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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (July 17, 1945)
'!:;.! tkCt FOUR The) OHEGOII STATESMAN. Satan. Orecon. Tuesday Morning. July 17. 194S -S3S$- had mmmssTi . . rr.lil'IT I - f fl V. til V IT . i-HT - J - ' l-i - I I !- r 3Sf'Tir r lilt. . j tf - .BB i.T-ai AWiT, . ' 1 nrarmM S j BF WnMfMtM1WWMkbclSU( "No-Favor Sway$ Us; N6 Fear Shall A ice" ; p From rirst Statesman, March 28, 1831 . f i ' - & TIIE ''STATESMAN PUBLISHING CO JIPANY n r , 1 CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher , I . : Member of me Associated Press , i ' (V The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for publication of alf news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. Incentive to Unity . Report say that the conference of the Big Three at Potsdam may last from ten days to . three, weeks. If the conferees review the prob lems of Germany and of Europe and then try to settle those of Asia the discussions may well be prolonged the full three weeks. Just as unity among the three powers jwas necessary to! achieve military victory over Germany so thati unity is necessary to preserve the victory and especially to make the new United Nations organization succeed. . We have been inclined, now that Germany is 'prostrate, to think the job is done over there and to concentrate on the continuing war with Japan. However, as, Senator Kilgore's subcom mittee on war mobilization has just reported: "Germany in defeat remains a major threat toj the peace of the world." The report accuses the Germans of setting in motion already plans fojr a third attempt to enslave the world, and lays down as an "indispensable condition to peace in Europe' this dictum: "No peace mak ing can be successful j which does not at the outset thwart these plans and destroy Ger many's potential for war making." ("The Kilgore report summarizes this "poten tial'' as follows: Germany today is better prepared to imple ment her plot for world conquest than she was at the end of World War" I. Her major resources include (1) the world's third strong est industrial economy; (2) tremendous industrial-recuperative power; (3) a world-wide network of economic and political reserves and a system of commercial interrelationships pene trating the economies of other nations; and (4) the science of aggression perfected by her leading industrialists, militarists, and politicians to reverse the decisions of the battlefield. It makes the following specific recommen dations for the policing of Germany to prevent if from breaching the peace a third time: 1. Exhaustive examination and analysis of records of the German government, and indus trial and other organizations. This work, which has already been initiated, should be expanded and necessary personnel made available for Its successful operation. The records them selves should be carefully preserved and copies furnished to the executive agencies and the congress for study. ; I 2.. Periodic submission by the United States representatives on the Allied Control Council through the Office of the President of public reports to congress on the progress of German disarmament and control. Arrangement should be made now that, these reports be .submitted annually for the next 15 years. In addition, it should be provided that for the first 3 or 5 years, quarterly interim reports be made. It is suggested that the first annual report be made on January 1, 1948. These are clearly subjects calling for close cooperation among the, allied nations. Fear of Germany may be one powerful incentive to Hied unity. New Alaska Highway Gov. Mon Wallgren evidently sold President Truman a bill of goods on the proposed Alaska highway through British Columbia, i At least the president endorsed it on his recent visit . in Washington state and now the promoters are eager to press the advantage which such an endorsement gives. However a recent Alaskan Visiting in the states pointed out the more Urgent need of airfields in his country. For k Alaska is jumping from the dog-team age to the aviation age, without intermediate stops at railroad and motor vehicle ages. LThe Statesman protests pouring more money to an Alaskan highway. The new route is little better tan that of Alcan, but still it begins nowhere and j arrives nowhere. When lone gets to Fairbanks foe 'example he is just at Fairbanks; he has to use some other means of travel to get over Alaska. ' ' The logical means of transportation for Alaska ,is by water and by air, with a few railroads and Editorial Comment with local highways. The, proposed highway will not draw enough travel to be economically practical. The money would better be spent on airfield improvements "over the district. Ore gon, just because it is neighbor to Washington, ought not to be sucked in for the endorsement of this costly and relatively useless highway. Committee Favors Charter The charter of the United Nations has met with a far more favorable Reception in the sen ate than did the covenant of the league of nations. After, a short period of hearings the foreign relations committee gave: it a favorable report, 20 voting in.favol, with three absent: Hiram Johnson of Califorii, Murray of Mon tana; and Shipstead of Minnesota. Later the count' was reported at 21 to il presumably Murray i voting with the majority and Johnson or Shipstead in the rninorify. In 1919 the foreign relation committee was fharply divided, with Henery Cabot Lodge, ranking minority mem ber, strongly opposed to the covenant. While some senators hive expressed opposi tion to certain provisionsj of the charter, it is not anticipated there will be more than two or three votes against Ratification. This has been achieved in part through care in the draft ing of the charter, and in part through the bi-partisan-approach engineered by former Sec retary Hull. The latter made a consistent effort to keep the issue of cooperation for world peace out of party politics. The recognition given to republicans Vahdenberg, Eaton and Stassen also disarmed party die-hards and gave the charter powerful advpeates. The charter itself offers merely a beginning toward federation of nations. If it works in the single goal of preserving world peace it will be one of the greatest steps ever made in huijnan progress, Considering our losses in two wars we should be ready to fall in with other nations and make that initial step. for repeal of INDIAN PROHIBITION The Klamath Indians proposal Indian prohibition is winning more . sympathetic consideration now than at any time in our recol lection of the "discussion of this issue. w x After hearing the matter presented, the Klamath chamber of commerce Indian affairs committee favored the Indians' proposal. .The chamber board adopted the committee's report, the only dissent being on the grounds that possibly 'it was a matter in which the chamber shouldn't participate. An obviously favorable response was won by the Indian spokesman who appeared this week before the Klamath Kiwanis club. Possibly one reason for the change in ' public opinion on this , matter at this time is the obvious discrimination among Indian and white service men. . Many Indians have fought for the country in this war, and some have died or been wounded. This emphasizes the question of distinction between Indians and white soldiers in the matter of liquor purchase. j i . - An acquaintance: of ours knows a Klamath Indian who is just back from service with the armed forces overseas. This Indian was a ' guest in his home, and he offered him a highball. The Indian refused, saying he would like to have a drink. but under the circumstance, h wouldn't want to embarrass his host, i v ' j The Indian's refusal was commendable. It was the thing for him f to do, and probably the liquor should not have been offered. We aren't saying anybody should drink, Indian vr white. ' -: : , But if liquor is Available to one legally, it ought to be to another. That is the argument offered by the Indians, and it makes sense when it is added to the fact that th conditions which brought about Indian prohibition, in the ; first place have long since changed." v ;"'..!':''' Furthermore; prohibition isn't keeping Indians from getting liquor. It has created a market' for white renegades- who-naake their sales at enormous . t profits.Mac Eplfe in Klamath Falls Herald-News. Mystery of Jap Planes ; The great mystery isf where the Japs are hoarding their planes. TjjVe surmise the Japs are hoarding planes the same way the Germans did the last year, by not making them. We wondered where the luftwaffe was on D-day and after. It just wasn't, except for sporadic raids. 1 The Japs may be holding back some plajies in Manchuria for use on jjVJ-day, but our long range bombers can now Search them out, deep in Manchuria. Jap air strength like Jap navy strength is fast becoming non-existent as a teal factor in the war. I v 1 Interpreting The War f News By KUtKE l SIMPSON Associated Pre War Analyt Conjecture varies; as t the compelling reason for Japanese failure to feact in any substantial way to close range naval ; as well as air bombard ment of her important northern coastal cities; but failing fuel supplies for enemy ships of air and sea is as good a guess as i any. : ; Nor can it be doubted that aside from Admiral Halsey's hope of bringing Japanese fleets of both categories to action, further impairment of enemy gasoline and fuel resources was, a prime objective of the bold venturing of Halsey's mighty Third fleet within easy medium gun range of the Jap-" anese coast. rf Recapitulations from Guam of the results of sustained sea-air strategic attack, stress the fact three of the cities "erased" in The operation Were oil centers. Lying far tof the north on Hokkaido, island, the three cities blasted by Third fleet guns or planes, Murorahl Sapporo and Kushiro, were not only steel production! centers but links in Japan's oil reserve line never before brought under American fire. Oil reserves also were the main targets of far! ranging simultaneous air at tacks by land-based bombers in central and south ern Japan. .-''! f : That what 'is left ; of Japan's once great surface fleet failed to put in ah appearance to dispute Halsey's sea attack is not particularly surprising. There is every indication! that the ships are holed up in the inland sea far: to the south. Its waters are deep to the shore line, serving much the same purpose as did deep; and 'narrow Norwegian fiords In offering concealment fpr big German battleships and cruisers. They could., lie close to high shores, screened from air ! scouts, and in channels too narrow for torpedo plan! attacks if spotted. . Persistent mining of jthe entrances and exits from the inland sea by. American mine-laying Superforts represented further obstacle to fap- . anese fleet emergence to; challenge Halsey's fleet. That is apt to come only When amphibious invasion starts and the Japs obviously expect that to happen -in the south, not the noith. . Lack of fuel and conservation of air and sea power, against invasion day carl therefore partially account for lack of any reaction. It is possible that' Japanese defense concepts in . the north relied so completely on air. and sea outposts in the. Kuriles ;to deal with any enemy advance on Hokkaido mat shore batteries were never installed around Mororari bay on the great gulf, that leads to it Halsey's ships were in easj range of even light and medium enemy mobile field guns, however, and why they remained silent is difficult to explain. I could indicate that Japa nese ground defense forces have been heavily con centrated to the south where invasion is expected , and thus were caught napping by the fleet raid. Whatever else can be read of the purposes : prompting that most striking demonstration to date of American sea-air domination even of Ja pan's own inshore waters, it adds to the ever in creasing strain on Japanese war nerves. Its psy chological effect could be even more important than its direct military results. It brought home to the people of northern Japan what those of .southern Japan have already learned, that Tokyo - boasts' of Japanese immunity to attack by sea or -air or amphibious invasion are meaningless. ' - - hVr FRONT!-; W AC Who Guards) German Winery Doe Not Drink Waiting for the Big One Tho Literary Guidcpost I ByW.G. Soger TBS LEAGUE OF FRIGHTENED PHILISTINES," y James I. Far yen (Vaniar; SZ.1S). i ' The Jacket of this book got me all excited ! because, from the connection in the design between the word "Philistines" and the names of i j Dreiser, Jardner, Joyce, Mark j Twain, Dostoievsky and Hemingway, I thought Far reU was attacking them. !,I had nof sooner learned he was not, as to be sure it seemed impossible hie could, than I got all excited again when I started to read the various papers col lected here, i Farrell is as much fighter as writer; the pen is a sword to him; he sits at his desk with chips am each shoulder, Despite his blasts at the crit ical fraternity, a substantial ma jority of it probably would agree with his estimates of the novel ists he surveys. Comprehending better than most of us the real nature of this world, they cre ated fictional characters who have managed to epitomize the deeper social and psychological struggles of ltheir times. That is precisely what Farrel has done in Studs Lonigan and Danny O'Neill. J As to who's to blame for the difficulties which, Farrell says, liberals must overcome in order to get a hearing, there are sev eral possible opinions. Farrell is wrong in asserting that "the area of freedom for the mind and art "was certainly "greater in Restoration- France than it is in modern America." A St Simon and a Fourier could get a hearing today. That is, if e had men of jtheir caliber, they could get a hearing, as indeed Veblen did. 1 jj The reason Farrell gives for the wide circulation of fiction and films of cheap quality is that movie czars and publishers make more money on the coun terfeit than on the real article. 3But beyond that it is the un deniable fact that shoddy pays, more than whole cloth because' the hiasses by and large prefer second rate to first rate, prefer tioyd C.Douglas to James T, Farretl, "Forever Amber to .fUlyssea? v 4 -, : ; Uke , Farrell, X wish they didn't But I . blame their appe tites as much as the people who cater to them. There are enough worthy books for the public to read if only the public would. Farrell himself writes one every year or so . . . and has no trouble getting it published. News Behind the News j By PAUL1 MALLON T (Distribution by King Feature Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction In whole or in part strictly prohibited.) OCCUPIED GERMANY-V When the public relations offi cer of the 84th division heard about it, j ne -N - practically broke , o . ! rushing to assign l.Ji rDorte'r to- I'll.cove' the occur- - t.''tfx'- il'rence.'-: j ;: ;Wrrr ; j Y o u know how to handle ., tT- iUn the projin- L'-::structea, - is r&J &Aldoughboy dream Kenneth Dixon J" . ,, , of stuff." i So the reporter hurried right over and located PFC. Marcel Rhodes, Canton, NC, who Sure enough was standing guard over a well-filled German winery. "How do you like your Job?" the soldier was asked, "do iyou do much -wine testing? What, did you do to deserve Jthis assign ment?" ' i I dont like it, replied PFC. Rhodes, "furthermore, I consid er it a drudgery and a bore. : "Ha, ha, that's a good gag, chuckled the reporter apprecia tively, "now tell me what kind of wine you like best j I ! "None," said PFC. Marcel Rhodes, "I don't drink. I j . ' i ' A short, short story: the jmen who know most about discharge points in the 325th field artillery are the clerks in the personnel . section who have been adding and subtracting them for the guys in the outfit for several weeks. There is, however, not single man in the entire section who has enough' points person ally to get out of the army. Despite what ! they have al ways said, it begins' to look a though some of the boys aren't going to try too hard to "forget all about ltn In the postwar ' years after alL ' 1 i . A j Many outfits already are forming organizations for divi sion, corps and! army reunions gfter they have j returned to ci vilian life. They -are drawing up ' charters and i taking member- ; ships, electing officers and se lecting organizational headquar ters. . ,.. n-;'i. i- Plans generally call for, one lull membership meeting a year with various smaller sessions for handling any problems which might arise, such as postwar' legislation in which the outfit might be interested. J j Another interesting phase of postwar' planning concerns di vision, corps and army histories. Everybody is writing one or has one written-and this correspon dent personally does not want to be around when; a couple of di vision historians get together to compare notes, j j That is partly the result of reading small booklet type his tories which the outfits have been putting out for the past several months and partly from considerable experience work (Continued on Page 7) , Editor's Nota: Tha Mallon column today 'will b tha last for two weeks, aa Mr. Mallon will ba absent on vacation for that period. He will re sum writing for publication Wednea-, day, August 1. GRIN AND BEAR IT ! i. ' i . ... . ,.. ., t ... the army and the lobbies, the committee savored both .opposite courses in moderation, of course. ' Committee Chairman Wood rum i tossed all the hot potato evidence he had amassed, into the air, then caught and came forward with some conclomera tion which steamed in the head . lines.! Actually it is cold potato sal ad. His pride in it did not leap even to ordinary bounds as he did not even have it printed in the congressional record which printi all congressional thoughts for the asking. jj Upon close inspection you will find the report did not endorse the war department program but was worded to sound as if it did, by Approving "the principles' and "the broad policy' yet un defined., I Among members of the Wood rum committee is Representative James W. Wadsworuv of New York, who is supposed to have seen' to the wording. He wants to draft all youth of 18 or there abouts for a year in the ' army. Talking around with the com mitteemen, you will find many favor a democratic substitute guchi as advocated by the vet erans of foreign wars for train ing boys in schools, without, in terrupting their education, ex panding the national guard and reserve systems, and summer camps. The report did not op pose; this, excepting it seemed to want the youths drafted for it : . i ; . The veterans of foreign wars program, following the lines out lined in this column since last September, now rates the best chaiice of adoption by congress in the end without a draft but only after more magic and semantics. Next will come a re . port: from the house military af fairs committee and this may recommend drafting, as the mili tary! totalitarian! are in the ma jority there also. i . v But on the floor of the senate and f house today, a majority for a youth draft would be hard to find. Compulsion for home and school training without a na tional draft is the .obvious com promise. ' ; . - : The army has never come for ward with a specific Outline of what it intended to do with the young men if it gets control of them for a year (no one men- By Lichty tioris the youug women; any more T - J end: I! assume they have; been dropped from the army training program.) ; ' - j- .' . ; But retired officers who are going around the country whip-, ping up sentiment in American Legion posts advocate something like this: - j 'Nine weeks basic training (bunk making, setting-up exer cises, etc.); nine weeks of special ists j training in various of the 4009 specialist categories in the army; IS weeks of small units training, working in squads, companies and - battalions; IS weeks of combat training and the final eight weeks in maneuvers. There would be no refresher courses. . j- ' Even so, the program still calls 'fori a regular army land; navy and a national guard consider ably larger than pre-war. T WASHINGTON, July lo. No secret meetings with the military were held by the Wood rum house committee which urged what it called "a broad policy of univer sal military training." i ' No special information concern ing difficulties ahead of this na tion was , priv ately passed to the committee by the war de partment which has been pro moting the youth draft Specifically, no inside : scare over Russia in spired the com mittee. Paul . Mallon Consequently, considerable pre plexity has developed as to how and why it went contrary to the weight of evidence in its own hearings, j j . It seemed to vote 16' to 0 in favor of a program which none of its hearing witnesses endorsed, except the army, navy, state de partments and the .TJ. S. cham ber of commerce, against the . popular opposition of national educational ' groups, both major national labor organizations, two of the three national farm or ganizations, as well as the usual peace societies, and women's groups. 5 To make the mystery more possible, one member of the com mittee says he has received only two letters from his district in favor of the youth draft, while . he has a. bushel of mail against it " j , - When congressmen, go 16 to 0 (the remaining six members ab stained or wanted to delay action but did hot vote against the re port directly) In favor of some thing opposed by their, constitu ents and i the most powerful lob bies in Washington labor, farm er, education, women a miracle is wrought This one seems to come within the realm of magic political magic. If should have been en titled "how to be a politician in one easy lesson." Caught between CRT 11 (Continued from page 1) j (Continued From Page 1) Was made to require senatorial redisricting every decade. One third of the members of either house may call a bill from com mittee to the floor; each commit tee is required to keep a record of the vote on-every bill before it ' In the executive department the new constitution requires consolidation! of some seventy odd departments into not more than 14. ! A single department of reve jnue is created to "collect all state taxes. A department of public health and welfare was created. A limited merit system was es tablished. The supreme court is given the power to make rules of prac tice and procedure for all courts. A system of magistrate courts replaces that of justices of the peace, and probate judges are required to be lawyers. In the field of local govern ment cities with a population of 10,000 or more are given power to write their own charters. Counties with a population of over 85,000 may draft their own charters; and counties, up j to 10 ; in number, may go together in performance of g o v e rnmental functions : such as maintaining hospitals. . i A state board of education was established with power to elect a state commissioner of educa tion; the state is required to support public libraries; legisla j tare is given -authority to make ; exceptions to the old requirement of separate schools for white and colored children. .1 . As to taxation the legislature lis given'broad powers of classi i fication of property which is de- fined as real, tangible personal and intangible personal prop- erty. Intangibles may be taxed Ion their yield up to a rate of; 8 per cent (reminiscent of Ore- I iron's former intangibles'! tax); but net proceeds of this tax are; : to be returned to local I units. i Flexible instead - of rigid j limits' I on local taxes are' provided, with! j allowance of special levies for; ! library,, health, recreation and; museum purposes. i I The Missouri convention met: for over a year to frame thla constitution. Back in 185? dele-j gates from over Oregon met. in; Salem on the third Monday in August, drew up our constitution and adjourned on September 184 ,Dur constitution has thus stood, for over 90 years, although It has been amended nearly 60 times. ' I have wondered sometimes why some one hasn't proposed a constitutional convention to revise Oregon's constitution. While numerous amendments have kept it fairly modern, it could stand thoroughgoing revi sion. Some dead and conflicting material could be eliminated. But whether the convention would agree on certain vital questions, and. then the people approve, is doubtful. Among them are: greater flex ibility to our tax system by re moving the ban on emergency clause to legislative tax meas ures, j ' j ' j Revision of plan for represen tation In the legislature, the present constitutional mandate for representation according to population being regularly ig nored. i Granting to j supreme court power to make; rules of proce dure in all courts. Consolidation of counties; and of Portland - Multnomah city county. 1 i Real reform In i county and school district administration. Some day Oregon may decide to revise its constitution, which is pretty much of a patchwork quilt now. Our local govern ment particularly 1 could stand modernization In its machinery. We ought to be studying the workr of these states which are framing new constitutions ' for their government in preparation for drawing up a new constitu tion in Oregon. The Safety Valve LETTERS FROM STATESMAN READERS -i.T.,. RESTAURANT INSPECTION To the Editor: Read your editorial on restau rant inspection Saturday and It is to be hoped that the agricul tural department of the state will bear down on some of the restaurants in the higher brack , ets, and we could mention one, in fact one of the high priced ones of Salem, which seems to be immune from all laws and ordinances and OPA regulations, and this place has nearly all of ita pastries 1 exposed, with flies 'feasting on doughnuts and cake before being served to the un fortunate customers. The city inspectors "seemed to have Ignored all complaints and we hope the new Inspectors will give the city restaurants thor ouf going over. The new law gives them plenty of leeway to remedy filthy conditions and . bring the culprits into court or -lose them up. I understand this ..was done here a few years ago and for a time sanitary improve ments were noticed. ; 1 f - HENRY M.-JOHNS I "New recrtits very poor e.oal!ty and lew morale refuse te eon vv .--- -r : ' : salt soieide when erderedr v. "7' . ' . Milk Shortage Threat Removed by Purchase " Threat of a milk shortage in Salem was removed : when the Dairy Cooperative association contracted to purchase 16,000 pounds of milk daily ; in Wash ington county, Joe Ken d rick, manager, declared here Monday. The association has asked the off ice of defense transportation to ' permit extension of its routes so thati grade A milk may be provid ed from outside the Salem-milk-shed for the army -f v i - :." . I DIAIIOIIDS From STEVEIig 8 Fine, Brilliant Diajnends Exquisitely Meuted Whether you I select ; large j diamond, or one of modest site, bf this you may be sure it will jbe exquisite, styled in the best of taste, a matchless value. TES3X3 GLADLY ' 1 ARRANGED 'I .129 Court Street