Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (April 30, 1951)
AMPHIBIOUS OPERATION The camera catches an almost Washlngton-crossing-the-Delaware . KOREA-BOUND Emperor Haile Selassie ! (lit ' cloak) inspects . WAKE TALK Congressiwants to hear both pose as United Nations troops cross the Hwachon Reservoir to reach Reds dug In about a dam. - an Ethiopian battalion' in Addis Ababa t before it sails to : sides of what was said by President. Truman This was before the long awaited Chinese Communist spring offensive opened last week. join United Nations forces . fighting aggression in Korea. , . and Gen. MacArthur fast fall on Wake Island. Chinese Reds Mount Greatest D AGAIN the wheel of war turned full circle in Korea. For the third time .since last June, Red invaders smashed in force across the 38th Parallel into South Korea.' For the third time, roads were jammed with refugees streaming southward. - It was the start of the long awaited Chinese Communist spring offensive. Nearly a half million battle-tested Red troops were com- xnitted, with 300,000 more in reserve in" : ; r" IMortn Korea. . Censorship withheld precise "details ; Imi thn naltprn nf h nffensive was plain. The Chinese had opened a mon- ster pincers drive. One arm was the , massed divisions pushing down the mountainous center of the peninsula. The other was a flanking movement "across the Injin River in the west. Ridgway Tours Fronts Lt Gen. Matthew. B. Ridgway, the vCcUCU vrei cav fcuvsAt ww , Tokyo to visit the fighting fronts. He toured them with Lt. Gen. James A.-. van r leev, nis successor aa cum-: snander of the U.S- Eighth Army. Ridgway wore his familiar combat ? uniform, . including the customary ' grenade dangling from his paratroop- ; ex's harness. i Before he hopped back to Japan, Gen. Ridgeway said, The battle is joined. It may well prove decisive It appears that this attack is an-: other major effort by the Communist enemy to drive United Nations forces : from Korea, or to destroy them, re- -gardless of the further destruction of bis owr troops. - Tt also appears that this will be the heaviest oflensive effort yet made, : though it has not yet attained its max imum strength." ; The initial thrust, after the heavi-. est Red artillery barrage of the war, opened a gap in the center of the 100 mile United Nations line. "This is a real war now," said one , American divisional officer. "We are dealing with an enemy that has large numbers, lots of artillery for the first time and the obvious intention of wlp tag us out ; - Bed Losses Heavy "We know that We are waiting for him. He has taken some terrible losses ; already. And he is going to take more. Red losses early in the week were estimated at 12,000. About one fourth -of them were from round-the-clock: air attacks. ; . One Eighth Army spokesman said Red casualties were 10 times those of the U.N. forces. On the eastern front, -an officer said Red losses were 20 . times those of the Allies. Science Climactic Atom Tests "I : I Sen. Warren G. Magnuson CD Wash), on a tour of the Pacific, said in Hong Kong that -the climax of American nuclear fission tests would take place at Eniwetok "within the next week or so." The Atomic Energy Commission re-1 ported last winter that a series of atomic tests had been scheduled for. the Eniwetok proving grounds this spring but it kept dates and details secret. . Y - Sen. Magnuson disclosed : that he would fly to Eniwetok within two or three days to witness the tests. He said they would conclude a series of AEC experiments conducted for the last 40 days. Sidelights r . i ' . i i up and kissed George Clements after he was placed on probation. for big amy. They were: his legal wife who" wed him in 1920 and bore him nine children; a woman he lived with long enough to have his 10th. child, and his bigamous wife, who recently bore his 11th and 12th children, '. t O Toll roads which went out of style , with the horse and buggy are coming back, according , to a survey ... which shows more than t half the - states turning to toll collections as a. way to :. pay for new throdghways and super- -highways. .. ;v : 4;;-1 ; O Marriages in the U.S. increased last year for the first time since 194 6r -reports the Public Health -Service. There were 1,669,934 weddings, . 5.7 per cent more than in 1949. rive Yet Britain Labor Party Split The Labor Party split may prevent the visit to Philadelphia next month of Winston Churchill. He was sched uled to be the principal speaker May 8 at the 200th anni versary of the li brary of the Uni versity of Pennsyl vania. The Conservative Party leader?under standably hay be reluctant to leave while there- is a daily growing pos- .sibility of ar British ' 1 1 -A CHURCHILL general eiecon. The death, a fort night ago of Ernest Bevin brought into the open a long, simmering dispute within the ranks of the Labor, Party. Bevin had been instrumental in keep ing the unions lined up behind the program of Prime Minister. Clement Attlee. The increasingly heavy eco nomic demands of rearmament forced curtailment cf Labor's socialist pro gram at home. The crisis which arose so. quickly after his death is witness of Bevin's importance as balance wheel between left wingers and moderates in the Attlee cabinet and the whole,. Labor Party as well H M The revolt was led by Aneurin Bevan who resigned as Minister of Labor in protest against cutting free medical service in favor of rearma ment In a fiery speech before the House of Commons explaining his resigna tion, Bevan charged Attlee's new three-year arms program of $13,160, 000,000 could not be achieved without wrecking Britain's domestic economy. He claimed the arms race would gobble up raw materials at a rate that would undermine the economies of all states in the western world outside America. He concluded: "We have allowed ourselves to be dragged too fai behind the wheels of American diplomacy. This great nation has a message for the world that is distinct from that of America or the Soviet Union." British Conservatives, delighted at the intra-party squabble, predicted that soon they would be .back in power. THIS ABOVE ALL wmmm win oc MacATHUR: The Debate THE great debate on American foreign policy embodied in the MacArthur controversy will open officially in Congress on Thursday. A parade of witnesses, many of them in uniform heavy with stars, will testify at hearings conducted by the joint Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations Committees. Sen. Richard B. Russell (D-Ga). chairman of the Armed Services Committee, will preside. He said he planned to hear Gen. MacArthur and some others in closed session for se curity reasons but would consent to have open hearings if the general de sired them. Public Spotlight Senate leaders, both - Democratic and Republican, urged' public hear ings "as far as possible." Some clam ored to have them televised. Sen. Ernest W. McFarland (Ariz), Democratic leader, said he favored making public everything except vital security information. He said. "We will gain more toward achiev ing national unity than we will lose by having the enemy find out some confidential information." Sen. Robert A. Taft (Ohio), chair man of the Senate's GOP policy com mittee, said Republican members of Russell's committee will develop their own case against the. Truman Far Eastern policies,; independently - of what Gen. MacArthur has to say. "We think there should be some or- JAPAN: Treaty Not Forgotten John Foster Dulles was en route to Japan when Gen. MacArthur left Their paths crossed over the Pacific and he had a plane-to-plane chat by radio with tae deposed Far East com mander. This week the well-travelled Dulles was back in Washington after reas suring the Japanese people that the dispute over MacArthur would have no effect on pians for an early peace . treaty for their country. The special envoy told a Japanese United Nations Association that the desire to conclude a "prompt and just" treaty had solid bipartisan support in this country. Dulles declared the United States would continue to consult Soviet Russia on the treaty, despite a recent rebuff. But tor those Japanese advo cating a treaty that includes the Com- , .... 'vcrv QUICK, CALL A DOCTOR ganized answer to the case the Ad ministration will lay down," he said. Pentagon Chiefs The Joint Chiefs of Staff, one of the tightest-lipped groups in Washington, may have to divulge some Pentagon ' secrets. The four and five-star chiefs Coming Up munists, he warned his Tokyo audi ence: . Evasive Red Tactics 'The Spviet government talks much of peace but, ir fact, when peace comes near, they avoid it like - the plague. They do so because they de sire to deny the reassurance which peace would bring and to keep alive the fear upon which the Bolshevik Communist Party capitalizes in its ef fort at indir-ct aggression. Dulles said there was some risk of general war but he personally doubted if the rulers of Russia want it now. The best evidence, he said, is that the Kremlin is using the. threat of war mainly as a weapon in its campaign of indirect aggression. . Three Points" Without being specific, Dulles ap parently sought to answer three major objections raised by other powers to the present treaty draft. He declared: The U.S. Is against restrictions of a kind not upplicable to sovereign na tions apparently an answer to Brit ish demands for limits on Japanese shipbuilding capacity. The U.S. 13 against imposition of economic burdens that would leave , Japan "economically vulnerable" s evidently a reference to Philippine demands for $8,000,000,000 in repara tions. Collective security arrangements, envisioned for the Pacific fall within the U.N. charter principle that "force shall not be used, save in the common interest." . "I L This, Dulles declared, - operates against the militarism'which neither Japan nor. its neighbors want an ap parent reference to Australian and New Zealand demands , for guaran tees against threat of .'future -aggression from a reanr ed Japan. , Quotes Former German Field. Marshal Erich von Manstein, jailed as a war criminal in the British zone of Germany; "Germany must naturally aim within the western union . against the danger 'from thej east." ';'" " Capt. Irving lT Duke,, com mander f the 45,000-ton battle-' ship USS. Missouri: "To fire .all the guns W the Missouri at maxi mum speed for .just one. jninute would expend 38 tons of ammu nition at a cost of approximately 5127)00. Gens. Bradley, Collins, Vandenberg and A dm. Sherman are holding themselves in readiness for appear ance on the stand. - The Defense Department issued what amounts to a challenge to Mac Arthur's assertion that his views on Dates Monday, April 30 British Industries Fair opens in London and Birmingham, Eng. Tuesday, May 1 Child Health Day. Thursday, May, 3 Ascension Day. Saturday, May 5 Kentucky Derby. Sunday, May 6 National Music Week starts. Anniversary (325th), Manhat tan Island purchased from the Indians. ' " " . , Reds Domestic Hearings The Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB) has opened public hearings in Washington on whether the UJS. Communist Party must reg ister as an organization controlled from abroad. ' . i . The 1950 InternaTSecurlty (McCar : ran) Act grants , the Communist Party, or any other organization or-i dered to register, the right to go to! court first the U.S. Court of Appeals, then the Supreme Court, Red Prea Denied v Recently a , federal court turned down a Communist: plea to prevent! Attorney General ; ' McGrath - and; - SACB from holding the hearings un-i til courts had determined constitu-j tionality of the McCarran Act. The; Supreme Court refused to intervene,1 Thus far no legal issues have beenj . decided. The courts decided only that the , Communist . Party ; must ' got - through with the SACB hearings -before going to court on constitutional iSSUeS. Vv':-- : r''. ' 1 The .Communist Party has branded the SACB hearings "an unconstitu tional trial of a political party, with a prefabricated verdict." - Gus Hall, CP national secretary,' estimated the hearings . would last at least three months. f : : r--" 'j ,The McCarran Act requires - that foreign agents and organizations reg ister with the 4 Attorney General and furnish lists' of officers, members and financial records, . . .. : ! Penaltiesr?-if the McCarran Act is 'upheld in the courts are ?10,000 for an organization, and $10,000 and five years in jail for- individual, officers. . The fines can be imposed for each day ' of failure ta register. ( j" ; - r. EVERYBODYFALL lUt f how the Fay East war should . be prosecuted, from a purely military standpoint, were shared by practically every military authority including the Joint Chiefs of StaftV Secretary of Defense Marshall also is expected to be 'suwitness.'. Politics Cooperation . Pius Democrats worked hand in glove with Republicans, to select their 1952 national convention, sites. It may be the last wholehearted cooperation be tween the nation's two major political parties until after : the Presidential elections a year from November. A Democratic site committee met in the same Washington hotel at the same time for the same purpose as their Republican opposite numbers. The Democratic committee was headed by WillianfM. Boyle, Jr., na tional chairman. The Republican committee was hea'ied by Gny Ga brielson, GOP, national chairman. Bids from Six Cities The meetings were timed so that city bidders could go from one com mittee to the other. - r Gabrielson and Boyle had discussed the possibility of "holding both , con ventions in the same city for reasons of convenience and economy. . - Offers from six cities were under consideration, for eitheror both of the conventions. The sixwere Phila delphia, Chicago, San Francisco, At lantic City, Detroit and Los Angeles. The . GOP national committee will meet in Tulsa, Okla May 11 and 12 to pass on the recommendation of its site subcommittee. The Democrats are expected to meet late in May or early in June for the same purpose. jm AKOTHI2 C2IAT CIS ATE cswtt - a. & .:- ,.. -.....-',;.-". mm ACCOLADE Mrs. MacArthur and the five-star general, back home after 14 years in the Far East, respond to cheers of hero worshippers. ;Costs:,Up. All Over YOU may, have to give up that dream about , rhoving to a cheaper place to live! .. The National Industrial Confer ence Board has conducted a study oi. living costs in 33 cities frqm coast to coast, comparing prices in . March, ; 1935. with October, 1950. - It says living costs are about as high today in Tucson, Arizona, for in- stance,-as in Boston.. -In fact, the middle-sized cities may actually be harder on the family budget $han some of the biggest ones. -Regimented. Living What you tave on one item you may lose on another. All. across the coun try, the cost, of living is being regimented.- - One factor that has helped to bring . this about is the spread of more or less uniform living standards every- , where ' in the nation. Diets,' living quarters, amusements, clothing have become more and more alike In all sections. In little cities as well as bie. Population shifts have played a large pari ; War industries trans planted huge segments of workers. Many consumer . industries, followed the worker migrations. The west and south have huge markets now wher none existed 15 years ago. It used to be common," says Roy V. Peel, Census Bureau director, "to see advertisements of industrial products with the notation "prices higher, west . of the Mississippi' Now there are ad vertisements with the footnote 'prices higher, east of the Rockies. Spread Is . Disappearing The industrial Conference Board found that 15 years ago nine of the eleven southern cities on the list of 33 had below-average costs. By last fall only four of the southern cities were below the averager The Board recorded a 25 per cent difference in 1935 between the higb - est-cost and the lowest-cost city. Last fall the difference was only 14 per" cent And 16 of the 33 cities surveyed varied from the dead center by less than ,two per cent. .For : what it's worth statistically Milwaukee is the most expensive U.S. city of those surveyed in which to live. It .costs six percent more than, average to live there. Fifteen years ago it was the sixth. Washington, D.C., , highest in the - mid-30's, - is now second. Richmond is third and Houston fourth. Atlanta, where living costs were one per cent below the average in 1935, is now fifth. Its living costs are four per cent above the 1950 average. Big but Not Costly V New York City long had the bad name of being hardest on, the pocket- : book. Times have changed. In 1935, New York was the fourth most ex- ' pensive, with ; costs nine per cent higher than average. Last falL New York was 25th, about three per cent cneaper man average. The cheapest city of the 33 is New Orleans. It's almost eight per cent below, the average and 14 per cent . cheaper than Milwaukee. In Short... Died; Gen. Charles G. Dawes, 85, former Vice President of the United States, of a heart attack, at his home in Chicago. ' Called: By the Department of De fense, for the draft of 1,202 doctors during July, August and September, ' because of a lack of medical volun teers. : - Appointed: By Gov. Mennen Wil- 1iam tit Mihifnn Rlair Moodv. m. ' .Washington correspondent, as , U.S. ; Senator to succeed the late Arthur - W. Vandenberg. 4 k " Announced: By the U.S. Navy, the launching on May 2 at Mare Island Naval Base, Calif, of a new killer type . submarine, designed to .hunt down and destroy other submarines. Scheduled: The 45,000-ton battle ships, Missouri and Wisconsin, to , head a summer training cruise in the - Mediterranean for Annapolis mid shipmen and Navy R.O.T.C. students. Killed: Ninetyeight persons,- in cluding seven GIs, when fire broke out in an old-fashioned wooden rail- 1 way coach at Yokohama, Japan.' J MU Right ftesenred. AP Nrwsftatumt . r