moral-pressure campaign. He wants .to use -psychological warfare and. propaganda to beat the Russians at their own game. ' , - In - line with 'Dulles1 contention that not enough attention is being paid to attempts to undermine the Russians at home and in their satel lite' countries, President Eisenhower Dates ' Bfonday, February 2 : Ground Hog Day. If the wood chuck comes out of hibernation, ' winter is, by tradition, over, j Trial of Fred Saigh, owner of : the St. Louis Cardinals, for In . come tax evasion opens in St. " .Louis.,.;. ' ''.-zlj- Taesday, February 3 ' . Secretary, of State John Fos ter Dulles and. Mutual Security Administrator . Harold ' Stassen arrive in London on first stop In their European fact-flnciins tour for President Eisenhower. GIs Wait In Korea Hp HE course the new President x oi the united States chooses . to follow in Korea will be de signed primarily to break tha exhaustive stalemate there. V Outside observers can do mora than guess at what future U. S. pol- icy in Korea will be. Best estimate at present seems to be that U-N. forces in Korea will try a strong, but limited, offensive while the Navy exerts pressure on the China main land by blockade. The South Korean army may be. the keystone of this Plan. , Army Chief of Staff Gen.J. Law. ton. Collins, touring Korea, said the retirement of Eighth Army Com- . mander. Gen. James A. Van Fleet; ' does not necessarily imply a change . in U.N. policy in Korea. Collins trip undoubtedly is connected with thf President's desire to get' on top of the war problem in a hurry, how : . ever. '.:.. ' ,' j. - Collins conferred with Van Fleet and U.N. Far East Commander, Gen. Mark W, Clark in Seoul. He also was on hand in Toy ko for the arrival oi Gen. Van Fleet's successor, Lt. Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor. . It was Collins seventh tour of the battlefront since the Korean war be gan two and one-half years ago. He was briefed at headquarters of American infantry divisions and also talked with captured Reds. Collins remarked that he was im- . pressed with the improved condition of the South. Korean army. South. Korean President Syngman Rhee gave credit for building up his coun try's army to Van Fleet. Rhee con ferred SoUth Korea's highest award on Van Fleet and declared: "His great spirit has inspired our r people to redouble efforts in support of our military forces and restored their faith in support of democratie principles." Lt. Gen. Taylor, an old friend of Van Fleet's, is one of the most color ful higher ranking officers in the Army. He has a background of ori ental studies and duty that especial ly fit him for a Far East command, as well as a brilliant combat service - Taylor will be the fifth command er of the Eighth Army since its organization during the summer of 1944. Its first chief was Lt. Gen. Robert L. Eichelberger, who led' it in the liberation of the Philippines in company with Gen. Walter Krue gers , Sixth Army. After Eichel berger, Lt. Gen. Walton S. Walker led the Eighth until he was killed in a jeep . accident at Christmas, 1950, Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway suc ceeded Walker and held command until he took over Gen, Douglas MacArthur's post as Far East Com mander and was succeeded by Van Fleet. ' appointed a cold war psychological strategy board. The board will search for ways to make U. S. strat egy in psychological warfare more : unified and dynamic." 1 ask you to recall," Dulles told Senators, "that Soviet Communism . has spread from controlling 200 mil lion people some seven years ago, to controlling 800 million today, and it 'has done that by methods of political . warfare and propaganda and has not actually used the Red Army as an operr aggressive force in accomplish ing that. "Sarely if they can use moral and psychological- force, we can use lt and to take a negative defeatist atti tude is not an approach which is conducive to our own welfare, or in : conformity with our own historical ideas . . ." ' - In these statements, all before the Foreign Relations Committee, i the ' Secretary of State emphasized ' his desire to see U. S. policy switch from one of waiting to see what : the Kremlin does next u one which as serts itsslf before the Kremlin acts one which has a chance of keeping the Russians off balance instead of vice versa. - Whether It will succeed or not is -anybody's guess: One thing, at least, ; has been overlooked. That is the ruthlessness with which the Russians wage their political warfare. Can the ' U.S. match propaganda dished out by a power that holds a knife at the backs of its satellites? Dulles points out that the Soviets have refrained from using the Red Army as an "open aggressive force" in pulling 800 million people into their "orbit. Nevertheless, the. Red Army was present as an occupying force in every country that went Communist, with the exception of - China and It can safely be assumed - that Red Army advisors were in . action there too. Specifically, Dulles says he wants to see the UJ5. adopt methods short of general war which will seek to - liberate captive peoples. Critics of this policy fear it may force the Kremlin's hand something our Eu ropean Allies are very much' dis turbed about. Positive Strategy 1 1 1 - : ( j I- ' . " i i f f f. ;: i i 1 - i i f f . 4 ... 1 15 ' s i , 1 1 1 i i , t , 5 j -. r , i 1 1 i , t . , h M , n n r, ? t i t ? i t . t i i ' i , . it I r.M Ji ' i i "; "Sf?J?"T'