PAGE TOUR Thm OREGON STATESMAN. Salem. Oregon. Thtwdar Moraing,- August SO. 1943 PMNMt "No Tavor Sways U$; No Fear Shall Aire From First Statesman, March 28, 1851 iuE Watesman publishing COMPANY .CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press Is exclusively, entitled to the use for publication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. Report on Pearl Harbor Judging by the published summary of the re port of the army and navy investigators on the surprise of Pearl Harbor, the high officials at Washington let Admiral Kimmel and General Short take the rap while they themselves es caped all censure. While Kimmel and Short are severely criticized in this report, which has been kept secret for many , months, the army report holds that General Marshall was at least partially responsible and the naval board crit icizes Admiral Harold R. Stark. Marshall, how ever, went on and proved himself the bfillia'nt general that he is as chief of the army staff, and Admiral Stark went on and made a fine war record as commander of the fleet in Euro pean waters. Kimmel and Short could probably have redeemed their reputation, at least in part, had they been given the opportunity. They and they alone have suffered the blight of their reputations from the disaster of Dec. 7, 1941. As to Marshall, Secretary Stimson rejects the conclusions of the army board.and President Truman upholds the secretary. "As to Stark, Secretary Forrestal has directed that neither he nor Admiral Kimmel hold any position in the United States navy "which requires the exercise of superior judgment." The order has no direct result because Admiral Stark has re turned home to retire from the service, but it does stand as a mark on his record. Court martial proceedings are not warranted, In the opinion of both army and navy investi gators, to it is probable that these and the Justice Roberts reports will be the only official and judicial review of the incident to be made. Historians ; will probe into the records and argue the case for the indefinite future.fthers will do plenty of arguing merely on the basis of these published reports. ? It seems- apparent that responsibility for the lurprise was not confined to the two officers at Pearl Harbor. Military intelligence failed to give the correct report on movements of Japa nese carriers. The view was held in Hawaii and doubtless in Washington, too, that Japan would not strike there first; and Admiral Kimmel, the day before the strike, expressed the view that Japan would not attack at all because of the , failure of Germany before Moscow. Of course, wrong guesses do not go in wartime; and those who make them have to go. But it does seem that punishment for deficiency in the case of Pearl Harbor Was not fairly apportioned; that Kimmel and Short should not have been the sole scapegoats for the episode. It is fortunate, we think, that General Mar shall was continued in command and he has certainly proven his great capacity as general of the armies. But Kimmel and Short might very well have been returned to duty without having to bear alone the onus of the surprise of Pearl Harbor. "Understanding" Japan One of the "lines" Japanese leaders are put ting out now is a renewal of the appeal to Americans to "understand" Japan. That leaves us cold. We heard that line in the long period :from 1931 (invasion of Manchuria) clear up "to the eve of Pearl Harbor. Japan's propagand ists were continually asking Americans to "un 'derstand' the peaceful and beneficient pur ,. poses of Japan" in the orient, how Japan was bullied by the Chinese, how Japan wanted peace throughout east Asia. Involvement in China was not a war, only the "Chinese inci dent." The American people should not fall for this appeal to "understand" Japan. We have gained knowledge of the Japanese" in a costly manner. . We learned their treachery at Pearl Harbor, their cruelty in, the treatment of the prisoners of Bataan. We are not impressed with their present politeness nor their apparent readiness to say "Let's make up and be friends and forget the past," as though it was just a baseball game they had lost. We are not going to fall for Japanese art in flower arrangements or let our guard down on receipt of pictures of Mt. Fukiyama or the emperor's palace. When Japan senses defeat of its imperialist aims and genuinely sets about to become a decent member of the society of nations, and prove repentance by good works, then we may consider restoring the country to favor with the American people. Just when we finally get ourselves talked Into thinking that butter U fattening and oleo Just as good, along comes OPA cutting the red points But no complaint, no sir. Editorial Comment KELIEF VERSUS LENDING Part of the thick confasion in which the matter of American foreign loans is being discussed re sults from an unconscious mingling of two ideas, that of the lending ot recoverable capital and that of relieving war-caused distress. Somewhere be tween lies a third, rather loosely called rehabilita tion. The very title of the United Nations Relief it, Rehabilitation Administration illustrates the con fusion in our thinking on- international finance. Advocates ef American loans to the peoples of Europe and Asia, loans on such a scale that (we are told) only the government itself could make them, play up the distress needs of the would-be borrowers; The need and the, suffering that creates them are real; there is no room for doubt about that But if it is' distress that we wish to relieve Sire should be considering relief contribu tions, not loans. When- we talk of loans" we are talking about ultimate repayment, if words have any meaning.. In the longer run it will ba far better for' al concerned if our people and our public officials distinguish sharply between what we give for relief and- what we -propose to invest -In the eco nomic recovery prospects of other peoples. If this mean for us more relief giving and less of dubious ' lending so be it Wall Street Journal Wain wright a Hero What a fine spirit General Wain wright shows as he emerges from a Jap. prison camp. Ap parently all these long yean of his imprison ment he has worried over his surrender of Corregidor and concerned over the attitude of his commander-in-chief and the American pub lic toward that surrender. How sincerely grate ful he is that he and his brave band are not held in scorn for their failure to hold that fortress. He is quoted as saying on arrival at Chungking: "My heart goes out to President Roosevelt, to the war department and to the American people for their kind understanding of the misfortune that befell me on Bataan anft Corregidor. I ' am most sorry that I cannot thank Persident Roosevelt in person. To the American people I say thank you with all my heart" To which the American people, with their hearU in their throats, respond: Our thanks to you, sir, and to your comrades-in-arma, for the gallant defense they made at Bataan and Corregidor. You were fighting . against over whelming odds. The hoped-for support failed to come; we hold you in no blame at all that at the end of our resources you found it neces sary to surrender. That was a proper act under the circumstances, to conserve the lives of men and women in your command. We number you among the war's heroes and regret that- our forces of rescue have been so long in coming." The nation is happy that General .Wain wright, his chief of staff and aides and personal orderly will get to see the -formal surrender of Japan on the battleship Missouri. It was a graceful gesture from General MacArthur to invite Wainwright and his party to the cere monies. But for the orders of Washington, MacArthur himself might have had to sign the surrender document in Corregidor and spend the years in prison camp. The whole United States hopes that General Wainwright may speedily regain his strength and that he may visit all parts of this country to receive the acclaim which is his due and which the people are eager to give Kim. Interpreting The War Newo By JAMES D. WHITE . Associated Press Staff Writer SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 29.-;P)-American fight ing men, treading the sacred soil' of Japan today for the first time in force, are in for some surprises. The beaten-down civilian population of. Japan is a far cry from the frenzied stubborn fighters most of them have been up against in the Pacific. The illusion of peace in Japan is nearly always overwhelming:. The littleness of everything the crowded fields, tiny bouses, n'ar-y nj i " row guage railways, stunted fac-feV tory workers, dwarf trees is most j ; difficult to associate with the sweep and swagger of Japan's armies in the field. The people themselves, at home, are among the -world's easiest to feel sorry for and Americans nearly always wind up sympathiz ing with their apparently abject submission to rigid police control, their obvious poverty, and their determination to work and live despite it. And to western eyes there is such an utter differ ence between the ordinary Japanese women either beautiful or homely and the cultivated toughness of most Japanese men. When I was last in Japan, a few months before Pearl Harbor, the people had been living and eating on a war basis for nearly eight years. They showed it Their clothes were shabby, their faces pinched and sullen. Yet they were still polite, despite envious glances at the foreigners' leather shoes and woolen clothing. Although for years I had known exactly what , their armies had been doing . in China, my chief feeling was one of the great tragedy which had befallen these people, deluded and oppressed by their own rulers, and herded into a rapacious war effort which it was literally against the law to comprehend. ; . , It is the tragedy of Japan that will hit G. X. Joe full in the face. He will see a naturaly beauti ful land scarred with the ugliness and human wastage of war. Pacific correspondents report that the American soldier has been a thorough Jap hater until he captures one then he gives him a cigarette. Now he'll see his captive's family, and will wonder how a nation of beaten-down civilians like the Japanese ever managed to get themselves mixed up in a war of conquest ' This has nothing to do with whether American occupation policy is to be severe or lenient. It's simply a human problem that win rise up and hit each soldier square in the heart A The Japanese people, partly because of wartime propaganda, are thoroughly scared about how Americans are going to behave. Even before the war, they had the idea that Americans were wild and undisciplined. Their own discipline is that of the serf; as a London newspaper point out, they do not understand the discipline of free men. So they will be fearful, and. will react in many ways. And the G. I.. accustomed to thinking simply of "Japs" and "Nips" will find that each Japanese is very much an individual person, especially those who speak English and who know something of the - west These, of course, wift be thrust forward to absorb the first impact ot the invading foreigners. They win be polished accomplished men who have been around. They will know us better, on the whole, than we know them. Some of them at least will press every advantage. Few, apparently, are .going to be servile. Nearly all will be polite for in Japan politeness is almost i a reflex and any deviation from politeness is usually foolhardy insult Over-politeness, too, is insulting. ' , - Probably 'the thing the Japanese will feel best about in the-occupation the-nen-frateraiatioav order for American treaps. .. : - . Fee the Japanese are very proud, aad their pride is still with them. i. O. White k Slur giafcii -- n . fty tnnf) wit Tka WakiMtn Staff Turned Off lRT I 9330000 mrorrm Newo Behind the News By PAUL MALLON (Distribution by King Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction In whole or in part strictly prohibited.) (Continued from page 1) commitment to provide jobs for all." Yet in the same statement in i his analysis of the Murray bill, h says: "And finally, the bill provides that the government itself, through direct action, shall cre ate useful and productive Jobs, but only for those who have the right to work and who cannot otherwise exercise that right" How can these statements be reconciled? Senator Wagner says that "the right to work is syn onymous with the right to live." Then by his own interpretation of the bill does it not commit the government to provide jobs for all? Senator Wagner goes on to say: "Thus the bill firmly rejects the proposition that public em ployment is the main avenue to ward full employment.- It re jects the proposition that full employment requires continued ' deficit spending." On the contrary I think its sponsors assume that private en terprise will not be able to pro vide full employment and that public employment must be pro vided for all who can't get jobs in industry. Further, the ad vocates of this measure assume that deficit spending will con tinue and is justified in' order to provide full employment They say: MWe spent for war; shall we not spend for peace?" And they invoke the threat of more direct action if something like the Mur ray bill is not passed. The language of the bill itself confirms this view for it states that "the president shall trans mit a generar program for such federal investment and rx""4 ture as will be sufficient to bring the aggregate volume of-mveo-ment and expenditure by private business, consumers, state and local government and the fed eral government up to the level required to assure a full employ ment volume of production." . -That leads up to the crucial question: How will the program be financed? Are we to keep on piling up the national debt? If so, what will the end be, or WASHINGTON, Aug. 29 Pressure from mothers who want their sons back home and serv icemen is playing havoc with tHe discharge and draft programs. Mora irate mail from them has been received in congress, and therefore presumably also' at the White House and war depart ments, than upon all other sub jects combined since V-J day. . At that time, you will recall, the government came forward with the pro gram retaining about two-thirds of the armed strength for the present peace time, and plan ' ned a gradual demobilizat i o n over the long period of 12 to 18 months. Well, the navy p,qi uuon changed its tune and figures two weeks later, announcing what was called "a speedy step-up" in demobilization and it was all of that, and more. It more than doubled its earlier demobiliza tion plan. The army announced its re treat through Mr. Truman's draft message to congress. Whereas on V-J day the army had proclaimed intention of keeping an occupa tion force of 2,700,000, it came down to 1,200,000 in the Truman recommendation. But the army covered its re treat with a flanking maneuver. It inspired Mr. Truman to pro pose the first peacetime draft in all history of youths 18 to 25. To me this looks like a sort of universal military training pro gram the youth draft in a dis guise of demobilization require ments. The training would pre sumably be mostly in police work in foreign lands, its scope limit ed to 500,000 men, and the age limit of course runs a little high is there under this mellow moon type of finanemtf to be no end? There isi ho quarrel with the goal of fun employment; and government policies wisely de veloped can do much to make at tainment of the goal possible. But I do not see -how we can underwrite "full employment" with deficit financing without leading to a financial or political crash. GRIN AND BEAR IT By Lichty- I i. - teppssed er than the youth draft plan, but the basic idea is not dissimilar. It would be a peacetime -draft of youth for two years of army service. As I said, congress has been hearing from mothers also the mothers of youth to be drafted and showed public signs of resist ance to the Truman message to the house and senate military af fairs committee as soon as it ar rived. Adding volume and sub stance to their resistance was a growing suspicion of army fig ures, already once altered in two weeks. A strong movement is developing behind the position takeh by chairman May of the house committee who wants to wait three months before doing anything. That is the course likely to be taken by congress. The argument now all runs 'down into the simple question of how many men will want to re main as volunteers in the serv ice. The proposition Mr. Truman submitted was based on the as sumption there will only be 300, 000. He figured 500,000 men would be produced by continuing the draft "at its -present rate," so you would think only 400,000 men would have to be retained in the army to make the needed 1,200,000 for the occupational force. But he left this last part of it open,' saying additional sup porting forces would be needed in this country, but he did not know how many. (If the army can figure how many it needs for occupation abroad, why can it not figure a 'home supporting force precisely?) These considerations leave the figures a little fuzzy. You - can pull the fuzz from; them all day long and you can only come to the conclusion that the army does not know: (A) How many will volunteer to remain in, until it asks them, and (B) Cannot calculate anything else until this is proved con clusively. The change in the demobiliza tion plan, however, may upset the Truman economic calcula tions somewhat A swifter demobilization- will release men for civilian employment faster and complicate that problem if it de velops severely .To date there are far more jobs calling for workers in my community than any army re leases can fill, and the want-ads in the newspapers I read contain 10 to 1000 more applications for workers, than for work - Tho Literary Guidopoot . By W. G. ROGEiS - . Salem's Planning Engineer Speaks to UoUyivooa iaohs club Wednesday. H,cri.ion of various phases of McClure, who gave gc -planing, told the Lions that Salem 5Uch . community as Salem is has really two planing commis- and wiU sions, one is a part and a function rUnDlnr Urted of the city council the city Plan" "Most cities just grow and tha "J result is "usually dead end streets, na I n twietai with danppr- 4)illlflilw - - M I t i t: An C11.V1 vital nrnK. OUT iDWKVUVIUi WW . y. lems such-as arterial streets, resi- j Aml-rr mnA industrial are m i areas win -" Ol I . 1 MftraaKAn ansttji OI neVy , H ayvvm and through highways, can bring about difficult problems of recon version unless sufficient planning is given to their construction," he Ol mm civj wurn.. - - -ning and zoning commission v.- a,km non-ofifcial UIC WMiW , p r.-itv retained by KlUlVUt MI"V"VI - Chamber of Commerce and spon- iKii suibscriDtion U1CU WJ gy . tt AAmmS acirtr.!. lift S&IQ vital to the ultimate growth Salem Rotary Club Initiates Daughter Day Daughters and granddaughters of members were guests at the Rotary club luncheon Wednesday noon in the Mirror room at the Marion hotel, The club hopes to make this an annual affair, Tink ham Gilbert program chairman said in welcoming the guests. Youth and age need one an other in solving the problems of the post war world. Dr. James Millar told the Rotarians and their guests. The speaker, is do ing field work now for the Uni versity of Oregon. People should know what lib erty has cost the nation, the speaker said in reciting the parts won with succeeding wars. "We talk glibly about liberty and we sing about it joyously, but do we know what it has cost and what it really means?", the speak er asked. The school and the home must be responsible for building atti tudes among the future citizens which will shape their lives, the speaker said. Rosemary Ceiser, a Rotary daughter, played two piano solos as a special program number. Dean Melvin Geist led members and guests in singing several songs specially selected for the occasion. BibleJEgyptian Pyramids Aid Case for Bull In a lengthy opinion in which he quoted Biblical literature and ancient history Justice of the Peace Joseph , Tel ton Wednesday held that Joseph A. Herber was not guilty of permitting a bull to ryn at large. The case was tried early in July and submitted on briefs: "The ancestry and social stand ing of the bull antedates the pyra mids of Egypt and the written record reveals that in the first civilization along the Nile a bull was a god," F el ton wrote. "He was an emblem and symbol of vitality and the Egyptians wor shipped vitality. A persevering bull that con quered a barbed wire fence of five wires, two of them charged with electricity, so that he might enjoy the company of a - name less heifer, did not make the owner guilty of the crime charged.' Morse J. Hall was the complainant It w't be-aaexh fan for as U be civilians again we great 1 to have battle fatlme -mt nearo!-- mmnq "Tsm wm. h Bl (HutfWt, Brac; SSJW). How to turn a good guy into a Nazi is the subject of this novel by the daughter of a pre-war American ambassador to Ger many. , K . The book Is perhaps a diplo matic event, but Wu not a liter-' ary one. Miss Dodd's material la ' excellent, there are - numerous dramatic Incidents with an au thentic ring, and the. climax . holds the reader's interest But at fiction it seems me chanical and contrived. In being informative rather than creative, VBa Dodd reminds me a little of Upton Sinclair. These are the notes for a novel rather than tha novel itself; If this is th first draft X should prefer the fifth, or if the fifth, give me the tenth; The hero - disintegra ting-in to villaia is Erie Landt. His. loves are Una and Kethe. At the end, in Nazi fashion, he carries de struction with him. zmravAi, or Carolina, w wtn w Akraasass (Sisssat A Sckastsc; iv Sgt Wallace Young believe In Bern ice Fair Named to Cosmetic Therapy Body Appointment of Bernice B. Farr, Oregon City, as a member of the state board of cosmetic therapy examining board to suc ceed Mrs. Gladys E. Innes, was announced by Gov. Earl Snell here Wednesday. She will assume her new duties September 30. Mrs. Farr has been engaged In the cosmetic therapy business-for 20 years and during. 14 years of that time has operated her own shop in Oregon City. v ". ; BUILDING SPACE GIVEN The state board of control on Wednesday approved a request of the public employes retirement association ' for headquarters space in the park building in Portland. This function was created by the 1945 legislature and two meetings already have been held. love and honor, but hia gentle manly Intentions run smack into' dat ol debbit Sex. A graduate of Harvard, with one love affair already consum mated and ended, he finds him self in a Carolina camp for a aix-week stay prior to sailing for the European battiefront On a weekend leave he picks up a girt, Jeanie Storrs, in a hotel bar. He misses her on the first . try. accepts a substitute, but suc- . ceeda the- next time. . y. Ha. does not- stop- at making love to Jeanie; he must go on and tall her, and himself; and even a friend in camp, that- he loves her His trouble is to rec oncile eternal love, which he be lieve stirs him, with the pros pective six weekends. He la "nutsT and "screwy,- says bis soldier friend; -liuy" and "strange," Jeanfe decides. Tha- moral seems to be- that Harvard men learo some facta of life it they risk exposure- to stated. Problems Listed Some . of Salem's particular problems that he listed were re location of Highway 99, relocation of Southern Pacific railroad to eliminate so many grade cross ings, a new bus depot new bridge across the Willamette, and new civic affairs center to contain both city and county offices. McClure reported that in 1940 the center of Salem's population was located near the bridge across Mill Creek on 14 th street and that the shift was going to the north and east where the new in dustries have been located. 250,000Poimd TNT Explosion A uditory Flop HOWE, Idaho, Aug. 29-(4J)-An explosion- of 250,000 pounds Of TNT, set off by the VS. navy in a waterless desert stretch in east auditory flop today, era Idaho, was something of an Many residents of Idaho Falls, 30 miles away, some of them a bit anxious as to what might happen, said they didnt hear the sound of the blast at all. Similar reports came from elsewhere in Idaho. But the experiment satisfied the navy. Capt Walter E. Brown, commander of the PocateUo naval ordnance plant told reporters it was completely successful from a military point of view." "Powder magazines were loca ted around 200 feet and farther from the center of the explosion and none exploded or was dam aged," he said. "Yet one half mile away in a standard make barracks structure, the glass win dows were blown out" Saddle Horse Show Sept. 9 SHERIDAN-(Special)-The first anual western saddle hours show wiU be staged at the Sheridan rodeo grounds by the Sheridan Canter club at 1:30 pjn. Sunday, Sept 9, with 14 events for cash and trophies. The program will contain sev eral exhibitions from different mounted posses and saddle clubs from the valley, besides drills, scurry, western horse, rope, sack and saddle and bareback 'races, calf hazing, package races and flag races. Gov. Snell Issues Extradition Papers Gov. Earl Snell Wednesday issued naDers a&kin th - of Robert Merrill, under arrest at Los Angeles, who is wanted in Jackson county on a charge of assauii with Intent to rob. While being held for trial Mer rill escaped from the Jackson county Jail on August 17. Jack son county officers will return the prisoner to Oregon. m .ia weir x STEVEIIS Quality that never varies tOSTUKf Always a large selection far year approval Nationally ashrerttaea brands. Single, doable. triple. i Opea aa Aeeevat 131 Ceart Street Oil'