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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 19, 1947)
4 The Skrtoaman, Salem, Oregon, Sandcry, October 19, 1947 "No' Favor Sway U$, No fear Shall Awe Frem first SUtenu, Mares tS. 1SS1 THE STATES51AN PUBLISHING COMPANY CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher MeeauW el the Associated rnss AaeatUtod Press U entitled exclusively to the aae f er repaou- emttos (iUUw leeal wn printed AT mwi sUspatchea, Nylons ... and Rumor It is an adverse commentary on our "enlightened" day and age that rumor still play an important part in human affairs. The American people are supposedly the best informed in the world, vet Salem women this week bought nylon hosiery with a fine frenjry and men apprehensively checked their tire treads only because there we$e rumors that nylon and rubber were -frozen." j The prevalence of rumors and public reaction to them has prompted two Harvard psychologists, Gordon W. Allport and Leon Postman, to write an unprecedented book dealing exclu lively with loose talk. ("Psychology of Rumor," Holt, 1947). : Importance of the subject plus ambiguity of the report equal a rumor; importance plus vagueness serve to creata tension and uncertainty in the hearer and this in turn results in inaccu rate transmission of the original authors are based on laboratory - seal observation and the extensive material-dealing with mob psychology. ; For rumors are definitely the crowd, and crowds are notorious for unthinking behavior Rumors flourish like bees at a honey jar when people are strained and uncertain and unhappy. Jails, for instance, are usually vibrant with groundless stories. So are countries when the population is uneasy . . . like America today. The psychologists have discovered that rumors relieve, justify and explain emotionaHensions. Talking about the "next war and the "evidence which points toward its proximity somehow elpi relieve tension and fear; it is a sort of collective whistling in the dark. The nylon shortage rumor may be based on facts, but while it is unconfirmed it must be taken as mere variation of the war gossip. 1 Furthermore, the researchers say, individuals project them selves in rumors. The man who spreads a tale with assurance that he has it "straight from the ble sources close to the White House" is just inflating his own sense of importance. Or the rumor-mongers may be wishful- thinkers, victims of a mild schizophrenia. These types of rumors are not in the same' class with rum ors consciously directed and propelled for definite reasons by propagandists. The spontaneous spreads with various mutations. All of which does not speak well for the mental health of the people. Widespread rumors and the credence placed in them are a symptom of unhealth in a public which is unable or afraid to face facts. It seems to be much easier to whisper about war and shortages than to work for Labor Conventions The two great labor organizations have been holding their annual conventions, AFL at San Francisco and CIO at Boston. The geographical distance separating their conventions meas ures their division. They agree plunge into politics next year to senators to obtain a repeal of the Taft-Hartley law. Not only are. the two organizations far apart but interna! divisions make rifts in each. AFL L. Lewis which made him and convention ending. The CIO contains a lot of communists who embarrass the leaders like Philip Murray and James Carey Down in CIO unions the split is At San Francisco George Meany, secretary of AFL and old Dan Tobin, head of the big teamsters' union, emerged as the dominating figures in the federation. Meany, bravely mixed with the redoubtable John L. as effective a debater as the Tobin, who is going to stop in welcomed by the Oregon teamsters, swung a lot of weight in the move to shear Lewis of his"power of veto." William Greer was reelected president of the federation for the 24th time, but the real power in the federation What these big. conventions because of the number of workers whom they represent and because they are a voice for an. group of citizens. It is unfortunate that the' publicity, particu larly from San Francisco, related chiefly to personalities. Labor is worried about prices and housing and social security, though it fails to admit the responsibility that organized labor must share in the current price inflation. These great conventions give labor an opportunity to express its viewpoint and the public a chance to see in action the governing bodies of organized labor One-Crust Pie Bakers say they will "whenever they can" feature smaller loaves of bread and one-crust pies. An even more certain way to save wheat would be to narrow the spaces in the bread slicing machines. This is the way As for one-crust pies, this which requires no upper crust, cream adds to its delegability. for several weeks ahead. But mince pie or should we proportion of meat? requires One can't imagine a berry pie decorated with a lilly-of-the-valley the berry juice bubble through. though as "deep apple pie" it er crust Custard and the cream pie family banana, coconut, etc. axe one-crust offerings. And so is the ineffable lemon pie, with jits meringue cover. " The public will not suffer if pies are held down to one crust production, with an exception for mince pie, as with tur key, for Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's. In fact if the ruling is generally observed many American males will learn there are other good pies than apple! One of President Roosevelt's administrative assistants (the six with a "passion for anonymity") has been given a jail sen tence and $30,000 fine for evasion of income taxes. He carried his "passion for anonymity" over to his income, which was stretching things too far. Concern for the poultry industry because of "eggless Thurs day" is expressed by our governor. We went out of the chicken business year ago because our hens were eggless every day of the week. H aye grille Women Hold First Fall Club Meeting HAYES VlLLE The Woman's club met with Mrs. Harry Miller, Chemawa road, Thursday after noon for the first fall meeting with Mrs. Charles Garrison and Mrs. Ing Torretdal assisting. Mrs. Gar rion conducted the business meet ing. Money was voted to the Chin-Up club. On the flower com mittee are Mrs. G. Farmer, Mrs. Carl Carlson and Mrs. A. Har vey. On the Christmas luncheon camifeauee are Mrs. William Briet- la this newspaper, u wen m all story. Such opinions of the experiments as well as gen related to the mental itate of horse's mouth" or "from relia rumor develops suddenly and peace and produce abundance. on one thing, and that is to elect enough congressmen and batted down the ears of John his UMW delegates sulk at the really bitter. Lewis and proved himself quite veteran quoter of Shakespeare Portland next Wednesday to be lies in other hands. say and do is important both otherwise largely inarticulate the sandwich maker saves ham! is the season for pumpkin pie, though a topping of whipped We can settle for pumpkin pie have mince pie with its heavy two crusts. So does a berry pie without an upper crust, artfully pattern, whose vents let Apple pie calls for a cover too, may be produced without a low zke, Mrs. Bruce Willis, Mrs. Ro bin Day and Mrs. O,. Farmer. Fern Morgan is a new member. Next meeting will be at the "An dresen Farm." Eleanor Trindle, Marion home demonstration agent will be guest speaker. Others present were Mesdames Fred Dougherty, Claude Tal madge, Bruce Willis, Elsa : Frey, Herschel Robertson, William Ray, Ralph Hensley, Etta . Fisher, Wm. Powers, E. L. Moor, Wayne! Pow ers, Carl Carbon, E. R. Bed well, Charles Andresen, William Briet zke.rG. Fanner and George Stro-zut 8COODO0 SBEQH ID JD (Continued from page one) preparatory work are required, and then . several weeks of con centrated effort These people give time and energy AND money, and their only compensation Is discharge of a civic obligation. The least then that others can do is to lighten their load and be prompt with a contribution. We hear some people say with reference to extending aid abroad, We should look after our own.' Very well, the community chest does Just that: provides the means by which organizations like the boy scouts and Campfire girls and YMCA and YWCA may serve the boys and girls of Salem, and In' stitutions like ' the Children's Farm home at Corvallis may care for orphans, and the Salvation Army home may give shelter for girls in trouble, and the Catholic charities may furnish aid to per sons in distress, without question of creed. If every one does his part Sa lem will give the community chest the last big $10,000 for final vie tory and make possible the con tinuance of these splendid wel fare and charity organizations. Youth Held On Bad Check Charge Here Delbert "Bad" Downing, 19, of 1963 N. 4th st, was arrested by city police Saturday on a circuit court warrant charging him with cashing $123 in fictitious checks in Salem during October and Sep tember. City police said that Downing, along with Jeffrey D. Grant and Loren Custer, both 19, arrested Friday in Dallas, had admitted forging or cashing about $300 worth of bad checks in Salem. Custer and Grant are now being held in the Marion county jail in lieu of $1,000 bail each, awaiting trial on the charges. Downing la being held for county authorities in the city Jail. Custer and Grant admitted the forgeries when questioned by city police in Dallas, but refused to disclose the name of a third party involved in the check cashing. Downing meanwhile " had been lodged in the Salem city jail on a charge of illegal possession of li quor. Downing was released by city police Saturday on the liquor charge, but was rearrested imme diately on the check charge after investigating officers found one of the checks in question was made out to Bud Downing and signed by a Mrs. Miller. Downing's hand- "writing on the police records was compared with the endorsement on the check and found to be identical, police said. Public Records CIRCUIT COURT Reka Kihs vs. Frederick Al fred Kihs: Suit dismissed without prejudice,, Sybil Lucille Chapel vs. Donald Earl Chapel: Suit for divorce charging cruel and inhuman treat ment Married July 25, 1937, at Gold Beach. Lorene Vice vs. Charles Wes ley Keller and L. Allen Perkins: Defendants move for order to strike. : MARRIAGE LICENSE APPLICATIONS Melvin Noach, 19, laborer, and Norma Kennedy, 19, typist, both of Salem route 6. ,s Walter V. Stark, 24, truck driv er, 1930 S. 12th st, and Ramona Bedard. 18, clerk, 1383 Broadway st., both of Salem. PROBATE COURT John W. Crane estate: U. S. Na tional Bank of Portland appoint ed executor. MUNICIPAL COURT - Clarence Victor Stratton, 1984 State st, violation of basic rule, fined $15. . : GRIN AND BEAR "The customers are getting nreasenable. Gas! we gotta get seme new angles te prove higher prices mean less profits far air U.N. Vote Parity Big Secret Pacific Pact YALTA, Russia Prime Minister Win tea CharehiU. President Franklin Delane Roosevelt and Premier Joseph Stalin take time eat from planning the doom ef the Axle te peae fee this picture In the patio at the palace la Yalta, where the "Big Three" met Standing la the rear are (left to right) Admiral Sir Andrew Canning-ham, Admiral William D. Leahy, and ether high-ranking Allied officers. This is serialization of Jamas T. . Byrnes' "Speaking Frankly" !x of fifteen chaptera of the book publish ed Oct. 19. 1M7. by Harper a Broth era. Copyright. 147, by Jamea T. Byrnee Foundation (A Charitable Trust). No. 5 BY JAMES F. BYRNES - Ex-Secretary ef State Immediately after announcing the Soviet Union's acceptance of the president's proposal on voting procedure in the security council, Mr. Molotov ex pressed the hope that Byelorussia, the Ukraine and Lithuania would be admitted to the United Na tl o n s . In any event, he said, he hoped the first ) i ' 7 two would be ad- James Byrnes mitted. Marshal Stalin made a forceful plea in support of the suggestion. Prime Minister Churchill sup ported the Soviet request stating: -My heart goes out to White Rus sia, bleeding from her wounds while beating down the tyrants." President States Case Not wishing to agree, and yet not wanting .to oppose Churchill and Stalin directly while the issue of international organization was in the balance, the president made this statement: -The British Em pire has great populations in its dominionsv like Australia. Canada and South Africa. The Soviet gov ernment has great masses of pop ulation like the three dominions mentioned. The United States has no colonies but has a large popula tion. Brazil is smaller than the Soviet Union but larger in area than the United States. There are many countries with small popu lations; like Honduras and Liberia. "We must study the question of whether any country should be given more than one vote. I do not want to break down the prin ciple of one vote to each nation. Therefore, we can decide on the general plan of a meeting to or ganize the association and then before the meeting, through the foreign secretaries, or at that meet ing, we can decide these ques tions and I will be glad to take them up. Plan Finally Accepted There was no dissent Because I was strongly opposed to granting the Soviet request, I thought the president had done a good job and that we might hear no more of the proposal. But at the confer ence table the next afternoon the president began reading a report of the meeting of the foreign min isters which had just been handed him and said: "Paragraph 2 is that it will be for the conference to determine the list of the original members of the organization. At that stage the delegates of the United King dom and the United States will support the proposal to admit to original membership two Soviet Socialist republics." The report was agreed to. IT By Lichty Speaking Frankly I learned later that at the for eign ministers meeting. Mr. Eden, who wanted to be certain of the admission of all members of the British Commonwealth including India, which was not an inde pendent state, agreed with . Mr. Molotov on the votes for Byelo russia and the Ukraine. Mr. Stet tinius then also agreed to the ar rangement. As the meeting opened, the secretary advised the president of the action which the president later announced, and the heads of government approved. Surprised at Accord I was surprised at the agreement which, in my opinion, was very unwise. After the meeting I urged my view upon the president. I reminded him that before we left Washington he had told a group of senators that if Stalin proposed granting membership to Byelorussia and the Ukraine, he would insist upon membership for each of our 48 states. The truth is, the Soviet republic's are no more independent than the states of our union. 1 urged the president at least to ask that the United States be granted a number of votes equal to those of the Soviet Union. The president feared it was too late but said he would consider it. On the last day I spent at Yalta, Feb. 10. the president wrote Mr. Stalin a letter which stated: "I am somewhat concerned lest j it be pointed out that the United j States will have only one vote in the assembly. It may be necessary forme, therefore, if I am to insure wholehearted acceptance by the j Congress and people of the United States of our participation in thej utnrl4 Artf o nlTD rr t aclr trip ftd-l ditional votes in the assembly in order to give parity to the United States." Stalin Gives Assent The following day Marshal Stalin advised the president that he entirely agreed with him that "since the number of votes for the Soviet Union is increased to three in connection with the inclusion of the Soviet Ukraine and Soviet White Russia among the members of the assembly, the number of votes for the U. S. A. should also be increased. 'The number of votes for the U. S. A. might be increased to three as in the case of the Soviet Union and its two basic republics," he said. "If it is necessary I am pre pared officially to support this proposal." President Roosevelt also asked Churchill for his views, and Churchill stated he would support the president In any proposal he made to achieve American equality with other nations. When I arrived in Washington, there was waiting for me in the White House map room the fol lowing cable: "For Justice Byrnes from Mr. HoDkins: . "The President has received completely satisfactory replies from the Prime Minister and Mar shal Stalin on additional votes to achieve parity for the United States, if necessary. In view of the fact that nothing on this whole subject appears In the communi que, the president Is extremely anxious no aspect of this question be discussed even privately." Subiect Kept Quiet I assumed he had some very good reason for not wishing this matter to be discussed, and I com plied with the request. The president and his advisers concluded not to ask at San Fran Cisco for compliance with the agreement that we have as many votes as were given to Russia. He did not again discuss the subject with me, and. I did not know he had changed his mind. I admit that the public opposition to Rus sia's three votes as against our one was not so great as I had ex pected. But nevertheless I think we should have insisted at San Francisco on the agreement made at Yalta. I felt then and feel now that the smaller states would have opposed the request of the Soviets and the United States. This course would have been lust and it would have resulted tn both governments having only one vote. That would have been the best solution. Top Secret Protocol Another agreement was made at Yalta which was to confront me later. This was the "Top Secret" protocol in which it was agreed that in return for Soviet partici pation in the war against Japan the Kurile Islands would be "handed over" to the Soviet Un ion. It also provided that "the for mer rights of Russia violated by the treacherous attack of Japan in 1904 shall be restored," and list- Problem; Disclosed r i ed these as the return of the south ern half of Sakhalin Island, inter nationalization of the Port of Dairen, the lease of Port Arthur as a Russian naval base, and joint Russo-Chinese operation of the Chinese Eastern and South Man churian railroads. The United States was to use its Influence to have China agree to that part af fecting China's territory. I did not know of this agree ment but the reason is under standable. At that time I was not secretary of state. Mr. Stettinius was secretary. President Remains Because of problems that had arisen in Washington the president wanted me to return with Admiral King, who was leaving at noon on Feb. 10. We expected the conference would end that evening and that the president would leave the following day. But that after noon Stalin requested the presi dent to remain one more day. He said they could not conclude their work and he wished to discuss some matter he deemed important. The president complied. The agreement as to the Kurile Islands was reached in private conversa tion among the Big Three instead of at the conference table, and the protocols, including this one, were signed on Feb. 11. Had I been in Yalta that day It is probable I would have learned of it. When the president returned he did not mention it to me and the protocol was kept locked in his safe at the White House. In the early summer I learned that Presi dent Roosevelt had undertaken to induce China to make the conces sions affecting Port Arthur, Dai ren and the railroad, but it was not until some time after I be came secretary of state that a news story from Moscow caused me to inquire and learn of the full agi-eement. I presented the mat ter to President Truman and he requested Admiral Leahy to trans fer to the state department those documents at the White House containing agreements with for eign governments. I wanted to know how many IOUs were out standing. rirrumttnrri surrounding U Pa rlfic airtfmrnt are desrrtard by Mr. Byrnrs In detail tn Tuesday's Install ment of '-Speakinc Frankly','' in which he alsa explains not he aaanaced t survive the ordeal of Soviet banquets at Yalta, and describes Marshal Stalin, at his ofrirUI dinner for Lhr Allied delegates, as 'a very likable person." Mr. Byrnes resigned In April, 1943. as Director of the Office of War Moblllxa Uon. The next few days brought .the death of President Roosevelt, and the day after the funeral at Hyde Park President Truman asked Mr. Byrnes to become Secretary of State. ENGINEERS NEEDED The Portland district of the army engineers is in immediate need of 37 men qualified as land appraisers, attorneys, hydraulic engineers, civil engineers and en gineering aides in 15 different ca tegories. Col. O. E. Walsh, dis trict engineer, announced Satur day. Salaries for the positions range from $2,394 to $4,902 a year. Additional information may be ob tained by inquiring at the Salem postoffice. KIWANIS TO MEET The Junior Playhouse and Aca demy of Theatre Arts wilt dem onstrate humorous acting at a meeting of the Salem Kiwanis club next Tuesday noon at the Marion hotel. The academy is owned and operated by Mr. and Mrs. Lester Podewel, newcomers to Salem, but not to the stage. Deafened People Hay How Hear Clearly Science has new made It pos sible for the deafened to hear faint sounds. It is a hearing de vice M small that It fits In the hand and enables thousands te enjoy sermons, musle and friend ly companionship. Accepted by the Council on Physical Medicine of the American Medical Associa tion. This device does not require separate battery pack, battery wire, ease or garment to bulce or weigh yea down. The tone Is clear' and powerful. Se made that yen can adjust it yourself to salt your hearing as yonr hearins; chanxes. The makers of Bel tone. Dept. 6. 1450 West 19th St, Chi cago 8. 111., are so proud ef their achievement that tbey will gladly send free descriptive booklet and explain how you may get a full demonstration of this remarkable hearing device In your own home without risking a penny. Write Bel tone today. Pd. Adv. Crowding Cited as Barrier for Efficient Operation of Growing State Department of Education By Margaerlte Wright Staff Writer, The Statesman Cloak rooms in the state department of education offices in the state library building have been evacuated to make place for filing cabinets and clerical workers are banging elbows with each other. Crowding has increased to such a great extent in recent years that ex ecutives say efficient operation is a strain and work Is piling up on the desks. This is the picture expansion of services with limited facilities to perform these services given by Rex Putnam, state superin tendent of pubtic instruction; O. I. Paulson, director of the divi sion of vocational education; Mil ton Coe and Irvin F. Bryan, coun sellors for the division of voca tional rehabilitation. Ten years ago 12 persons, in cluding clerical help, handled all the activities of the education of fice. The biennial budget in 1937 39 was $67,675. This year there are 52 clerical and professional workers in Putnam's office, and the biennial budget is $489,082. Laws Make Work Most of the growth in services of the department is directly due to legislative action. In 1941 the legislature launch ed the handicapped children's program under the state educa tion department The health and physical education program was imposed by law in 1945. Last year the school lunch program was passed. The federally - financed Indian education program also was turned over to Putnam last year. These four programs brought nine additional persons to the staff, and three others have been added as the superintendent's re sponsibilities increased. The basic school support law which went into effect this year meant the employment of seven additional school supervisors and three other technicians. Field Offices Formed In 1937 one director and one clerk handled the work of the division for vocational rehabili tation, under the state board of education. Since then, four field offices have been established in principal Oregon cities, and the central office in Salem houses Di rector C. F. Feike, three counsel lors and five additional personnel. Responsibilities of the division have grown accordingly. Ten years ago 839 persons were registered for aid and 91 cases were re habilitated on a budget of $25,134, half of which was federal funds. This year 2103 cases are regist ered; 1036 persons are receiving rehabilitation. The current budget is $160,761. of which $111,800 is federal aid. The 336 Oregon i a ns rehabilitated last year now earn an average weekly wage of over $40. The service costs approximately $400 per person; keeping that person on relief would cost the state about $500 a year. Service Growth Cited Changed interpretations of state and federal laws are declared to have caused the great increase in service which this division now offers. Ten years ago It provided some training and placement with the distribution of artificial limbs to needy comers. ; The services now provided ahe: 1. Medical - examinations. 2 Vocational counselling. 3 Physi cal restoration to reduce handi caps. 4 Vocational training in Oregon schools, and colleges, and apprentice programs. 5 Artifi cial appliances. 6 Maintenance for trainees. 7 Placement ser vices and follow ups. The result is more teachers, law yers, farmers, artists, bookkeep ers, stenographers, lumbermen and other useful citizens for Oregon. However, department leaders say work is being hampered by inadequate office space, and there are no private interview rooms where applicants can feel free to tell their troubles to sympathetic counsellors. Special Programs Added Within the complex machinery of the division for vocational edu Place-Scttlno iV THE MODERN WAY to start with V-1 ' 77 beautiful Gorham Sterling is to choose J V . Tf your favorite pattern and buy im units fA U of place-settings. This way yo can t o fj . eafoy your Y v2 Kir iiN nw 1 Corneas" Ster- 111 & II I ig while yo vl7 it. :2a U ' (I j I $ J; rjf II j I d! Ji ar . h i 1 Cosham I CoenaM llvi I I Coanaat I 1 . Iiiiovm Soaatoai H3 t Oto Pas west I ni.e soo i yr j i.e Hill If I if III tSm cation another story of expansion and lack of space is evident. Here every addition to the staff is due to special programs, many of them the result of the war. In 1937 there were 21 employes; the number has doubled in ten years. Services of the division have increased in ra tio. From 1940 to 1945, 350,000 per sons were trained under the divi sion's war production training pro gram. The postwar special programs include on-the-farm training and on-the-job and apprentice train ing for veterans. These additional services meant the employment of five administrators and seven clerks in the state office. The com bined programs administered un der Paulson serve about 21,000 persons. The need for more office space would be filled if offices not as sociated with the entire education al set-up could move out of the state library building Into the pro posed new office structure. But in the meantime well, Putnam points out that cloak rooms, after all, were not built for filing cab inets. Chairmen for ARC Disaster Committee Set Appointments of division chair men for the general disaster com mittee of the Marion county Red Cross chapter; has been announced by I. A. De France, general chair man, and Dr. Ralph Purvine, his assistant. The committee Is ready to as sist in contingencies arising out of the coming winter floods, fires or other calamities, DeFrance said. Telephone cards are being sent out by the committee to all city police forces, sheriffs staff, state police personnel, fire de partments, hospitals, telephone of fices and doctors' exchanges over the county. The cards contain all names and telephone numbers of key disaster personnel. The committee chairmen include Hedda Swart, .survey; H. C. Saal feld, rescue; Dr. Richard Upjohn, emergency medical aid; Homer Lyons, shelter; Joe Randall, food canteen; Hollis Huntington, cloth ing; Capt. Walter Lansing of the state police, transportation; Dr. Lawrence Riggs, registration and refugee information; Ivan Stew art, purchase and supply, and L O. Arena, public information. mm cii 0095 1ST Ceajft St u Slovens . .zzzzzr. wn