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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (April 22, 1950)
fTkb StcfosmtmV S&Iemv Oregon.; Saturday, April -22til 951 Wo Fat?or Stoays Us, No Fear Shall Awe" ! j , From First Statesman, March 28, 1SS1 THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher Catered at the postofflee at Salem. Oregon, as second class matter under act ef congress March 3, U7S. Published every morning. Business office 215 S. Commercial, Salem, Oregon. Telephone 2-2441. Selling Prunes to Sweden Dallas reports the sale of 122 prunes to Sweden. Years ago mat wouia scar cely merit newspaper attention. Then western Oregon was shipping hundreds of tons of dried prunes in export to Europe, to Egypt and Asia Minor and to our own east coast. In late years foreign markets have largely dried up for lack of American exchange and what exports have been made were financed through U.S. funds. Prune growing has been a declining industry for many years. Prices have been unremunera tive and irregularity of crop production has added to the hazard of the business. An acreage In the state of 58,000 in the mid-1920's was re duced to 30,000 acres in 1943 and the decrease g nSs continued through pulling up of orchards, f Despite this cut in acreage production, last year was 100,900, tons, nearly as high as the average In 1930-34. j Oregon's largest tree fruit production is pears, which account for 42 per, cent of the income from orchard crops, according to the latest stat istical yearbook of the state college extension service, Jackson county and Hood River county are the big pear producers. Last year's pear production is reported at 6,150,000 bushels, the highest in the history of the state. While Hood River got its early reputation as an apple growing district both that county and other part of Oregon have cut down apple acre age steadily for the past 40 years. In 1910 the state had 73,000 acres in apple orchards, in 1948 only 13,000, Hood River has about half the com mercial acreage and four-fifths of the commer cial production. Peach production has been increasing, and the production of 1949 930,000 bushels broke previous records. Jackson county has the biggest peach acreage, with Yamhill, Marion, Wasco and Washington trailing. Cherry orchards have shown rather steady in crease through this half-century. The 1949 yield 34,300 tons exceeded that of any previous year reported. The price however was only about half the wartime price. WaSco county is first 'in cherry acreage, Marion second. Among orchard crops filberts were the favor ites for new plantings until the post-war slump. Acreage of 23,300 in 1948 was five times that of 1930. Walnut acreage has not been increased In late years, but as young orchards came into full bearing production increased, the 1948 yield of 9,100 tons being the largest ever reported. Total receipts from marketing of Oregon's tree fruit and nut crops amounted to nearly $30,000,000 in 1948, according to - the bulletin referred tan the record year being 1946 with $50,000,000. Hie hopes of great wealth easily reached that were exploited in the brilliantly colored booklets of 40 years ago have not all been realized by any means. Many incurred bit ter disappointments over investments in or chards. But the business of growing fruits has been stabilized over the years. Better methods have brought larger yields per acre, and new ideas in marketing have helped in selling crops at a profit. With our coast population- increasing, con sumption, of fruits here will increase, and as fruits grown here are of superior quality there will continue to be a large domestic market for our production. Even prunes will come .into balance some day and not be the losing gamble tag" Indications Show United States Not Involved In All Out Effort to Construct Hydrogen Bomb By Stewart AIsop - WASHINGTON, April 21 Is the United States now making : serious, all-out effort to produce i a true hydrogen bomb? If not, why not? i y AH discussion ft of the problems Involved In making the hy drogen bomb subject which may affect the lives of all Am ericans only too 'lntim ttely , must be carried en gropingly, in near - darkness. Yet the basic. Sit art Akop . publicly available facts on this hideously unpleasant subject have been reported recently In .this space. And these facts point rather obviously to certain In teresting deductions. In the first place, all the avail able evidence clearly Indicates that a very great effort must be made if the true hydrogen bomb Is to be achieved; The problem of "maintaining assembly" of keeping the bomb mechanism in tact long enough for the fusion process to take place is in itself fantastically difficult scientific and engineering problem. Yet, conversely, all the evi dence at hand also suggests that nothing . like the kind of effort apparently required is in fact be ing made. This evidence falls into three parts. Part one is the President's i brief statement "I have directed the atomic energy : commission to continue its work : oil all forms of atomic weapons, including the so-called hydrogen or super-bomb." This statement clearly Implies that no, special, ' new, or extra effort is contem , i plated. ; -j Part two! is th budget. Very i great expenditures will clearly be necessary it j the extraordinary i problems involved in making i the hydrogen bomb are to be j solved in anything like the im . ' mediate future. Yet the total atomic energy appropriation Is less than two per cent of the r "" i tons of dried they have been for two decades. For selected fruits the time may even be ripe for an increase in plantings. O'Mahoney Opposition Fatal Senator Wayne Morse had better news sense than Washington reporters when he picked up the remarks of Senator O'Mahoney of Wyoming in a recent senate debate and concluded from them that the administration's CVA bill was doomed, at least for now. When he was urging the amendment to provide a Columbia Basin account O'Mahoney said he felt its adoption would make a CVA unnecessary and went on to say: "The situation in the Tennessee valley is completely different from that in the Missouri valley and in Wyoming, Colorado, Montana, Idaho or in any of the other arid Western states," O'Mahoney said.' "My state of Wyoming was' admitted into the union under an act of congress which conveyed to Use state jurisdiction over its water supply. "Ever since the state became a part of the union the state courts have adjudicated water rights. "I have no desire to transfer that local state authority over water rights to a valley author ity or whatever name it may be called." The special significance of these remarks was sensed by Morse as spelling the doom of the CVA bill at least for the present. For O'Mahon ey is chairman of the senate committee on the interior, as well as one of the most influential members of the senate and a democrat. Thus his opposition will prove almost decisive. There still needs to be settled the question of pooling funds from the various dams under the northwest projects. That can be done without permitting diversion of interest on power pro jects to be diverted to other purposes without congressional appropriation. A separate bill should be introduced to cover this. Pins for "Weather Observers The government in the person of the weather bureau has gotten round to recognizing some of, its faithful, unpaid servants: the voluntary weather observers. Mrs. H. W. Husted of Jef ferson has received a "30 year" pin for her service of that duration at the time of her re tirement a year ago. The Statesman extends its compliments to Mrs. Husted and to others who have thus been recognized. Mark Twain said that everyone talked about the weather but nobody did anything about it. Mark was wrong. There has been a large body of citizens in all walks of life who have done something about the weather. They didn't change it or try to; they simply set down from day to day how the weather performed: the tem peratures, high and low; wind direction; pre cipitation: kind of day, clear, cloudy or partly cloudy. The weather bureau furnished the in struments, but the observer had to make the observations and record them daily and then send the monthly report in to the bureau. The bureau then compiled reports and published the scientific data respecting our weather. Thus there is now available accurate information covering weather conditions in virtually all parts of the United States, covering a long term of years. The government is lavish with its pins and citations in time of war. This pin to volunteer weather observers is no DSC, but it is an em blem to indicate appreciation which is felt by all who know of the faithful work these individ uals have performed. national budget, and no large special appropriations have been requested: Part three is the Scientists, The great scientists who made the atom bomb possible Oppen heimer, Urey, Bethe. Zacharias, Bacher, Fermi, A. H, Compton, to name a random list are clear ly not working full time, or even part time, on the hydrogen pro ject. They are lecturing, or work ing in their universities, or other wise occupied. Put these three pieces of vi , dence together, and it is difficult to escape an obvious conclusion. - The United States is not now en gaged in an all-out effort to perfect the new weapon. A rea sonable guess would be that the effort, compared with the war time Manhattan project, is on a comparatively leisurely, peace time basis. It is also possible to make reasonable guess about how this situation came about. It is no secret that many of the scientists from the start bitterly opposed attempting to manufacture the hydrogen bomb. To their voices was added the powerful voice of former Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission David Lili enthal. The objection of the scientists was largely based Initially on moral and emotional grounds. But in part perhaps to support the moral argument, technical grounds were also advanced tor not trying to make the bomb. Some of these have been brief ly, and no doubt in over-simpli- fied form, described in this space. There Is every reason to believe that the "problem of maintain ing assembly" can only be solved if a very heavy form of hydrogen called tritium is used as the basic material. And aside from other grave disadvantages, both urani um raw materials and uranium piles are needed to make tritium. This brings the tritium bomb into direct competition with the atom bomb. Mot cover, although no one denies that a single tri tium bomb would be far more devesting .than a single atom bomb, at least some of the talcsraau tists have argued that the pay off, in terms of total area des troyed measured against the to tal investment of effort and ma terial, would be much lower for the tritium bomb than for the atom bomb. This, in capsule form, Is the purely technical case against the hydrogen bomb. This re porter has, of course, no way of knowing how good this case is. But neither, it is possible to sus pect, do President Truman, the non-scientific members of the atomic entergy commission, or the other laymen on whom rests the responsibility for making de cisions of great moment in sec recy. a It is further possible to sus pect that as a consequence Am erican policy on the hydrogen or tritium bomb has fallen neatly between two stools. On the one hand, the moral and technical objections of the scientists have been overridden. Th A EC will "continue its work" very prob ably the initial effort will be made to find an intermediate bomb, in which the fusion prin ciple will be used principally to increase the efficiency of the fis sion bomb. On the other hand no great and risky investment will be made to achieve the true hydrogen bomb in the shortest possible time. From all this, two conclusions emerge. First, it must certainly be -assumed that the Soviets are at work on a hydrogen project, with an absolute, war-time pri ority. Unless it can be demon strated conclusively that the ef fort to make the hydrogen bomb is unquestionably a bad invest ment, we have no alternative but to attempt to match the Soviet effort. Second, we cannot con ceivably hope to match the So viets where secrecy is concerned. Only a fool would propose public discussion of authentic secrets. But unless such facts as are cer tainly known to the Soviets can be brought into the open and discussed, the democratic process of decision simply ceases to tunc- tion. Copyrfh; 130 Mew Term aieraM i mmmnmMmimmsaam Ways in Washington By Jane Eads WASHINGTON -UPt- National Home Ejemonstration week is April 30 to May 6. Some 3,000,000 country Women will show what they are doing to improve their homes and keep their fam ilies well. In about 56,- ffiar"ft Q 000 coromuni- Lf ties wom?n will -rT , Jf noia lestivais, v country 4 wider' meetings, lours, -a? ft.jpv I demonstrations , 0 iV-- , 1 1 exhibits, I andjr , V 'II other activities. w. ll A part of the " " Department of Agriculture's co operative I extension service, the home demonstration program be gan in 913. It features good home management, nutrition, food production and preservation, use of equipment, home furnish ings, faniily relations, clothing, consumer buying, community ac tivity. Home j demonstration agents, who conduct the program with homemakers, are cooperatively employed by local county gov ernments, state agricultural col- jeges ana ine Agriculture aepari ment. "A part of the agent's job is to inspire and encourage the homemakers, as well as to give specific and technical help," Miss Mary Rokahr, in charge of the extensior service's home eco nomics specialists, explained. "Helping them are nearly 150,000 volunteer! local leaders who have been givn special training and pass on ivhat they have learned to their neighbors. The week is especially set apart to pay tribute to these volunteer workers and to play up the results their work during the year." Miss Rokahr, who has been m home management work for 20. years, arid has traveled through about every state and territory to give experienced advice in the program.! told me that homemak ers are ''broadening their horiz ons and developing a better un derstanding of national and international affairs" every where, "tin addition," she told me, "rural women continue to GRIN AND BEAR IT "Janler'has B Interest in life Ji eats, sleesn. gees to CRASH IAND1NQ work for better nutrition 1,204, 000 families improved their food supply last year and more than 1,500,000 families received help in food canning, freezing, drying and storing. "Also some 934,000 families were assisted with clothing con struction problems, and 764,000 with selection of clothing and textiles, with the result that new fabrics are no longer a mystery to homemakers." Miss Rokahr points out that in 1948, 40 per cent more families got help in home sewing than in 1942, which she says is a reflection of the home sewing boom sweeping the country. "Improved housing is a big part of the problem," she added. Several hundred thousand homes were built, remodeled or im proved in 1949. Nearly 220,000 families were assisted in re arranging or Improving their kit chens, many thousands more in the selection of furnishings or equipment and in improving home grounds." gsasMSSSg Better English By D. C. Williams 1. What is- wrong with this sentence? "There is an old adage which advises against this ac tion." 2. What is the correct pronun ciation of "justifiable"? 3. Which one of these words is misspelled? Millennium, Meer shaum, trapezium, centennial. 4. What does the word "rele gate" mean? 5. What is a word beginning with mes that means "to hyp notize"? ANSWERS 1. Omit old. 2. Principal ac cent is on first syllable. 3. Meer schaum. 4. To exile; to banish; put back or away. "We have not relegated religion to obscure municipalities,-Burke. 5. Mes merize, by Lichty since hat girl tented t&a dewn 7? U y Trieste Blast Said Aimed At Yugoslavia By J. M. Roberts, Jr. AP Foreign Affairs Analyst WASHINGTON, April 21 -(JP) Moscow's' latest outburst regard ing Trieste could be directed mainly at Yugoslavia, with its irritating f a c tors for the western allies coming largely as byproducts. If the inde pendent territory med now established, as envisio under the Itali an peace treaty, and occupation troops removed, Yugoslavia would be the most direct loser. As it is today, the port city operates just like part of Italy. Communication facilities, the port's natural rear trade area, dominant language and natural ies of all sorts mean that this would continue to be true of a free territory. Despite a good sized Slovene minority, the city's restaurants, market place and habits mark it as Italian, even without reference to its ancient Roman ruins. The Yugoslav zone, on the other hand, is virtually a part of Tito's domain. It is mostly a rocky, barren, mountainous area, of little real value, but has be come important in Yugoslav poli tics as something the govern ment has acquired for the coun try. It would be lost to him un der the Russian proposal. To lose it, along with the still-nurtured Yugoslav hopes for the city, too, would be a serious "setback. - The Russian charge that the allies have refused to implement the peace treaty regarding Trieste and that the port is a military base is a sort of twisted, exag gerated truth. The Adriatic is constantly shown the American flag by the naval ships which take turns, usually singly but omnipresent. In the port. The allied army for ces, of course, are directly pro vided for in the treaty. The allies also have sponsored the crack, carefully screened and highly trained Venezia Giulia police. This force actually fronts the Yugoslav army along the Demarcation line between the zones. To charge that Trieste is oper ated as a military jumping off place for allied aggression is one thing. To deny that it is an im portant military outpost is an other. As for creating the free terri tory as provided in the treaty both sides have been playing straight power politics in the light of changed conditions since the treaty was made. Russia first obstructed things to help Tito before the famous fall-out. The allies used a chang ed policy, recommending Trieste's return to Italy, to help beat the communists in the last , Italian general elections.' Now the al lies are willing to switch again, giving Tito part of what he wants to encourage him in the idea that his bread is buttered on the allied side. The byproducts, for Russia, are to fish in the troubled waters be tween Yugoslavia and Italy, and to put anothet poster on the wall n her effort to convince people -4 her own firt of all of allies aggressive intentions. lnr K933ICDS (Continued from page 1) boards. Public opinion therefore will be on the side of the rail roads rather than the firemen, and will be expressed volubly if these roads are struck bringing financial loss and inconvenience to thousands of workers, to busi ness and manufacturing. Perhaps the best answer to the demand of the firemen is the performance of the diesel-elec-trics themselves. They have been in use now for a considerable term of years and have demon strated their quality in the test of actual service. And well they have performed. They have pull ed streamliners at high speed and heavy trains of freight cars at such low cost for fuel, for time loss and for repairs that roads everywhere are rushing to die selize their traction power; Die sels could' hardly make such good records if they were being oper ated Short-handed. The brotherhood naturally hates to see any of its members lose employment, and so do all the rest of the public. But oper ating costs of railroads, chief of which Is wages, have gotten so high that roads have had to in stall more labor-saving equip ment and engines to keep going, i Even so they are still losing busi ness to competing means of transportation. If they are; to be stuck with added labor costs simply to provide Jobs their competitive position or financial solvency will be further threat ened. Strikes on these important lines will surely prompt vigor ous action by government agen cies. In 1946 when the general railroad strike was pulled Presi dent Truman asked congress for most drastic powers over labor which congress wisely denied him. But if these strikes come we may expect congress to act, if the president fails to move. The right to strike is not absolute. It must be for a just cause, which has not been sustained, and it must not be such as to demoral ize the economy and threaten the security of the nation. Work ers in essential industries such as railroading must realize that and I incline stronelv to the be lief that the firemen wiii not ' go through with the strike for which the call has gone out. In these critical times we do not dare to have great railroad systems paralyzed by industrial strife. The Safety Valve... Information Wanted I understand that all state of ficials have been granted a pen sion by the legislature, when they leave their official duties: some of them have financial and busi ness interests, besides their of ficial salaries. The last legisla ture also passed a law authoriz ing payment of old age pensions to those over 65, placing rela tive responsibility and property restrictions upon them. That old people must turn their property over to the welfare commission, or be automatically disqualified. Does the same interpretation apply to the elected state officials who become elegible for pen sions. If not why not? Both groups have the same physical needs, and both laws were pass ed by the legislature. HERBERT DENNETT 266 S. Cottage St. COURT SHOULD PICK SITE To the Editor: i Lately the three members of the Marion County court inspect ed two suggested, places for the removal of the Macleay garbage dump. These sites were located by members of the Citizen's committee six weeks ago. Mr. Rice, accompanied by four mem bers of this committee, drove by these places and in one case in terviewed the owner, who ii willing to lease or sell acreage for a dump. This site, eight miles east of Macleay, Is an ex cellent place for that purpose, and is favored by the court. It now develops that the court RAD CCD For .You Garden Vegetable and berry plants, grape, rhubarb and iruli trees. For tnoee with limited space we hare irult trees with 3 and 4 varieties on one tree. Also dwarfed fruit trees. For Thai Hew Homo We bare a large assortment oi shade and flowering trees, shrubs and omamenkxls. Magnolias. Dogwood Rhododendrons. Rock Daphne. Early MM-season and late h"j JUaleas. Perennials and Annuals. PERENNIALS AND ANNUALS Ferrill's Phone 2-1307 H MUm East of Keise Literary Guidepost . . ; By W. O. Raters ELEANOR OFAQUITAINB AND THE F'Ojm KINGS, by Amy Kelly (Harvard; $5) Eleanor's life spanned most of the 12th century, from her birth In 1122 to her death in 1204. Beautiful, intelligent, widely travelled, she may not have been the, key to her times but she is the adequate symbol, and yet to the average reader she is best identified, probably, not in her own right but in connection with the men she knew. She was the wife of two kings and the mother of two. Her first husband was the Capetian Louis VIL the Young, who seems to ' have been too monkish for her spicy taste. Her second was Hen ry Plantagenet, who would be come England's King Henry II . . . "the staff of my age, the light of my eyes," she lamented when he died of a chance wound in 1189. Richard the Lion-Heart-ed and King John "Lackland," who a decade after Eleanor's death signed away at Runnymede some of the power acquired by his father-and mother, were her sons. Her first husband took her on his crusade in 1147. About 40 years later, she watched over the troubled Plantagenet domains, which streched from the Pyre nees nearly to Scotland, while son Richard. off on his crusade, was battering at the walls of Acre. In was the time of Abelard, Becket and his murder, trouba dours, courts of love. It was the time, too, of fierce and merciless rivalry, with Capet pitted against Angevin, father against son, brother against brother. Wives were bartered for their posses sions, and put aside ' for other wives with more cities and castles in their dowries. For deeds of the greatest cruelty there were penances of phenomenal humility; if Henry was scourged for Becket. John was haunted for the foul murder of his nephew Arthur. Eleanor is not just a lovely lady; she has the full stature of a queen. This colorful account fascinates me. In its wildest mo ments, Hollywood couldn't make up, or make us believe, such drama as is unfolded here. Miss Kelly, who used to teach at Wes leSley, has spent 20 ' years, in termittently, preparing this book; I don't see how she could have done it in twice that time. msmmmmimmimmmmma is requesting the citizens com mittee to contact the owners of these sites and bargain for 5their purchase and report back to the court. This is where the patience of the committee begins to run out. It was never agreed, at the public hearing in February, that this committee was to do this. The court has a purchasing agent to take care of that work. The people in the districts af fected by the ill-smelling dump, have done ail that the court has asked and now it is up to it to purchase or lease one of the sites located and move the dump im mediately. This was emphatically : i ,k l - v.u - ruary 28, when members of the court inspected the dump with interested citizens. Are we de manding too much? (Mrs.) MABEL. T. OLSEN Sec. Citizen's Committee Route 5, Salem. None In Sight To the Editor: , Anyone who thinks Truman would be pardoning Curley If Curley were a republican please hold up his hand. L. I. FERRIS. Multnomah, Ore, Ilarsery Open Sundays