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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (July 24, 1945)
. ai imum r i II II 1 1 HI ST IT" ""IHIfi' 1 HiiTTT'T""i"" X' "" ' 1'" " " :" ':3:r '"' '" '""r- - 1 1 w - In Pacific 600 Forts Ha hi in er i ' t. v i ' i r . ': I ' ": NINETY-FIFTH YEAR f 10 PAGES Last week I went to Portland ;- and heard my good friend, .Ralph li. Carr, former governor of Colo- c. rado. make an effective argument against a Columbia Valley Au- thority. But Saturday after sit- tine through two and a half hours ofi discussion of Rogue river de- i velopment I was pretty well con vinced of the need of a Rogue - River Authority, at least For the I federal machinery involved in dealing with this stream less than 200 miles Ions seemed almost hopelessly cumbrous. The reclamation bureau whose j district office is in Boise is study- lng the river: from the standpoint of irrigation ;of val-y lands. The , army engineers from the Portland division office have made studies on the subject of flood control. The fish and wildlife service with regional headquarters in Seattle Is charged with responsibility for studying effects of proposed de velopments on. fish life in the river. No attention was paid to . navigation and power which if ' considered would have brought Jn at least one other federal agency, the federal ! power commission. Sitting In with acute interest and powers rather " ill-defined were the state engineer, who is secre tary of the state reclamation commission and the state game commission, concerned with sports fishing. Were the Rogue open to com mercial fishing the state fish commission would have had-a - placebjSfcAtudent of political science would be quite appalled at the complications of this slm - ole ouestion of how best the wa- , ters of the Rogue may be used and controlled. : i Under comparatively recent changes in procedure the severaj rovernmental bureaus are re- nuired to collaborate and ulti mately ; (Continued on Editorial Page) OPAto Point Values On Beef, Veal ! WASHINGTON, July 23.--A little more "meat for American dinner" tables was in prospect to night as OPA prepared to lower beef, veal and lamb ration points lor the August ration period. ; ' The disclosure followed reports from several areas of improved ci vilian meat supplies and signs of slight .further increases in the early autumn. Reductions of one to two points ' pound on steaks, roasts and oth- i er cuts of beef probably will be announced Wednesday and made Lower . V 5.ffective July 29. Lamb and veal r rh ' points will go down as much and i X rjjerhape slightly more, Pork will be omitted from what - general"- point reduction, because -the marketing of live hogs , has - continued slow. Mutton has a zero point value because there is so little of it that rationing Is no1 -considered worthwhile. GREEK MINISTER RESIGNS ,f ATHENS, July 23.-(ffV-Foreign Minister John Sophianopoulos sub mitted his resignation today, say lng the time has come for the for mation of a new government Animal Crccttcrs ByWARREN GOOORICH "ti'vct day U it rams? 3 oiantofciiwi ' - ,Vy Salem, New Spot Reported i Patrol Prepares To Pack in to Isolated Fires PORTLAND, Ore., July 23 -(J?) Foresters tonight ordered a with drawal of some fire patrols from quiet sections of the big Tillamook-Wilson river fire to organ ize pack train units to move into the isolated northwestern sector where new spot fires have broken out. State Forester N. S. Rogers said it would be several days before f i crV tara on Via rtn Vt i urMfrn most blaze near the forks of the iSalmonberry and Nehalem rivers. He said there are no roads into the reeion and men will have to move on foot and pack equipment on trails once used by mounted forest patrols. I Loggers Fight Fire Tr. nf th Wat-rVionc , r.rsv T.iimhiT rnmnanv wma re- ported battling another spot fire north cl uie rsenaiem near bea-1 Side, Ore., a shore resort The huge Tillamook fire, spread over some 80,000 acres, spewed pot' blazes over a new four-mile Blazes areaf during the night Rain-wet Britain toot to make fi separate overwneinung approval, forests checked the advance some- peace. j But "thes other nations are still What early Sunday, but winds Reynaud's yocie quivered with fearful of : the United States sen Were fast drying the timber and emotion fwhen he described as his ate," he added and pointed a finger the armies of fighters saw no hope 'monumental error" his belief that at the back wall as Jhe went on; Of immediate control. the Patriotism of Petain and Gen. They know that the league of A delayed report said the Van Fleet Logging company camp, iso- atea on tne north forictf cronin creek, at the extreme ' northwest torner of the TJ'I'VJgk'Jure, was consumed during"he mght"Don- Jtiffy engines and fallen and bucked timber were destroyed. "Weather Helps Weather conditions likewise aided fighters in two other sec tors, in the' Wallace-Kellogg re- gion of north Idaho, where some 4000 acres were aflame, and in eastern Oregon where a 400-acre fire roared out of hand on the Little Minam river. The 10.00Qapr PnlV munf fir. knH reJnf Hrw1. fraiTf wrhln A.if nt hn .oM v.i. W . M . A Mt. nosers, siaie ioresier. jine mam blaze was being held in check by 500 Neitro trooDS from Fort Lewis. Wash. w - Heavy Damage Told In Recent B-29 Raids GUAM, Tuesday, July 24.-WPV- Kecent Superfortress raids knock' ed out nearly half the built-up areas of the Japanese cities of Sa- kai and Wakayama on Honshu and damaged the Nippon oil re finery, and tank farm at Amag- asakl, reconaissance photographs snowed today. j In the first raids on these dt- tes July 10, Sakai's main area was 42 per cent destroyed and Wak-: ayama's 52 per cent destroyed. Twelve , of 14 .. buildings at the Nippon oil refinery showed dam- age, and eight of ten large, tanks Were hit Albany Veteran KiUed In Automobile . Accident 'RAProciTT.S.D. July-(ff) A Trinidad veteran. SSet Laur- e&ce Layman, son of Mr. and Mrs. Was killed yesterday In an auto mobile accident near the air base here! Yanks SearchEvery Home In U.S. Zone of Occimdtiok 1 - ....' ; il- f I By James F. King ! FRANKFURT ON THE MAIN, July 23.-JPyla perhaps the greatest mass raid in history, half a! million American soldiers searched every house In the US occupation zone of Germany over the weekend for weapons, ammu nition and loot and arrested 80, 000 persons, many of them SS men who had been hunted as war criminals. - . ; Fifteen million Germans In the American zone, taken by sur prise, were bewildered and scared, but offered no resistance. Qnly two tried to escape the search. One was shot to death. Brig. Gen. Edwin L. Sibert, of Vinyard Haven, Mass., head of Uie G-2 (intelligence) division of US forces in the European the ater, said guns, : ammunition and loot, such as American uniforms. Oregon. Tuesday : Morning. July Efle By IiOUIS PARIS, July 23.H0-Aged WmiM .Rom IT; "f " r 1 went on trial for his life today amid angry catcalls and dis orderly courtroom uproars, and asserted that, far from betraying France j he had "prepared the road to liberation," j Prdudly displaying the medals France had given him, the 89 -year-old former Vichy chief intelligence with France's heredi tary enemy, Germany, and plot ting against the security of France, by saying: r j . j I "I secf ificed my prestige for the French people. If I've treated with the enemy, it was to spare you." In a gammed and , noisy court room, once cleared by Gendarmes carrying tommygunsL f the fallen iank t ter fM Frances 1340 defeat ?3 5CWM" pciure uc highj coprt of justice land a 24- jury. I t : ; eynq! xesiuiea j "X1 oM marshal's own assertion from we prisoner s oock mat as Vichy chief he was "shield and buckler'! protecting I the French people was followed by testimony irora raui iteynaua-rue premier i who brought Petaul pnto the French government that the mar- snai: was responsiDie ?or tne arm- istice despite a solemn! pact with Maximel Weygand "was greater than their political aims and their oersonals ambitions.' I I jndfca Confer I 1' Three! times In the five-nourl session between 1 p. !m. and 8 n ni th thrM wsMt- and er- zled Paul Mongibeaux j adjourned to consider defense charges level- led against j themselves and to I await a clearing of the disordered courtrooin i j Whenthe tumultuous first day oi tne trial enaea alter tnreais oi arrest the spectators,? Reynaud, rT pfc4" ' " v" WlU resume at 1 P. tt, (7 8. TO. EWT) tomorrow. I W I , f . iTlrkAgl IvritlVal I. JLilUUL i: VAIllil Ul District i. ALBANY, Ore., July 23HPH t ormauon oi a iiooa conirot ais trict in Linn county was proposed today after rejection by the court the North Santiam I river near Stayton.1 I " Roy Clark, US engineer, told the court a $50,000 fund had been allocated for building revetments alonr the bank, but that Linn mmh Wmriri have 5 a finance maintenance.! I I The flood Control district could finance the maintenance, the court ruled. I Trapped Japs in- Burma fej! thousand Japanese troops, pock eted byfallled ftrce,Jui the Pegu area of (southern Burma, already nave iosx more wan auo auiiea m Initial attempts to break out and a - reach the Sittang river, the south east Asia command reported to day. 1 I K.-rauons. rasoune ana vemcies. . . . . were seized but therf was no sign of an organized German under ground.! i j i ,.s . -liJrMtTit: jgrZ JJ. of action-Sibert said.fWe want- ed to act before there Was even rz.A. , ;-u u and hitting us in the face." : ; He added "It upset the eiviUan yvyiuauvu H ;MJ,w wiuvu vt.l ntl.n - I ! 1 . 1 I ri jyhert emtainM hm nrmani had been given a week of grace, Eyed ending July 20, In which to tumjerans administration In Portland day nignt wnue Taylor and nisi, operator Bi oaiemi iu bver all weapons, i ammunition, was established In Salem on assistants were trussing the vesspected meat plant, will be back radio transmitter and other for-1 Mondav under James E. Harris, sel with cables. Possibility that I in the market for lambs by August bidden I articles without "fear or punishment. IThose icaueht with sucn properties facet trials . . ' . . - which the death sentence can be 24, 1945 erts NEINj - Marshal Henri Philippe Petain of state answered charges of Urges Vote For Charter WASHINGTON, July 23.m- Sen. TomjConnally told the sen ate today JUlere was tlood on the ; w where thej league of; nations was aiausuicipi uu fun.eu iw vote that will convince the world this nation is trulyi behind the United Nations charter. vjumsj ucua vh lauuvawn oi me ou-nauon agreement ior a worm organization designed 10 "-ccp uiv.uve, uie- o.iui aiu toat there, as . ample evidence of nations was slaughtered here in this chamber. j "Can't you see ihe blood there it. is on the walL" I me speecn Dy me, cnairman o the foreign relations committee started a week of formal discus- backed by an imposing show of bi- partisan support j y j i ' p ilfnTtTfll.t OT T1TT TT ! l FDR UnVeiled ' , 3 .! ' Tsrsrw vhBTT 3nU 75 ja Thp t nnfinLshedi nortrait ?6r which the iate Pfoit Roo.eVrft was sit- at Warm 5nrinffs. Ga Anril 12 was unveiled toda? at Gimbel Rmthr, Nw York- Hnartmnt store, in the presence'of the artist .matof Mrs. Shoumatoff is aid Mrs. Roosevelt had reouested the oaint- . j u im. at Hyde Park. N.Y.J- ' ' The nortraif In colors, has an uncompleted background, although the facial !characteristics are vir- tually finished, in lt tne president wore a navy cape over a gray suit a white collar and a maroon tie. Pvt. Jamison at JEFFERSON. Julv .22 Pvt - 1 Camp - Roberts, Calif, his wife was notified today jb tb - denartment Mrs. Jamison and her 1 4-year-old dausnter. t ratsy. mate !. - . i .Ai their home here with her mother, - 1 Mrs. E. Bruce. Jamison was 25 years old and was just finishing his basic train t t daughter, other survivors are his lng. Besides : the : widow and oarents. Mr. and Mrs. John JamI- son of Salem: threef sisters. Mrs. d .v.i rt.. r.n..t ifM tv Whitby of Salem and Dorothea Buttler of San Jose, Calif.; also 4 nam hwThA inhn i it v m iw 411(1 "ussfi. U. S. navy, Jamison was killed in an auto moDue acciaenu- inis was xne m- mobile accident.- This was the in- formation, received here Monday WghL The body is being shipped to Salem where funeral services a ot w T mzdon. i . j . .. : i - ; Veterans Contact ' T -v mm. i ' -m a m ' m UitlCe J!i8UlllU8lieCl I i : t- ' A contact unit of the VS. Vet contact representative, at 417 Ore- eon building. The announcement In I or tne .new unit said it was es I .. .... tablished ito aid the returning veterans." Conrially Seriate to ! - f; Uncompleted Camp No. 102 b rienClSllip Wltll Ti . f5 i .17 rentier Malm I I r t i -r " . ' Un Lordial JtaS18 . I v f. W. w I POTSDAM, July23.-()-PresI. dent Truman was reported tonight to have won imnortant Amoriranl aims at the big three conference and to have established a cordial friendship with Premier" Stalin that produced unexpected Russian J concessions. A spokesman for the U. S. dele- gation said the big three had met again today their seventh day of conferences and; "are! driving ahead." i i Sources close to the chief execu- five said he and Stalin have es- wuiisnea me mosi coraiai reiauon- ship and have reached a . stage NEW YORK, July 23 Report. er Roy Porter of the National ' broadcasting company said In a . broadcast from Berlin tonight; that part of the American dele gation to the big three confer enee already has left Germany; and ether members are prepar ing to leave for "a hew and sur prising destination.? " - "It la possible to W tonlsht" Porter declared, "that a part of the American delegation already has left Potsdam. Who they are and what they will do fa another iut rsSZ, yw vi ai uus eanee." possible before the meeting open- ed. man in .!. or. ntom. I I -- " tional negotiator, had achieved a substantial understanding with the Russians on impending develop- ments in the Japanese war. Mon .inJrt U Z ' i 7 v llhl l.h.ap?j !Ln I ajAJua wuu uiui XjAX i utauiie me l 7,:: : lUiiiciEULE ui uuivuaup. Lnt nrpsu " ,j aC7z rT. CZ Vv rl. Vk 4 T ' ' I ' FTIT f?fj arifclusion m . . . . "rT1 v . , 4. ' - i uc wai vi mcii Dvmruuicvi a uiis Pyc lwwlin vuurauu "u uaugnier, wary, entertaining Truman and Stalin at nwe- i A tignt-npped silence was main- I tained in the allied compounds about concrete matters already I agreea upon oj xne conierees. ar Gay Marie, Sinks at Dock 'i ns i.av Man ii.aa vath "SJS' - l ffunbUn , vert. io ' Project I . . ----- ivarmsn ana iresn. oncni nami varnish and fresh,! were dry, the v "u.-u u" '-'j .... CIIIZ v UUUaCUUHL W Illl il I " t11' I VU Ul W WW BtiiiUll 1U1 hWV years probably will be writtenl 1 TS0 r 4"UUUV I - Super-structure and furnish i inn . znr turn onzm inanmmu are miharmed; except -u -Wrt- lng of the Marie asjshe the mud warped some doors. But the hull is probably of small sal vage value, Taylor believes. - 1 Mora small boats plied the river here Sunday than for the past year and me stirring of the water may have caused! the original leak whicfi-caused the boat to seU ue untfl the riverl was washing into dried seams Sunday night, h. f,f 7 - Residents of the jboat have re ported one particularly Interested inOrtM One OaiTICUiariT 1 . onlooker who : renialned onftha 1 banks above the boat's Chemeke- - 1 ta street moorage much f Sun J the first leak was; caused by I pervert Is being considered, the I .: i. 1 . w - 1 owner - aamuiea nwaazj. insur Prica 5c Truman WirisVital tmentboaL I ance covering the Gay Mane Was! When the pastures started dry I for fire and not foTjflood, ha said, Carrier Planes Of Third Fleet Hit in Strength ..... t O - . OUAM, Tuesday. July H-iJPf Carrier planes of the U. S. Third fleet are attacking the. Japanese nayal base at Kureon Japan's inland sea, in "great strength1 in an 1 assault which began at dawn and is Still in progress. gainst a major enemy naval base in ieven days, planes of the same forfce having heavUy damaged the Japanese battleship Nagato and 12 other ships at Yokosuka ias Wednesday.. A Am fyArlA- TXT Kimii announced the present strike, ave no details. His terse commu- nique said merely that the attack P on "military targets in the vicjnity of Kure, in western Hon- use 01 me term -great fngth," however, indicated that it was among the heaviest carrier- P1!6 of . ricYiuus use via uib it'i hi uas meant at least 1000 planes were involved. ! ; ' Nimitz also announced that on Sunday light units probably cruisers and destroyers of the I Pacific fleet shelled Paramushiro J forth mighty Superforts and es in the northern Japanese Kurile corting Thunderbolt fighters of islands but that fog obscured re-1 suits. Since he specified the Pa-1 cific fleet this force undoubtedly was from Aleutian waters, part of The colorful army air comman thei Ninth fleet of Vice-Adm. der said at an interview that be Frank Jack Fletcher. ; has already j inspected his new On the same day, Sunday, I American destroyers attacked enemy shipping directly off the coast oi cnekiang province, China, south of Shanghai. Several small craft were sunk and others damaged. : I Thls was the first surface blow 1 off the China coast ; although planes have raided the area. . t loods Cause Crop Daliiage II In H QCr I nflfit Vf 11 XJUSi VUclSl . . ... . I win overs m uie east 1 fle 7,1 1""lrv 4'uw'wy w v nJ ty, yesterday, (Monday) but hot n01" weather in the mid-west and West benefitted corn and wheat i crops. , 1 1 . . . wo aeains were attnouiea 10 one woman was reported missing. Drownings caus- I onew -' and westem New Yorkf western Massachusetts. ! New Jer - l8 Vermont reported crops i and gardens wasned away by tor- rential rains that spilled rivers over their banks. - and war work halted by the water. Mi. Roosevelt Get First Sheet of New FDR Memorial Stamp Washington, July 23 -jn I The first sheet of the new Roose velt! memorial postage stamp will be presented to Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt Thursday at ceremonies in yoe ranc :: Pnstmaster General . Robert-R - t "- - - new PJ TiztL 3 T rZZ i, . . t. .... xjt v. "- left and a rem-oduction of his an- Ktral home at Hvde Park on I W - I ihe riL The sUmn will be nrint - to green. j . i Lambs Swamp Fnlnimfl IP J'a Piiri'f KgiiriMinf setUedU!'- vavra-va-aaci ! PORTLAND, July 23HVLambs swamped Oregon packers and wholesalers today following OPA's point removal order, but brisk buying cleared the market. ' . One packer said he purchased 300 lambs, but, would not have done so if sthe removal order had not been Issued. ; V ! Full effect of the directive will be!felt in several days, when all sheepmen hear of the action, one shipper taid. ! ne , , TOPaf7' a h pernaps oy.ine nrss oi nexi weex, u. . cnamDers, president I M 4. ..li 1 lt.& i wa i-uwmj, vujl ui. ing up the company had -more ,1 Lt. GenJ Jimmy Deelittle Xfh Afl II A1PA UH1 illl J. Ul tv W 11 "O y 1 1 1 JQC GUAM, July 23.-ff)-Jimmy Doolittle - disclosed his return to the Pacific 'war today and an- nounced that planes under his command this time and hence- the redeployed eighth air force- would be raiding Japan by August 1. . f headquarters ; and striking base at Okinawa. He declared the newly- conquered Island, only 325 miles. from the Japan mainland and about 800 miles from Tokyo, was an excellent base. Doolittle, now a lieutenant gen- eral, was a lieutenant colonel when he led the first American I raid on Japan April 18, 1942. Doolittle's Okinawa-based B-29s and fighters will add their destruc- tive power to the 20th air force's Superforts based in the Marianas, He said flat the first targets would , be In Japan but that it was pos - ible his Superforts would also range over China, Manchuria and Mongolia, i Allied Planes CU TA T kJXllXk. It JttlJS - 4wrr i AimH Wnnlrnnrl L TT C'lxvJLlLa. j . . v . . Manila. iTuesaay. juiy 2.- 1 . .. .1 UrV-widespread air blows sank 14 ships. and jsmall craft over the weekend. Gen. Douglas MacAr- I J0 raaio uaimea urn anangnai again was pounded by more than 1 ox nis Dompers ana ngnters. Long-range bombers of the Seventh fleet and the 13th air! force attacked 95 enemy water- craft ranging from Junks and luggers to small freighters and na coast Formosa, Indo China and Borneo. 1 Later 13th air force Liberators appeared and bombed two small Japanese gunboats, a medium freighter, and three small cargo ShipS.' - ,:. . RerjKErt of Fumes Brings Denial I statesman Hittins: Japs by Aug. 1 K- nll"00 "SX ; f ang ai mw-aftemoott i suPMi vl a wm call to wR7yfriedrplant man JTIZI i Mrh i. K..twil"'i w ww yew or our- . - the new Industry, brouirht an a m w , mm - eouallr direct anwer'th e. 1 port certainly la not true to way. f I T OregoPcLckers a vaa a .ssa than 700 lamha mnA mnHnn In I4 lots. The manpower shortage pre- vented more rapid killing despite the fact, that the company Is gov ernment inspected and govern ment buyers! will lake Its meat as fast as it Is made available, Cham bers said. ' - ' ' Because the soft lambs will de teriorate in the lots with good for' age, buying: was called off until the killers catch up with the sup ply of lambs on the hoot This will be by August 1, perhaps even a few days earlier. Chambers said last night The ration ooint value nf lamh aJJ tintkin a -,), 7" - --' ..v,. w w the buying stoppase. nor has the freeing from raUon poinU ' had - tv DroblemonlT more trained work- i ..i.. ww kmcci il, vaaxntMus ij..' 2 ities Recbrd-Breaking Assault Aimed p: At 'Osaka-Nagoya ' By Al Dopklng 7 GUAM, Tuesday, July 24 1 A record breaking strike by more 1 than $00 B-29s j attacked targets in the Osaka-Nagoya region with nearly 4009 tons; of explosives at noon today. , 1 ' It was the first Superfort strike in daylight in nearly a month. ; ; The Superforts, splitting into several task forces, swooped braz enly without fightejr escort at al titudes ' ranging from medium to high and dropped their loads of demolition bombs, weighing from 500 to 4000 pounds each. i The giant B-29s spread out for miles overhead like great silvery sharks ' as they caught two cf Japan's most highly industrialized: areas just at lunch time. Dayllsht Blew It was the first daylight strike on tne Japanese home islands' since June 26, when 10 aircraft and airplane . parts factories in . four Honshu industrial areas were hit by nearly 500 B-29. , , MaJ. Gen. Curtis E. Lemay commander of the 20th air force, ; did not immediately announce the number of targets on today's schedule, but it was likely the B-29s had several objectives as they struck from the largest force yet sent over Japan. - This was the third raid by more than 00 planes, but headquarters; said that i while exact figures would not be released, today . was the largest attack yet iSeeead Largest Osaka, population 3,250,000,-is Japan's second largest city. It has iron, steeL electrical, aluminum. oil, airplane and shipbuilding in- dustries. It has been attacked five times previously; the first in March and four in June. For Nagoya, one of Japan's four largest industrial centers, and an important aircraft, manufacturina city, this was -the 'tTtirattack-fcy .lpuperiorts, f Army Puts too Heavy Burden On Railroads9 WASHINGTON, Juiy 23-UP)-t CoL J. Monroe Johnson, the na tion's transportation chief, com plained to congress today that the army aept him in the dark on re- ... ... . . deployment plans and Is building up such a load th Something must give way." the office of ! defense transportation director testified before the senate war investigating committee. The army, he said,' failed to con sult him in drawing up a 1G- month transportation, program. and tnen speeded up troop return I planned rate. Johnson said about 0 troop I trains are moving daily now and j the number will certainly reach 1 100 and may go higher. Con Free But Not for Long Wood, who escaped from prl- . .a--- - - , . cells were 1!itla,t Wood, - who w Wood, ; who was sent up In , la t . . j,mi- , I" ' " " ' swimming pool on ma i ...... .t. , ?S tona Kaiser. lawfaummev thnn nt ftoia I tTlT TarTTMF I n A WAIlfrft VtOtfV choice, Warden George , Alexan der said, having taken to the pool to avoid prison guards, who were closing in on him. I : France Hopes to Get Coal From United Slates NEW YORK, ' July 23-WV-The Paris i radio, reported by FCC, quoted "authoritative circles' to day as expressing hope that France would receive 300,000 tons of coal monthly from the United States "in compensation for coal, loaned by France to the United States f or the redeployment of United States troops. Weather j Max, Via. Hals 66 frace 4a jee I San Ftaneiace I Eugene saiem S1 0 t :..r M M 19 : ao - e - SI J6t fSTHf?4 I Willa Willamette river -3.4 r ro RECAST (from U. p. weather bu- lrau. McNarr field. 6!n : - Mosthr ar today ith warm daytime tea. 'pexaturva. jaaawnwa as a-ecra applied -'.v. v i , t i . I