PAGE TOUR
Thm OREGON STATESMAN. Salem. Oregon. Thtwdar Moraing,- August SO. 1943
PMNMt
"No Tavor Sways U$; No Fear Shall Aire
From First Statesman, March 28, 1851
iuE Watesman publishing COMPANY
.CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher
Member of the Associated Press
The Associated Press Is exclusively, entitled to the use for publication of all
news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper.
Report on Pearl Harbor
Judging by the published summary of the re
port of the army and navy investigators on the
surprise of Pearl Harbor, the high officials at
Washington let Admiral Kimmel and General
Short take the rap while they themselves es
caped all censure. While Kimmel and Short
are severely criticized in this report, which has
been kept secret for many , months, the army
report holds that General Marshall was at least
partially responsible and the naval board crit
icizes Admiral Harold R. Stark. Marshall, how
ever, went on and proved himself the bfillia'nt
general that he is as chief of the army staff,
and Admiral Stark went on and made a fine
war record as commander of the fleet in Euro
pean waters. Kimmel and Short could probably
have redeemed their reputation, at least in
part, had they been given the opportunity. They
and they alone have suffered the blight of their
reputations from the disaster of Dec. 7, 1941.
As to Marshall, Secretary Stimson rejects the
conclusions of the army board.and President
Truman upholds the secretary. "As to Stark,
Secretary Forrestal has directed that neither
he nor Admiral Kimmel hold any position in
the United States navy "which requires the
exercise of superior judgment." The order has
no direct result because Admiral Stark has re
turned home to retire from the service, but it
does stand as a mark on his record.
Court martial proceedings are not warranted,
In the opinion of both army and navy investi
gators, to it is probable that these and the
Justice Roberts reports will be the only official
and judicial review of the incident to be made.
Historians ; will probe into the records and
argue the case for the indefinite future.fthers
will do plenty of arguing merely on the basis
of these published reports. ?
It seems- apparent that responsibility for the
lurprise was not confined to the two officers
at Pearl Harbor. Military intelligence failed to
give the correct report on movements of Japa
nese carriers. The view was held in Hawaii and
doubtless in Washington, too, that Japan would
not strike there first; and Admiral Kimmel, the
day before the strike, expressed the view that
Japan would not attack at all because of the ,
failure of Germany before Moscow. Of course,
wrong guesses do not go in wartime; and those
who make them have to go. But it does seem
that punishment for deficiency in the case of
Pearl Harbor Was not fairly apportioned; that
Kimmel and Short should not have been the
sole scapegoats for the episode.
It is fortunate, we think, that General Mar
shall was continued in command and he has
certainly proven his great capacity as general
of the armies. But Kimmel and Short might
very well have been returned to duty without
having to bear alone the onus of the surprise
of Pearl Harbor.
"Understanding" Japan
One of the "lines" Japanese leaders are put
ting out now is a renewal of the appeal to
Americans to "understand" Japan. That leaves
us cold. We heard that line in the long period
:from 1931 (invasion of Manchuria) clear up
"to the eve of Pearl Harbor. Japan's propagand
ists were continually asking Americans to "un
'derstand' the peaceful and beneficient pur
,. poses of Japan" in the orient, how Japan was
bullied by the Chinese, how Japan wanted
peace throughout east Asia. Involvement in
China was not a war, only the "Chinese inci
dent." The American people should not fall for this
appeal to "understand" Japan. We have gained
knowledge of the Japanese" in a costly manner.
. We learned their treachery at Pearl Harbor,
their cruelty in, the treatment of the prisoners
of Bataan. We are not impressed with their
present politeness nor their apparent readiness
to say "Let's make up and be friends and forget
the past," as though it was just a baseball
game they had lost. We are not going to fall
for Japanese art in flower arrangements or let
our guard down on receipt of pictures of Mt.
Fukiyama or the emperor's palace.
When Japan senses defeat of its imperialist
aims and genuinely sets about to become a
decent member of the society of nations, and
prove repentance by good works, then we may
consider restoring the country to favor with
the American people.
Just when we finally get ourselves talked
Into thinking that butter U fattening and oleo
Just as good, along comes OPA cutting the red
points But no complaint, no sir.
Editorial Comment
KELIEF VERSUS LENDING
Part of the thick confasion in which the matter
of American foreign loans is being discussed re
sults from an unconscious mingling of two ideas,
that of the lending ot recoverable capital and that
of relieving war-caused distress. Somewhere be
tween lies a third, rather loosely called rehabilita
tion. The very title of the United Nations Relief
it, Rehabilitation Administration illustrates the con
fusion in our thinking on- international finance.
Advocates ef American loans to the peoples of
Europe and Asia, loans on such a scale that (we
are told) only the government itself could make
them, play up the distress needs of the would-be
borrowers; The need and the, suffering that
creates them are real; there is no room for doubt
about that But if it is' distress that we wish to
relieve Sire should be considering relief contribu
tions, not loans. When- we talk of loans" we are
talking about ultimate repayment, if words have
any meaning..
In the longer run it will ba far better for' al
concerned if our people and our public officials
distinguish sharply between what we give for
relief and- what we -propose to invest -In the eco
nomic recovery prospects of other peoples. If this
mean for us more relief giving and less of dubious
' lending so be it Wall Street Journal
Wain wright a Hero
What a fine spirit General Wain wright shows
as he emerges from a Jap. prison camp. Ap
parently all these long yean of his imprison
ment he has worried over his surrender of
Corregidor and concerned over the attitude of
his commander-in-chief and the American pub
lic toward that surrender. How sincerely grate
ful he is that he and his brave band are not
held in scorn for their failure to hold that
fortress. He is quoted as saying on arrival at
Chungking:
"My heart goes out to President Roosevelt, to
the war department and to the American people
for their kind understanding of the misfortune
that befell me on Bataan anft Corregidor. I
' am most sorry that I cannot thank Persident
Roosevelt in person. To the American people
I say thank you with all my heart"
To which the American people, with their
hearU in their throats, respond: Our thanks
to you, sir, and to your comrades-in-arma, for
the gallant defense they made at Bataan and
Corregidor. You were fighting . against over
whelming odds. The hoped-for support failed to
come; we hold you in no blame at all that at
the end of our resources you found it neces
sary to surrender. That was a proper act under
the circumstances, to conserve the lives of men
and women in your command. We number you
among the war's heroes and regret that- our
forces of rescue have been so long in coming."
The nation is happy that General .Wain
wright, his chief of staff and aides and personal
orderly will get to see the -formal surrender
of Japan on the battleship Missouri. It was a
graceful gesture from General MacArthur to
invite Wainwright and his party to the cere
monies. But for the orders of Washington,
MacArthur himself might have had to sign the
surrender document in Corregidor and spend
the years in prison camp.
The whole United States hopes that General
Wainwright may speedily regain his strength
and that he may visit all parts of this country
to receive the acclaim which is his due and
which the people are eager to give Kim.
Interpreting
The War Newo
By JAMES D. WHITE
. Associated Press Staff Writer
SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 29.-;P)-American fight
ing men, treading the sacred soil' of Japan today
for the first time in force, are in for some surprises.
The beaten-down civilian population of. Japan
is a far cry from the frenzied stubborn fighters
most of them have been up against in the Pacific.
The illusion of peace in Japan is nearly always
overwhelming:. The littleness of everything the
crowded fields, tiny bouses, n'ar-y nj i "
row guage railways, stunted fac-feV
tory workers, dwarf trees is most j ;
difficult to associate with the
sweep and swagger of Japan's
armies in the field.
The people themselves, at home,
are among the -world's easiest to
feel sorry for and Americans
nearly always wind up sympathiz
ing with their apparently abject
submission to rigid police control,
their obvious poverty, and their
determination to work and live
despite it.
And to western eyes there is such an utter differ
ence between the ordinary Japanese women
either beautiful or homely and the cultivated
toughness of most Japanese men.
When I was last in Japan, a few months before
Pearl Harbor, the people had been living and
eating on a war basis for nearly eight years. They
showed it Their clothes were shabby, their faces
pinched and sullen. Yet they were still polite,
despite envious glances at the foreigners' leather
shoes and woolen clothing.
Although for years I had known exactly what ,
their armies had been doing . in China, my chief
feeling was one of the great tragedy which had
befallen these people, deluded and oppressed by
their own rulers, and herded into a rapacious war
effort which it was literally against the law to
comprehend. ; . ,
It is the tragedy of Japan that will hit G. X.
Joe full in the face. He will see a naturaly beauti
ful land scarred with the ugliness and human
wastage of war. Pacific correspondents report that
the American soldier has been a thorough Jap
hater until he captures one then he gives him a
cigarette. Now he'll see his captive's family, and
will wonder how a nation of beaten-down civilians
like the Japanese ever managed to get themselves
mixed up in a war of conquest '
This has nothing to do with whether American
occupation policy is to be severe or lenient. It's
simply a human problem that win rise up and hit
each soldier square in the heart A
The Japanese people, partly because of wartime
propaganda, are thoroughly scared about how
Americans are going to behave. Even before the
war, they had the idea that Americans were wild
and undisciplined. Their own discipline is that
of the serf; as a London newspaper point out, they
do not understand the discipline of free men.
So they will be fearful, and. will react in many
ways. And the G. I.. accustomed to thinking simply
of "Japs" and "Nips" will find that each Japanese
is very much an individual person, especially those
who speak English and who know something of the
- west These, of course, wift be thrust forward to
absorb the first impact ot the invading foreigners.
They win be polished accomplished men who
have been around. They will know us better, on
the whole, than we know them. Some of them
at least will press every advantage.
Few, apparently, are .going to be servile. Nearly
all will be polite for in Japan politeness is almost
i a reflex and any deviation from politeness is
usually foolhardy insult Over-politeness, too, is
insulting. ' ,
- Probably 'the thing the Japanese will feel best
about in the-occupation the-nen-frateraiatioav
order for American treaps. .. : - .
Fee the Japanese are very proud, aad their pride
is still with them.
i. O. White
k Slur giafcii -- n .
fty tnnf) wit Tka WakiMtn Staff
Turned Off
lRT I
9330000
mrorrm
Newo Behind the News
By PAUL MALLON
(Distribution by King Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction In whole
or in part strictly prohibited.)
(Continued from page 1)
commitment to provide jobs for
all."
Yet in the same statement in
i his analysis of the Murray bill,
h says:
"And finally, the bill provides
that the government itself,
through direct action, shall cre
ate useful and productive Jobs,
but only for those who have the
right to work and who cannot
otherwise exercise that right"
How can these statements be
reconciled? Senator Wagner says
that "the right to work is syn
onymous with the right to live."
Then by his own interpretation
of the bill does it not commit
the government to provide jobs
for all?
Senator Wagner goes on to
say:
"Thus the bill firmly rejects
the proposition that public em
ployment is the main avenue to
ward full employment.- It re
jects the proposition that full
employment requires continued
' deficit spending."
On the contrary I think its
sponsors assume that private en
terprise will not be able to pro
vide full employment and that
public employment must be pro
vided for all who can't get jobs
in industry. Further, the ad
vocates of this measure assume
that deficit spending will con
tinue and is justified in' order to
provide full employment They
say: MWe spent for war; shall we
not spend for peace?" And they
invoke the threat of more direct
action if something like the Mur
ray bill is not passed.
The language of the bill itself
confirms this view for it states
that "the president shall trans
mit a generar program for such
federal investment and rx""4
ture as will be sufficient to bring
the aggregate volume of-mveo-ment
and expenditure by private
business, consumers, state and
local government and the fed
eral government up to the level
required to assure a full employ
ment volume of production."
. -That leads up to the crucial
question: How will the program
be financed? Are we to keep
on piling up the national debt?
If so, what will the end be, or
WASHINGTON, Aug. 29
Pressure from mothers who want
their sons back home and serv
icemen is playing havoc with
tHe discharge and draft programs.
Mora irate mail from them has
been received in congress, and
therefore presumably also' at the
White House and war depart
ments, than upon all other sub
jects combined since V-J day. .
At that time, you will recall,
the government came forward
with the pro
gram retaining
about two-thirds
of the armed
strength for the
present peace
time, and plan
' ned a gradual
demobilizat i o n
over the long
period of 12 to
18 months.
Well, the navy p,qi uuon
changed its tune and figures two
weeks later, announcing what
was called "a speedy step-up" in
demobilization and it was all
of that, and more. It more than
doubled its earlier demobiliza
tion plan.
The army announced its re
treat through Mr. Truman's draft
message to congress. Whereas on
V-J day the army had proclaimed
intention of keeping an occupa
tion force of 2,700,000, it came
down to 1,200,000 in the Truman
recommendation.
But the army covered its re
treat with a flanking maneuver.
It inspired Mr. Truman to pro
pose the first peacetime draft in
all history of youths 18 to 25.
To me this looks like a sort of
universal military training pro
gram the youth draft in a dis
guise of demobilization require
ments. The training would pre
sumably be mostly in police work
in foreign lands, its scope limit
ed to 500,000 men, and the age
limit of course runs a little high
is there under this mellow moon
type of finanemtf to be no end?
There isi ho quarrel with the
goal of fun employment; and
government policies wisely de
veloped can do much to make at
tainment of the goal possible.
But I do not see -how we can
underwrite "full employment"
with deficit financing without
leading to a financial or political
crash.
GRIN AND BEAR IT
By Lichty-
I
i. -
teppssed
er than the youth draft plan, but
the basic idea is not dissimilar.
It would be a peacetime -draft of
youth for two years of army
service.
As I said, congress has been
hearing from mothers also the
mothers of youth to be drafted
and showed public signs of resist
ance to the Truman message to
the house and senate military af
fairs committee as soon as it ar
rived. Adding volume and sub
stance to their resistance was a
growing suspicion of army fig
ures, already once altered in two
weeks. A strong movement is
developing behind the position
takeh by chairman May of the
house committee who wants to
wait three months before doing
anything. That is the course
likely to be taken by congress.
The argument now all runs
'down into the simple question of
how many men will want to re
main as volunteers in the serv
ice. The proposition Mr. Truman
submitted was based on the as
sumption there will only be 300,
000. He figured 500,000 men
would be produced by continuing
the draft "at its -present rate,"
so you would think only 400,000
men would have to be retained
in the army to make the needed
1,200,000 for the occupational
force. But he left this last part
of it open,' saying additional sup
porting forces would be needed
in this country, but he did not
know how many. (If the army
can figure how many it needs
for occupation abroad, why can it
not figure a 'home supporting
force precisely?)
These considerations leave the
figures a little fuzzy. You - can
pull the fuzz from; them all day
long and you can only come to
the conclusion that the army does
not know:
(A) How many will volunteer
to remain in, until it asks them,
and
(B) Cannot calculate anything
else until this is proved con
clusively. The change in the demobiliza
tion plan, however, may upset
the Truman economic calcula
tions somewhat A swifter demobilization-
will release men for
civilian employment faster and
complicate that problem if it de
velops severely
.To date there are far more
jobs calling for workers in my
community than any army re
leases can fill, and the want-ads
in the newspapers I read contain
10 to 1000 more applications for
workers, than for work -
Tho Literary
Guidopoot .
By W. G. ROGEiS - .
Salem's Planning Engineer
Speaks to UoUyivooa iaohs
club Wednesday. H,cri.ion of various phases of
McClure, who gave gc -planing,
told the Lions that Salem 5Uch . community as Salem is
has really two planing commis- and wiU
sions, one is a part and a function rUnDlnr Urted
of the city council the city Plan" "Most cities just grow and tha
"J result is "usually dead end streets,
na I n twietai with danppr-
4)illlflilw - -
M I t i t: An C11.V1 vital nrnK.
OUT iDWKVUVIUi WW . y.
lems such-as arterial streets, resi-
j Aml-rr mnA industrial
are
m i areas win -"
Ol I . 1 MftraaKAn ansttji
OI neVy , H ayvvm
and through highways, can bring
about difficult problems of recon
version unless sufficient planning
is given to their construction," he
Ol mm civj wurn.. - - -ning
and zoning commission
v.- a,km non-ofifcial
UIC WMiW , p
r.-itv retained by
KlUlVUt MI"V"VI -
Chamber of Commerce and spon-
iKii suibscriDtion
U1CU WJ gy
. tt AAmmS acirtr.!. lift S&IQ
vital to the ultimate growth
Salem
Rotary
Club Initiates
Daughter Day
Daughters and granddaughters
of members were guests at the
Rotary club luncheon Wednesday
noon in the Mirror room at the
Marion hotel, The club hopes to
make this an annual affair, Tink
ham Gilbert program chairman
said in welcoming the guests.
Youth and age need one an
other in solving the problems of
the post war world. Dr. James
Millar told the Rotarians and
their guests. The speaker, is do
ing field work now for the Uni
versity of Oregon.
People should know what lib
erty has cost the nation, the
speaker said in reciting the parts
won with succeeding wars.
"We talk glibly about liberty
and we sing about it joyously, but
do we know what it has cost and
what it really means?", the speak
er asked.
The school and the home must
be responsible for building atti
tudes among the future citizens
which will shape their lives, the
speaker said.
Rosemary Ceiser, a Rotary
daughter, played two piano solos
as a special program number.
Dean Melvin Geist led members
and guests in singing several
songs specially selected for the
occasion.
BibleJEgyptian
Pyramids Aid
Case for Bull
In a lengthy opinion in which
he quoted Biblical literature and
ancient history Justice of the
Peace Joseph , Tel ton Wednesday
held that Joseph A. Herber was
not guilty of permitting a bull to
ryn at large. The case was tried
early in July and submitted on
briefs:
"The ancestry and social stand
ing of the bull antedates the pyra
mids of Egypt and the written
record reveals that in the first
civilization along the Nile a bull
was a god," F el ton wrote. "He
was an emblem and symbol of
vitality and the Egyptians wor
shipped vitality.
A persevering bull that con
quered a barbed wire fence of
five wires, two of them charged
with electricity, so that he might
enjoy the company of a - name
less heifer, did not make the
owner guilty of the crime
charged.'
Morse J. Hall was the complainant
It w't be-aaexh fan for as U be civilians again we great 1
to have battle fatlme -mt nearo!--
mmnq "Tsm wm. h
Bl (HutfWt, Brac; SSJW).
How to turn a good guy into a
Nazi is the subject of this novel
by the daughter of a pre-war
American ambassador to Ger
many. , K .
The book Is perhaps a diplo
matic event, but Wu not a liter-'
ary one. Miss Dodd's material la '
excellent, there are - numerous
dramatic Incidents with an au
thentic ring, and the. climax .
holds the reader's interest
But at fiction it seems me
chanical and contrived. In being
informative rather than creative,
VBa Dodd reminds me a little of
Upton Sinclair. These are the
notes for a novel rather than tha
novel itself; If this is th first
draft X should prefer the fifth,
or if the fifth, give me the tenth;
The hero - disintegra ting-in to
villaia is Erie Landt. His. loves
are Una and Kethe. At the end,
in Nazi fashion, he carries de
struction with him.
zmravAi, or Carolina, w wtn
w Akraasass (Sisssat A Sckastsc;
iv Sgt Wallace Young believe In
Bern ice Fair Named to
Cosmetic Therapy Body
Appointment of Bernice B.
Farr, Oregon City, as a member
of the state board of cosmetic
therapy examining board to suc
ceed Mrs. Gladys E. Innes, was
announced by Gov. Earl Snell
here Wednesday. She will assume
her new duties September 30.
Mrs. Farr has been engaged In
the cosmetic therapy business-for
20 years and during. 14 years of
that time has operated her own
shop in Oregon City. v ". ;
BUILDING SPACE GIVEN
The state board of control on
Wednesday approved a request of
the public employes retirement
association ' for headquarters
space in the park building in
Portland.
This function was created by
the 1945 legislature and two
meetings already have been held.
love and honor, but hia gentle
manly Intentions run smack into'
dat ol debbit Sex.
A graduate of Harvard, with
one love affair already consum
mated and ended, he finds him
self in a Carolina camp for a
aix-week stay prior to sailing for
the European battiefront On a
weekend leave he picks up a
girt, Jeanie Storrs, in a hotel
bar. He misses her on the first
. try. accepts a substitute, but suc-
. ceeda the- next time. .
y. Ha. does not- stop- at making
love to Jeanie; he must go on
and tall her, and himself; and
even a friend in camp, that- he
loves her His trouble is to rec
oncile eternal love, which he be
lieve stirs him, with the pros
pective six weekends. He la
"nutsT and "screwy,- says bis
soldier friend; -liuy" and
"strange," Jeanfe decides.
Tha- moral seems to be- that
Harvard men learo some facta
of life it they risk exposure- to
stated.
Problems Listed
Some . of Salem's particular
problems that he listed were re
location of Highway 99, relocation
of Southern Pacific railroad to
eliminate so many grade cross
ings, a new bus depot new bridge
across the Willamette, and new
civic affairs center to contain both
city and county offices.
McClure reported that in 1940
the center of Salem's population
was located near the bridge across
Mill Creek on 14 th street and
that the shift was going to the
north and east where the new in
dustries have been located.
250,000Poimd
TNT Explosion
A uditory Flop
HOWE, Idaho, Aug. 29-(4J)-An
explosion- of 250,000 pounds Of
TNT, set off by the VS. navy in
a waterless desert stretch in east
auditory flop today,
era Idaho, was something of an
Many residents of Idaho Falls,
30 miles away, some of them a bit
anxious as to what might happen,
said they didnt hear the sound
of the blast at all. Similar reports
came from elsewhere in Idaho.
But the experiment satisfied the
navy. Capt Walter E. Brown,
commander of the PocateUo naval
ordnance plant told reporters it
was completely successful from a
military point of view."
"Powder magazines were loca
ted around 200 feet and farther
from the center of the explosion
and none exploded or was dam
aged," he said. "Yet one half
mile away in a standard make
barracks structure, the glass win
dows were blown out"
Saddle Horse
Show Sept. 9
SHERIDAN-(Special)-The first
anual western saddle hours show
wiU be staged at the Sheridan
rodeo grounds by the Sheridan
Canter club at 1:30 pjn. Sunday,
Sept 9, with 14 events for cash
and trophies.
The program will contain sev
eral exhibitions from different
mounted posses and saddle clubs
from the valley, besides drills,
scurry, western horse, rope, sack
and saddle and bareback 'races,
calf hazing, package races and
flag races.
Gov. Snell Issues
Extradition Papers
Gov. Earl Snell Wednesday
issued naDers a&kin th -
of Robert Merrill, under arrest at
Los Angeles, who is wanted in
Jackson county on a charge of
assauii with Intent to rob.
While being held for trial Mer
rill escaped from the Jackson
county Jail on August 17. Jack
son county officers will return
the prisoner to Oregon.
m .ia weir x
STEVEIIS
Quality that
never varies
tOSTUKf
Always
a large
selection
far year
approval
Nationally
ashrerttaea
brands.
Single,
doable.
triple.
i
Opea aa Aeeevat
131 Ceart Street
Oil'