tej&oti
Where Naval Group Wants U-S. to Keep Bases in Pacific j Mqwq
-8 f. '
Wo Favor Sway V; No Fear Shall Awe
From First Statesman, March 28, 1851 i
THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING COklPANY
j CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher I
' : - " m i I
Member of the Associated Press i f I
The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for publication of all
news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited In this newspaper.
mm
i i
V
k
Pacific Bases I
A subcommittee of the house naval affairs
committee has made a report recommending
retention of bases through the western Pacific.
Following the statement of President Truman
declaring the same public policy it may be
regarded as settled that the United States will
keep many of the key points which it has oc
cupied during the war. .This is permissible
under the terms of the Charter of the United
Nations, though it does not square with the
strict interpretation of the Atlantic Charter.
The congressional subcommittee made four
recommendations:
1st, the United States should dominate Mic
ronesia, the nest of island along the equator,
Carolines, Marshalls and Marianas also the
outlying islands of Japan, the Izus, Bonins
and Ryukus.
2nd, we should have deficits rights to certain
sites we have developed on territories of our
allies in the Pacific.
3rd, full title should be given to American
bases on Guadalcanal, at Noumea, Espirity
Santo, etc.
4th, these bases should not be permitted to
lapse into conditions of poor preparedness.
With due respect to the recommendations of
the subcommittee we would express the view
that our final policy should be worked out as
a joint enterprise in which the state depart
ment, war and navy departments and congres
sional committees and the director of the budget
should have a hand. It would be a mistake to
try to grab all the pinpoints of islands in the
Pacific. It is not necessary. We will do better
to select the key points and then brace them.
However we must beware of being caught
as the Japs have been in this war. For example
if our Hawaiian base should fall then all our
outlying bases would be rendered virtually im
potent. Our strategic frontier therefore must be
studied carefully before selections are made.
We must remember too that aircraft carriers,
longer-range bombers and rocket bombs mini
mize the value of exposed bases, unless they
are firmly held. The carrier as we have devel
oped it has become a movable base.
i Our policy with reference to the Pacific
can hardly be unilateral. We have to regard
the interests of the British Commonwealth of
nations, of Australia in particular, of China
and of Russia. Nor should we ignore the ob
ligations of the Charter of the United Nations.
If this organization succeeds as an instrument
ality for keeping peace we can reduce our com
mitments in the Pacific, but hardly until then.
There is virtually no commercial value in
retention of such island outposts. They are
economically deficient and we will have to
pour in money to give the natives a decent
standard of living.
For all these reasons our policy in the Pa
cific needs to be studied with extreme care,
and be reasonably flexible to meet changes
In the future.
1
Fines on Borax Concerns
The twenty-mule teams will have to haul a
.Jot of borax out of the desert to pay the fines
levied by the United States court on the borax
companies for violating the Sherman anti-trust
act. The six American, British and former Ger
man companies and , their officers were fined
Editorial Comment
NON-APPEASER STEPS OUT
Governor Snell last Wednesday expressed "shock
and keen regret" at the resignation of Paul Crooks
as chairman of the state liquor control commission.
Doubtless . others who are earnestly interested in
forthright administration of the liquor control
act share the same feeling.
: The governor . also said that Chairman Crooks
as a member of the commission "has rendered
an outstanding service and given unsparingly of
his time and effort." That, too, was a statement
of fact. Chairman Crooks la a busy man in atten
tion to his private affairs, yet he took time out
for daily visits to the headquarters offices of the
1 commission and personal attention to the details of
the commission's business. His oversight of the
functioning of the commission was not limited to
the two or three-day monthly meetings. He was
on the job all the time.
Where Chairman Crooks did not mesh with his
two fellow commissioners, and the commission's
administrator, was that he did not like to be
pushed around by licensees of the commission or
those without licenses who were operating without
them, or their attorneys.
One of the last chocks he put under the wheels
of that ilk was laid down just before his resignation,
when he proposed the rule that continued operation
of licensees under order of suspension: be stopped
immediately whenever the commission had sus
tained its decision after aa appeal, even though
application for a rehearing, were filed. The practice
had been that operations were allowed as long a?
licensee were before the commission either on
Initial appeal or application for rehearing, a very
convenient arrangement for the licensee. "
The belated application of the Gold Room, a
night spot which long had been a. thorn in the
side of the commission, for a service license, and
the majority reversal of the commission's stand by
Commissioners Lilley and Kirkpatrick and Ad
ministrator Conway, was the last straw to break
down Chairman Crooks patience and force his
resignation. With three cases ' pending in - court
against the Gold Room and the recognized Intent
bf its attorney to make these the test of commission
Jurisdiction, and after prior decision of the com
mission to take no action on the license application
until after the court had acted. Commissioners
Lilley and Kirkpatrick, supported by the recommen
dation of Administrator Conway, reversed them
selves and granted the license. Chairman Crooks
put the' motion made by Lilley and seconded by
Kirkpatrick and announced his resignation. '
Chairman Crooks does not believe in a policy
of appeasement in the administration and enforce
ment of the liquor control act So he got tired of
"botttntf ssafnstit and quit--RaIprr Watson in Ore
gon Journal. - - . -t
$146,000. Of course, that is probably just a
fraction of the toll theyj have taken through
their fixing of prices. I i j ' ' M
In addition the? British interests are required
to sell two of the mines they have owned and
to drop a suit against the secretary of i the
interior in which they were trying to get
patent to ten acres of one of the world's richest
deposits of kernite, from Which the commercial
borax is derived, which J was valued at from
seven to ten million dollars. I
The persistent I efforts bf the department of
justice will bring results in making business
concerns pay more respect to the Sherman act.
Business itself,! which talks a lot about free
enterprise, doesn't hesitate to shackle competi
tion in order to gouge the public. 1 t
1 Tf -
Plants for Experiments L - !
Springfield's wood alcohol plant is in the
same boat as Salem's alumina plant; the war
ended before either got to operating.: Like our
alumina venture, the alochol plant j is some
thing of an experiment, to see if it is practical
to produce alcohbl from j waste wood. In both
cases the experiments should be carried out
so that operation techniques may be learned
and costs determined. j ' i
What "needs to be solved with the Springfield
plant is disposal of the 1 waste liquors which
result from the j process! We have been told
they were in such quantity and of such chemical
strength they would destroy fish life in the
Willamette. Researchers at Oregon State college
are working on the problem but we have heard
of no solution. ;
5
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JAPAN
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HAWAIIAN
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AUSTRALIA
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ehind the WevG
. By PAUL MALLON
(Distribution by King Featurea Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction In whole
- or In part strictly prohibited.)
Map locates sites for naval bases in the Pacific which would be retained by the U. SL under recom
mendations of the house naval subcommittee report which asserted the V. 8. shoeld retain eotright
some islands taken from the Japanese, and that other bases should be maintained la the Pacific. The
report nrred that full title bo obtained for thoao bases fat islands mandated to other nations which
cannot defend them. Shaded area traces sons ant-rested as main line sir strategy fori defense la the
Pacific. (AP wirephoto map) ) j - - ?
It's gradually getting easier for some folks
to remember they've gas' enough so they don't
have to walk or take a bus down town. But
it'll be a few days yet j before everyone gets
in the habit of remembering where they parked
the car. ' . - ! I 1 I1 1 1
-5
J
t LA
. D. Whit
The Japanese wouldn't have had to ' under
stand English to get thej gist of the : quite-expressive
comments which? greeted the news .that
some of our fliers still were being shot down
over Tokyo aftet the surrender. l i
Interpreting Ij
The War I News i
By JAMES D. WHITE I - .
- AnectaUd PrM 1 Staff Writer j : ffi ;
SAN FRANCISCO, Aug! 20.-)-Evcn without
his handle-bar moustache, I think I recognized Lt.
Gen. Takashiro Kawabe from his picture.
He is the unfortunate Shamurai chosen to head
the mission to General MacArthur to learn the
terms of Japanese surrender.
If this is the Kawabe I knew, years ago, he has
plumbed the depths of degradation for a Japanese,
for when I knew him he was a
conoueror. '
9. -. A . 1A9ij
it, was August ,, ivoi,:.mm a
mechanized Japanese army bri
gade was taking over the an
cient capital of China, Peipfng.
Along the mimosa-lined street
rolled a staff car, and in the staff
car was General Kawabe his mous
taches waving in the breeze.
But the story begins still earl
ier. Early in 1937, some months
before the Japanese invaded China
'from their Manchurian base but
were already planning to, the com
mandant of the Japanese embassy guard threw a
party for foreign correspondents. j It I
The commandant was a Col. T. Kawabe, famous
locally for his handle-bar, moustaches but ', whose
first name, we Were told, was a military secret
He was being transferred to Manchuria, and
wanted to entertain the foreign press before he
left. That was , the story. Trom the careful ques
tioning at the dinner it was apparent the: Japanese
wanted to know exactly what foreign correspond
ents thought about Japan and what she was doing.
Kawabe was a! red-faced little man, unusually
so for a Japanese. He had the ruddiness and the
liveliness of some Yankee; country storekeeper.
lt was one of those banquets where you sit 00
the floor in your socks and try to avoid drinking
as much sake as I the Japanese want you to.
Kawabe, as host, was all over the place and got
boisterously tight as he tried to get us drunk. He
confided to each his consuming friendship1 for for
eigners who understood Japan's real intentions, and,
held our hand as. he labored in English! to get
us to tell him what we really though about Japan.
It was all according to protocol at first, and he
held the hand of the oldest guest first, but soon
abandoned this order to get to the representatives,
of the bigger news agencies. I i j
He got very gay, along with the other Japanese.
present, and ended up by giving us a demonstra
tion of how he could walk on his hands.! .
He was good, too. He stumped around the room
upside-down, and the skirts of his long black
kimono fell down over his head. He was wearing
long underwear. ' s
Kawabe then went to Manchuria, but soon earner
back. . j - ,. . .. - . , t, I , - . ;, vf-
When war broke out with China the next sum
mer a mechanized brigade thundered down through
the great wall and encircled Peiping. Its job was
to let the Chinese garrison slip out and thus take
the great cultural center intact Kawabe, who knew
the city intimately from his service there as garri
son commandant did exactly that as leader of
the mechanized force. : 1 ' .. -. 1 J' 1, . .v
s Unlike most Japanese militarists, he did not
swagger as ha rode into town in his staff car
with-moustaches flying. He soon turned command
over to General Count Terauchi, and disappeared;
From his pictures radiophotoed from; Manila, he
is much changed today. The proud moustaches are
gone, but the jutting cheekbones and the stiff eait
100K tne same. He
older.
Tho Literary
Guidcpost
! By W. G. ROGERS
DEMOCRACT IN AMERICA, bjr Al
exia d TocqaeTlU (Knopf; S6).
Since Tocqueville wrote his
classic more than a century ago,
a delay in reviewing this edi
tion! published in April, ought
not to matter. Perhaps the most
astonishing aspect of the young
French visitor's undoubted ge
nius is that so many of the ob
servations he made in 1831-2 are
as true today as they were then,
or as they were three months
ago.'
Tocqueville was a royalist or
at least a Bourbon, sympathizer.
He and a friend, Gustavo da
Beaumont, came here to investi
gate prisons, stayed to study de
mocracy in action. Tocqueville
saw America under one of the
most forthright democrats: Pres
ident Jackson; ho wrote for
Frenchmen living under one of ,
the least effective monarchs:
Louis-Philippe tho Orleanist.
But in a larger sense he wrote
for all peoples in all times. Phi
losophers had theorized about
the equalitarian, democratic
state, but it remained for him
to take an actual example apart
and! study it piece by piece. Ho
made unique discoveries about
us and our government, and
phrased them suberbly.
We might ask ourselves how
many of these observations,
picked at random, would apply
to us now: Tho characteristics
of the American journalist con
sist ! in an open and course ap
peal to tho passions of his read
ers.!. . I know of no country
in which there is so little inde
pendence of mind and real free
dom of discussion as in Amer-
5 , .s -
: AT THE FBONTl -
War Has Left Franc
Poor. Bewildered,
But Full of Ambition
1 I By Robert WllseR
(Subbing for Kenneth L. Dixon)
PARIS, Aug. 1MP)-Ai bath
tub and refrigerator in ! every
French home is one facet of a
program under which the poor
ly housed French people hope to
raise their standard of living
closer to the American standard.
"The French are the worst
housed people in Europe," Re
construction Min i s t e r Raoul
Dautry says. "Our hygienic le
vel hasn't made any progress
since the - time of Charles X
(1830)."
In addition to sanitary com
plaints, French farmers in Brl
tanny resent the dollar a day
paid German prisoners working
the 'farms while the French
farm labor wage is fixed at 80
cents daily ... France's popu
lation is now estimated at 40,
300,000 which is 900,000 less
than in September, 1939. An es
timated 100,000 troops were
killed in 1939-40, another 50,
000 from then to the war's end,
while 100,000 civilians were
killed by bombings and shell
fire, 4000 were executed by the
Germans as French traitors and
60,000 died as slave laborers for
the reich . . . French clocks, now
six hours ahead of New York
timo, will be turned back an
hour.
A call via civilian lines from
here to Reims, 75 miles distant
takes at least three hours . i .
Girl operators are hard to find
because the salary is $65
monthly. !
Much has been spoken and
written about j Frances food
shortage . . . The stark facts are
that a Frenchman who before
the war ate 95 pounds of meat
yearly pow has 1 pound,
compared to the American con
sumption of 141 pounds per
capita; 12 pounds of fats com
pared tq 33 pounds in France
in 1939, and 13 pounds of sugar
compared to 47 five' years ago
J . . French "newspapers care
fully pointed out that under, the
law Gen. Petain'a condemnation
to "national indignity" means he
ho longer has tho right to the
title "manhaH .1. . France cur
rently has 200,000 nazi prisoners
at work and hopes eventually to '
raise this number to 1,400,000
. . . As first reparations" she
anticipates 00,000 pairs of shoes
from a German factory at Pir
maeson. ,
icaJ
(The prejudice of race
is nowhere) so intolerent as in
those states where servitude has
never been known. . . . In aris
tocracies a few great pictures
are; produced; in democratic
countries a vast number of in
significant ones. . . . Democracy
not j only infuses a taste for let
ters among the trading classes,
but! introduces a trading spirit
intq literature. . . (Democratic
communities) will endure pov
erty, : servitude, barbarism, but
.they will not endure aristocracy.'
. . . The Americans, in their in
tercourse with strangers (for
eigners), appear Impatient of the
The French telephone system
is currently one of the mora
mysterious phenomenona on the
face of the globe. It is a common
experience to find yourself sud
denly conversing with someone
who has telephoned you while
you were talking to someone
else. Apparently finding your
conversation dull for eavesdrop
ping purposes, the operator
simply cuts in another call . . .
smallest censure and Insatiable
of praise."
This smartly designed, two
vohune, boxed edition is tho
Reeves translation as revised by
Bowen, now eorected and an
notated by Dr. Phillips Bradley,
of ! Queens College. Bradley is
correct in noting that it is time
for a brand new translation.
GRIN AND BEAR IT
By Lichty
looks, of course, many years'
Kawabe used to be one of the more anpealinc
Japanese, one of those who seems in spite bf long
military careers to have a joke dancing j in his
eye, but who is alj spit and polish and military
efficiency at the same time.
- 1,7. ' -
1
wffi? M.
French . newspa per editors
struggled heroically trying to
translate "blood and guts" when
Gen. George S. Patton. jr.,
came to Paris . . In French
slang the American monicker
came out "sang et cran" (blood
and intelligence) and "sang et
tripe." j
V K
the -1""
Safety Valve
LETTERS FROM STATESMAN
READERS I
END DAYLIGHT SATINO
To the Editor: 1 i;
Now that we are passing from
war-time to peace time and,
probably, to considerable unem
ployment, it seems appropriate
to allow the world's workers a
chance to go to work by day
. light J . .-
"Daylight-saving" is a misno
mer, known as such by every
student of science, as well i as
by most early risers; ao why
should we continue to cheat our
selves, just to please a minority
of the commercial interests?
- But owing, to the nature of
our government no change Is
likely; until individuals and or
ganizations - request it of their
congressmen. So, now that no
one can be accused of sabotaging -the
war effort,: many of them
will welcome such requests. ;
- " Respectfully, i
JOSEPH E. TORBET,
961 Oak St
SV1
"Ow plans f or pace are sbstiBtiaUy the same as they were for
war, colonel 4t all has to be done ia triplicater . '
Vehicle Registration
Touls 408,406 Uniu
Motor " vehicle registration i In
Oregon at the end of July totaled
408,406 units, an Increase of . 3400
units over the registration at the
same time last year. Secretary of
State Robert S. farrell, JrH an
nounced here today.
Of the total, 322,671 were pri
vate passenger cars which-represented
a slight decrease from the
total of 323,543 registered a year
ago. '." I - ' ' :-
There were 1142 busses, 15,383
light trucks and 45,448 heavy
trucks. Registration fees totaled
$3,454,443.07 compared to 33,345,
192.94 a year ago,-, , " .
CRASHES RETORTED
MEDFORD, Aug. 20.-(P-First
weekend after gas rationing end
ed here today with five persons in
a hospital from four accidents.
WASHINGTON, August 20.
The confusion about where the
United States is going in this
world seems developing into a
debate. Mr. Churchill, still the
best reporter of j International
events in his new secondary role
(his speeches 'give more news)
told parliament the U. S. "at
the minute stands at the summit
of the world."
He added that
in power -and
responsibility it
would take two
or three years
before our great
progress is over
taken. Yet since
peace, all you
hear on our ra
dio every hour
on the hour are : pasi auiiew
doleful tomes about how many
unemployed there will be and
Mr. Truman has summoned back
congress primarily to raise the
unemployment compensation lev
el from $20 to $23 a week and
extend the allowances from 20
toi 26 weeks.
There are some who see a con
nection between the - cries, that
the wolves are at our door, and
the program to push up the un
employment allowance which
congress had steadfastly resisted
for many months. In . fact the
connection is so closely joined,
in their eyes, that the common
prophesies of defeat for the Tru
man idea and the CIO demands
which would go further are be
ing softly amended. Word being
passed around now, the Truman
measure will surely be adopted
and the CIO may pry additional
concessions.
I am not a master of the prop
aganda arts, which become more
mystifying to me as new ; tech
niques develop, but I do recall
many past occasions, in recent
years, when the cry of "wolf,
wolf," was raised solely for the
purpose of shearing the sheep
while the public was looking for
the wolf, j
In this particular case, I note
that tax reduction is a subject
further down the list Indeed, no
program for that phase of post
war adjustment was worked up
in advance by the administration,
although some anonymous mem
bers of congress were being quot
ed on the back pages of the
papers that the normal tax will
be cut from 6 to 3 per cent Also
I have heard some rather good
authorities suggest the taxes our
people arc paying are greater
than the war expenditures of all
the other nations of the world
in short, our people are paying
more than all other nations were
putting out in the war. This can
not be precisely proved or dis
proved because what Russia
spends is not even known to her
own people, but I believe it to
be substantially j true. .
In any case, everyone now is
paying taxes, or should be, most
people through the nose by the
withholding arrangement, yet no
comparable interest in their be
half is noticeable. You never hear
anyone crying:. "Wolf the tax
collector." - i
Not only that but you never
even get a straight-forward pic
ture of the unemployment situa
tion. No one has gone on the
radio at any hour I have1 been
on, to say that 80 per cent of
the unemployed are already auth
orized to get the maximum of
$20 a week, but an expert figured
out the fact and the congres
sional experts say it is about
right The states, of course, are
flushed (possibly $6,000,000,000)
with big employment reserves
from war taxes, as in New York,
for instance, where th unem
ployment sales tax was kept on
before and throughout the war
although - there was no unem
ployment When need for the tax
passed, the tax was not repealed.
Perhaps I am expecting too much
to think that any politician would
wolf up a tax reduction program.
But why is this? There are more
taxpayers than any other ; class.
Nor do I hear anything about
the existing, greatest non-military
spending program ever con
ceived in the mind of man. Con
freea has appropriated $1,500
000,000 for flood control works
end $500,000,000 a year for high
ways, a fact you will never find
In a CIO leaflet .promoting in
creased free compensation; The
GI bill of rights is supposed to
dispense between $3,000,000,000
and $4,000,000,000 in compensa
. tions within two years, with al
lowances to pay the way of many
boys through two years school
ing, but there Is no advertising on
that : j 1
I thought I had a rather good
column Aug.' 6 showing the un
dded total of our foreign apend
lend program was $15,700,000,000
including lend-lease,! export-import
bank, Bretton Woods, army
relief and UNRRA, but that fact
is still otherwise unadvertised.
No one else added It ;and no one
ever referred to it as a foreign
lend-spend program, j In connec
tion with this current story, it
must be considered an unemploy
. ment relief measure.
Now add on the domestic end,
-$2,000,000,000 for public works,
$3,500,000,000 for GI and $6,000,
000,000 in the state unemploy
ment compensation i funds and
you have $11,500,000,000 more,
or a grand total planned expendi
ture of more than $27,000v000,
000 (billions). Why, Roosevelt
in his palmiest free-spending days
never spent one-third of that
. amount in his budgets. In short
the proposed relief spending is
more than t h r e e j times the
amounts with which rMr. Roose
velt shocked the world of eco
nomics a few years ago.
The taxpayers, bf Course, will
pay it alL
Is this why the present-day
politician never mentions the sub
ject most affecting practically all
the people in their pocketbooks
and breadbaskets? And why their
- publicity men do not add up and
announce what theyj are spend
ing and proposing to: spend, but
let the wolf cry run such deep
wails as to deafen j the public
against all other considerations
except the reported presence of
the wolf? j
Control Board
Office to Close
1
The hop control board offices
in Salem are preparing to close
with the automatic expiration of
the marketing agreement. Under
the marketing law the hop agree
ment automatically expires Sep
tember 1 and renewal under ex
isting laws may not be sought
while prices are above parity.
While the marketing agreement
is expiring some of thej advantages
which have accrued to the indus
try through the maintenance of a
control office may be! maintained
on a voluntary organization basis.
Among these advantages are in
cluded the collection and dissemi
nation of industry statistics and
the ' common meeting ground for
affiliated industries, producers,
dealers and brewers.
The local office has two months
in which to liquidate its set up and
it is possible some such volunteer
organization may be i established
before November 1, the end of the
two) month period. j
Paul Rowell is the managing
director of the local J office. He
has held that position ! since Octo
ber 51943 when Conrad Paulus re
tired to private business.
The hop control board covers
all-of the Pacific coast hop grow
ing areas and is estimated to in
clude 99 percent of j the United
States bops. 1
Council Pleads
Salvage Need
The need for salvaging scrap
paper, tin cans and waste fats
continues, regardless of the end
of the war, , the Marion County
Defense Council stressed today.
A telegram received by the
State Salvage Committee from
the War Production Board in
Washington, DC, stated that "al
though fighting war has ended,
certainf materials are in short
supply and restrict orderly re
conversion. For the present
therefore, will you j please ask
your committees to continue sal
vaging tin cans, used fats and
waste paper as if there had been
no change in war status. We hope
need for volunteers in salvaging
these materials will terminate in
near future, but for present their
efforts are definitely needed."
There probably will be a com
bined tin can and Waste paper
drive in . the fall. In the mean
time, each person is urged to save
their tin cans and peper until no
tified of the date of the drive.
Waste fata may be turned In to
meat dealers at any time.
The federal reserve system was
inaugurated in 1914. I
Diamonds reset
while yea wait
Stevens
Makers ef Fine Jewelry
I ' j
Lovely mounting o! " .
various designs to enhance
.'. beauty of our dknnondj
; - , . .1 '
Terms
gladly arranged
- -.
Oregon