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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (July 15, 1945)
2. PAGZ FOUH The OXSGOXI STATCSMAlt. Satan. Oroqoo. Eundoy horning, July li 1S4S THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher $ ; Member of the Associated Pren - " B ' The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the use for publication of an ; news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. USO Work Expands j Effort is being; made to reopen full time the local USO to serve the greatly increased num ber of enlisted personnel now stationed in;the area, chiefly at Camp Adair replacement depot, the navy hospital and the Corvallis air base. The Albany USO's reopening has already been approved. Prompt action is expected on the) $alem application. -, The public should realize the position In which the USO now finds itself. Whereas a year ago its load was diminishing fast as troops were moved out and camps closed, now, with the redeployment of the armed forces the burden on the USO organization is growing, j The USO travel aid stations are of . course 'very active again, with so many troops in trans- It. Old clubs are being reopened as camps are being reopened. There is increased demand jfor the USO camp ! shows. With fighting in Europe over the army is calling for more en tertainment, so the camp shows must put in more time there, until the evacuation is com pleted down to the garrison units. Then, with each new area captured in the Pacific come calls for USO entertainers which must be filled. IFinally the army has asked the USO to open clubs in the Philippines which is expected to become the great staging base for the final lassaults on Japan and China. j Because of these new appeals the USO had to go to the National War Fund and ask for an additional appropriation. The directors of the fund reached into their reserves and pro-? vided $2,800,000 4o meet this demand. This was made possible because of declines in need " for some of! the other agencies.. , ! The goal set for the 1945 war fund campaign Is' $115,000,000, the same as last year. While some relief agencies have withdrawn, such as British, Russian and Danish, the heeds of the f other agencies, like the USO, Philippine relief, etc. have increased so the full amount will be required. Our local situation is an illustration of how the USO, the main beneficiary of the National War Fund, has had to enlarge its budget to meet the altered situation which has followed V-E day. Veterans and Unions v j Congressman Rankin got his committee on veterans' affairs to endorse a measure that would make il unnecessary for a returned war veteran to join a union' in order to hold a job. The plausible appeal in behalf of such legisla- tion is simply: Why should a veteran pay , tribute to a labor union to hold a job? Yet when one realizes that before many months there will be 10 or 11 million war veterans who will be doing most of the work in this country, it is clear that enactment of such legislation would be a virtual deathblow to labor unions. In view of Rankin's record it is safe to conclude that he aims at that target Editorial Comment REHABILITATION . " ! Eighty years ago the 11 Confederate states were e social, political, economic desert. Lee surrendered 26,765 men. Johnston and Kirby Smith brought the total to 174,233. The rest of th 800,009 who served had been killed or Invalided. 1 There were 8,000,000 people, slightly fewer than 6,000,000 white. Experienced, educated classes were disqualified. Suffrage was in control of the 1.000,000 newly freed Negroes, who had enjoyed no more opportunity for political experience than little children. j The, fighting Union army went home. The politi cal army moved in. There was military govern ment. often revengeful, to aggravate desperate problems. Fanatics and rascals encouraged racial conflicts. ' " : Banks were ruined, railroads torn up, factories and mills demolished, bridges wrecked, river chan nels blocked with debris. What Sherman did from Atlanta to the sea was duplicated in the Shenan doah and the Tennessee valley. From Virginia to Louisiana cities and towns were gaunt relics of fire and bombardment. Confederate widows and orphans by thousands were j hungry, reliant on neighbors little better fixed. ! j I Slavery, the basis of economics and the social system, was abolished, with no substitute for jit. Freed men were tol)l freedom meant no more work. Many stayed on ar returned to the plantations, sometimes as tenant farmers. Others migrated and, "In mushroom communities endured dreadful hard ships. Epidemics produced 'Negro infant mortality five times out , of proportion. Distribution and marketing on a wholesale scale by plantations had to be suddenly reorganized to a system of small retailing. Whitelaw Reid, touring the south, wrote that the destruction of character and courage was more saddening than the poverty and death. The F reed men's Bureau did distribute 21.000,000 government rations in four years, 15,000,000 to needy Negroes, 6,000,000 to hungry white families. Otherwise relief was private philanthropy or enterprise for local resources. ; ; i But character and courage, beaten down, were not dead. The 8,000.000, whije and Negro, were advised to work or starve. Lacking draft i animals, men and women who had known better days, hitched themselves to the plows. A traveler shocked that a Confederate general allowed his plowman to be so ragged was more surprised to j find it was the general himself .tilling his Virginia acres. A North CarolinaTiill fanner freighted a wagon of tobacco to Albemarle, a week's journey,) traded for salt fish, : swapped that for fresh pork and peddled il Out of his profits he took home $la worth of brown sugar, the greatest luxury his growing boys had enjoyed. One of the boys was James B. Duke. His daughter' Doris was called the multi-million Tobacco Princess. J By their own bootstraps the 8,000,000 of the south, white and Negro, pulled themselves up. -Seven years after Appomatox saw the foundation of Hampton Institute, to educate the children of slaves. Booker T. Washington said there was a mania for Latin and -Greek,, but -they got -ever 4 that. San Francisco Chronicle. !...'- P : : ;'''- ' . ':- ' '- "No Favor Sways Us; No Fear Shall Aw" From Tint Statesman, March 28, 1831 quite as much, as trying to help the veterans. Rankin may think he is doing veterans a service to give - them exemption from union dues and affiliation. But since it is pretty well established that workers require organization -for self-protection under the present industrial system, reflection will Convince one that this undermining of unions ultimately would op erate to injure the workfr-veteran himself. He again would be merely an individual helpless in bargaining with his huge, corporate em ployer. . i:? '1 ' ' ; What evils , there are in unionism should be attacked directly, by legislation if necessary, by direct pressure if that method is indicated, and not by indirect attack to destroy the union. Legislation ostensibly w the interest of war veterans needs to be scrutinized to see if it has collateral effects that might be injurious. In. general it may b said that veterans will have to adapt themselves to the prevailing pattern of our living. The ma jority of them expect this and realize? that' interference by law with long Interpreting The Wait News interest She. too, . three" session, longed Moscow of China That Japanese -lu,uul majiu. recent Japanese established practices would be ( unwise from the standpoint of. the whole coun try; We are all anxious to give the veteran a good break, but not to the extent of breaking down the social and economic mechanism. We do not believe the veterans want us to do that. Chennault to Retire Retirement of Maj. Gen. Claire L., Chennattlt takes one of the saviors of China out of the war. It was Chennault! who, having retired from the army in 19361 because of ill health, went to China and there organized the Chines air force. In the period before we got into j the war he organized the famous Flying Tigers, j volunteer American pilots who fought to stem j the tide of Japanese conquest- By his leadership ; and his" organizing ability General Chennault did much to keep China1 fighting. He has made a. great contribution to the victory now in the! making. I 1 What Chennault's men did with the few; planes and parts at their disposal will become' legend. With the most meagre equipment they, were able to fend off the Jap squadrons .which previously had sprayed Chungking with bombs and bullets. The men learned how to maintain; their planes, and how to get home with planes1 held together as it were by f adhesive tape. j Now Chennault is through. He is leaving China and leaving the rmy- he was recalled "to duty in 1942 but asigned to China. Another commander takes over. .Victory in China seems just a matter of time, Chetinault is through,1 but his name will live long in China, and should live long in the annals of American war and aviation. f . I Barbara (Babs) Hutton is. seeking a divorce from her husband, Cay Grant, movie actor. Barbara has run through with three, husbands, a Georgian prince, a Danish count, and now a movie star. While some of ihe husbands have come high, no one intimates, that she has run through with her fortune. ,v ! "Women to Buy Clothes i for Less" says a headline. Must be a miStakelFrom appearances they are buying fewer clothes, but for more money. f - The army plans to release 7000 doctors within, j the next ten months. It's still a long time before ; doctors will need to get themselves paged at j movie houses. li By KIRKE U SIMPSON AnoeUta Ptm War AnAlyct ; Overshadowing all other world events this July weekend is the impending first meeting of Primal Minister Churchjll of Britain, Premier Stalin of Russia and President Truman of the United States! in conquered Germany.t , j I Out of it could come conceivably not alone basic United Nations agreements to implement the peace in Europe; tXit Veorientation of the war against Japan. : ' . $ ' v , j There Is no, official word from any source to that effect. Discussion of the war in Asia is notably' j piled in London and Washington. Yet the circum stances under which Churchill, Stalin and Truman foregather make it all but inevitable that an inter change of views both as to ways and means of bringing Japan to her knees and as to conditions to be imposed upon hr after unconditional sur render should occur incidental to the meeting in Fotsdam. . - -. " - . -' At the moment the only formal statement of i Chineseellied intentions as to Japan goes back to the Cairo meeting of Churchill, President Roose- 1 velt and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in No- ) vember, 1943. That preceded the Teheran con-! ference where allied stritegic plans for overwhelm- ; ing Germany were drawn up, ' j Aside from unconditional surrender, the Carlo ! announcement included certain specific undertak ings like restoration to China of such Japanese ! "stolen" territory as Formosa; Manchuria and the Pescadores islands, and "in due course1 return of "enslaved" Korea to a "free and independent ! state, it also specifically pledged that the partici pating nations "convert no gain for themselves and have no thought of territorial expansion at Japan's I expense. : i .$ ; ; -1 j In all of those matters Russia has a' natural I like China, has Japanese "stolen" ' territory to regain, southern Sakalin for example. And when Stalin arrives in Potsdam for the "big he will come fresh from his pro f conversations; with Premier Soong officialdom Is watching aDDroacA-i ing Potsdam meeting with keen apprehension goes v. " ri tkm . 4 . . Z m A J - . J . . .. . . . i .isespcrtiv eixoru io sur aissensionr In United Nations ranks at this eleventh hour '"And ear new employment peUey give preferenee Ueversea vet- "Gazette." It was printed in arter wiuv doom, overhanging Japan has marked every terans wli r't, W .i rr - - ..,at .anlmma TnoWsh... ini move 1 ft : iij ABOUT THIS, HDUTJ t ,. " If, P( YlXJ ARE GETTUIS MIGHTY iiS Getting Down to Terms Tho Literary Guidcpost Br Wi O. Rogers TBI CITT IS: THE PEOPLE. f Htnry S. CharchlU (Kcynal Hitchcock; S3). , Why boys leave home . . 1 that il really the subject of this little book, well illustrated and enter- tainingly phrased, probing deep ly into ohe of our most urgent H i : if i s problems. j - j , I The author Is an architect who : has been a leader in several phases of housing problems. J Our ' great cities, he charges, j were not built for the purpose of providing the right sort of com- munity to live in, but in order to make moneys out of increased i land values. It was the automo- bile which aied in rapid metro ' politan expansion, he says; it is I now the automobile upon which I we depend to' escape from mon i strous warrens like New fYork, - laid out on the gridiron principle which : allows for indefinite i growth even f the growth stifles . : the inhabitants. ! ' i Churchill lias the ability to make his proposals sound fresh : even when they are not brand j new. After scouring the world, j past and present, for examples ;jof good ; and bad city planning, Uhe calls for a clearer vision on .our part of the ideal city. I I Since only; a small percentage iof Americans can actually foot I the many bils for an adequate home, he concludes the govern-, ment must intervene. His recom mendation is "continued; owner ship of land by government.' . This would bring such ! specific benefits as complete control of land, of (population) density, of use-distribution, and eventually, of the disposition of the struc tures." I j If you really want to know what sort of! a place you live in, check it with ChurchilL i THE TH BOBS' AND PRACTICE OF EAKNIMO A LIVING, ky ioh P. Wkart (SUaoa Schnstcr; 2My 1 Here's a book that should ! make you -wealthier as Well as wiser. Ther are no get-rich-i quick schemes here, but merely a sober appjraisal of this coun try's money-making potentiali ties and! the- restrictions j placed ' around them . by 'tradition and -law. It's mqre for. the . prospec tive employer than the employe. AND BEAR - 4 - . f GRIN it - t r r r i . Weivo Behind the Nevvs By PAUL MALLON (Distribution by King Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction tn whole - or tn part strictly prohibited.) WASHINGTON, July 14 The Berlin conference, of Messrs. Truman, Churchill and Stalin at the head of sub stantial entour ages, will be long and thor ough. Those who left here, early, including Jos- eph D a v i e s (who seems to be a sort of new Harry Hopkins to Mr. Truman rani Maltea on Russia) made plans to" be away a month. , Inner plans call for Mr. Truman's return about August 15. What will be the subjects for discussion is a matter of com- , mon popular speculation, the commonest and most popular running to international diplo matic crises on the front pages. Last week's crisis was Turkey, this week added Tangiers and Berlin food. A few weeks ear lier it was Syria, and so on. For many generations Britain' has been accustomed to a diplo matic crisis a week,! sometimes two in good weeks. ! Our ven ture into world leadership has, for the first apparent result, plunged us into the realm of suc ceeding, endless crises in one part of the world or another. My guess is that the handling of whatever crises are upper most in the news' of the moment may dominate the reports from the conference, but not the con ference. But that to be suc cessful, the meeting itself must deal inevitably with what caus es all these crises, j and elim - inate j the causes. ! Th new president, Mr. Tru man,! and his new State Secre tary Byrnes arc being sent on their way with the private sen atorial . comment that they are not mien "accustomed to giving things away." ' To this observa tion, one senator has rejoined: "Yes, but we have nothing to give away." t- . This may be somewhat true fa a' territorial sense, but in. a more accurate consideration we have the entire world to give away. We can give away other nations quite freely.' The truth IT By Lichty he werldT? w - -V r . 4 ! . I is we have leadership to assert The cause of tiese crises-is a developing imperialist policy by Russia. Her army occupation of European territory was blocked off from all news, by Moscow, for several weeks after the sur- render, until a few days ago. H The commonly ascribed rea- ; son if or our exclusion, as offered authoritatively, but privately, here, is that Russia wished to liquidate all her enemies - In those nations before letting us even into Berlin. Along with this -development, Russia has pursued a ; policy of extension of her borders, start ing before her invasion by Hit ler, by taking Jialf of Poland, then afterward "taking it all into ,. her sphere of influence, com pletely liquidating Estonia, Lat via! and Lithuania, getting back Carpatho-Ukraine from Czecho slovakia, slicing off a piece of Finland, demanding : provinces from neutral Turkey, and so on. This aggrandizement of terri tory has been based on the pol icy of taking, any loose adjoin ing territory for which a histor ical justification of old time' Russian ownership might be of fered. (Hitler, you may remem ber, did it that way for a while , Rhineland, Austria, Danzig, etc.) Where does this stop? If Rus sia 'turns next to Asia, despite : any temporary or tentative un- . derstandings With T. V. Soong on joining us as an ally, will she : demand territory formerly lost to Japan, and go back into history far; enough to find grounds for encroaching upon Asia, step by step, crisis by; crisis, in coming : months or years? - ! 1 i Is the holy Russian . empire ; coming back into the world un der new management? With no . noticeable expansion in holiness? J ; Along with this visible exten- sion of actula empire, Russia al so is proceeding to extend her; hegemony over other states, in- , : setting friendly presidents, cab- ; inet ministers and j otherwises . gaining control which is visible ; only in results trade prefer-: ences, special interests,' alliances, ' , etc! . ! .- . . J- . Messrs. Truman and Byrnes ! will have to develop and present; a new American foreign policy , " to deal with this basic matter, now the most important under- , lying question of the world, and . assert affirmative American leadership- in the world. I do not believe they favor war to : stop Russia or appeasement. No popular sentiment for war exists in this country, but an In consequential minority is loudly promoting appeasement. In past diplomacy -we have tried' both war and appeasement. Neither method is popular as a course now. ' . : J"-. If Russia forces us we , could be required to adopt-: pressure . . politics -in self-defense, but this would be popular only if Rus- sia does , not stop her present course. r What our people plainly want is above-board dealing and Jus- . tice for all T people (not more dictatorship, empires and hege- . monies), and they want our of ficials to pursue this without fearful appeasement on the one band or belligerency on the oth er, ..-.v i ' They v want us now, I believe, ' to assume the leadership respon sibility which we profess. I think -.this will be -the Truman-Byrnes course in Berlin. ( f ' ' ' r- The first newspaper to be pub lished in Canada was the Quebec French. OCCUPIED GERMAN i -vrr" It still doesn't the war is over fw a f ew Irdd -vision doughboys who contonie to probe the wooded mountain slopes soutneast w " ---- rim eekinsi as ported bidden high in th snow spoueu Alps. . - The 15th re giment's intel ligence and . reconnaissance platoon keeps steadily at it Patrols ride Lc . : Jeep. -ashigh tll trd as they will go KuUMth Dixon and walk on . : . from there. SorneUmes they get Into snowy terrain where it is plenty cold, even in July. "You don't notice it much un til you stop." said Pfc. Edward M. Manns. Hoboken, NJ, "then you feel it plenty." He laughed ruefully, and then added: "You know this moun tain climbing, would be fun if you didn't have to do it But with a gun and all your equip ment, not so good." But It pays dividends. Tho other day they took an SS cap tain with five troopers and two women. . ;! i Other members of Manns' pa trol included - Lt Stanley & Waldner, Cleveland; CpL Emit C. Halerz, Chicago;-Pfc. George F. Foy, Chicago; Pfc. David R. Humphreys, Seekeng, Mass.; Pfc. Kenneth , D. Schoolcraft, ! Highland Park, Mich4 and Pvt ; Abraham B. Schein, New York. (Continued from page 1) gone. Only a few family picnics are reported. Most of the them have been suspended for the duration. ' H ' ; ' ' This casualty does break some of the old ties. There istCt the annual . check-up of family news, the welcoming of new "in-laws" ' and of infant offspring.- Among the older; mem bers of the .clan, the ones who feel most' closely the obligations of the family, there must be a real sense of vacuum-something missing from their lives not to j have the annual reunion' to look! forward to and back upon. j We may be sure that the re unions are only suspended, that; when the war really ends and i the valley settles back to normal j (though many fear it never, will-: be quite normal again) the fam-j ily picnics will be resumed. Sil-i verton park and Dallas park and: Corvallis park and Hazel Green' and Silver Creek falls; again! will be the scenes of the gather--Ing of clans of the valley. . j And' what 'reunions they will! be, when Bill comes home wear-; ing a DSM, and Joe a Purple! Heart; when freckle-faced Jim' shows sup as a grim,' bronzed; captain of . infantry and Roger, shows the Jap flag he took oft a dead Jap -major on Honshu!; And don't forget Genevieve, who; fought heat and insects and dis-l ease as an army nurse in New! Guinea, or Mildred who joined the WAVES and served at Pearl Harbor. . In past reunions Grandfather Brown was always .the center1 of interest as he related once more how be fit the Injuns in the:Cayuse war and then fit the -government tot 40 yeejrs trying to get a pension for his service. And there was Greet Aunt Jenny, who, at the age oi three, crossed the plains in an ox-drawn wagon, remembers the 'time the Snake river In4 dians peered into their covered wagon and . frightened her out of a year's growth, though U they did was to say "Skodkuni pappoose.". : .-y- x When the'; postwar reunions are held no one will i be m4 terested in Grandpa ppy Brown's well-worn tale or Aunt ! Jenny's shivering recital of that! episode in her chilhood. The crowd will gather around ex-private first class Henry who went in with the marines on Iwa Jima, and ex-lieutenant John whose plar toon was all but wiped out In the battle of the Ardennes, and ex-radar technician Albert who was dumped into the sea when his carrier took a beating from Jap suicide planes. . j What exchanges of tall tales will occur when the youth come home- again. : home from the Aleutians and Iran, home- from Australia end Italy, from Nai tal and Manila, from Berlin and Tokyo and Nanking. Then bring ; on your family reunions,' with : a few new wives from Australia and new husbands from Texas and Indiana.,... ..TC;:1 ,-.'- Yours for bigger and, better Willamette valley . family re ; unions when there are plenty of ,gasoline and fried I chicken and baked ham and homemade cakes and pies, when soldiers and .j sailors c and . marines axe home from the wart! DOS IPG Search for Storm Troopers CSSon In Austrian E2I Ta the Jrd divisions incident ally, has jone the credit for one of tho most j successful experi ments in re-educating German prisoners off war, j eliminating dangerous i miliUrisUc tenden cies and ferreting out war crim inals hidden in the ranks of the Wehnnacht i Due to administrativo exigen cies at the end of the war, some 6000 prisoners were on the divi- sion's hands.! They were organ ized along their own army lines with their' own officers In charge. For a while they were intimidating their men and dis criminating i against non-Germans who had been drafted into the Wehnnacht Also they were using sticks as rifles and giving drills and lectures on guerrilla warfare. .! ' , ' Much of this- was due to tho fact that the prisoner rank con tained many; bidden war crimi nals. Already four skin graftings had been performed secretly to remove blood-type identification tattoos found under the arm of all troopers. ; " . ' The Americans promptly dis solved all non-commissioned of ficer grades ! among the prison ers. Isolated j commissioned offi cers from enlisted men. and put one American enlisted man in charge of each battalion of pris oners, t-, , j ' ; The groups were given labor punishment and all their dis charges were held up whenever they were found to be harboring war criminals and the cause for the penalties was carefully explained.' GI commanders set aside an hour a day to hear each individual ; story the German soldiers might have to tell, with the understanding that the story would be held in complete con fidence, at least until the crimi nals were identified and their cases handled. With this ; going on, the GI's gave the .Germans a taste of democracyj'in action by permit ting them to print their own daily paper j with German edi ' tors, giving the Camp complete world news. They also set up 1 sports competition. ? Units smaller than a battal ion were permitted to have their own commanders, but they were carefully ' screened to see they were anti-nazis, or at least not ardent party operators. Thus, " even while prisoners were being- penalized for hiding war criminals and engaging in mili taristic activities, they were giv en a sort of supervised self gov ernment j and i their physical energies were being released thorugh normal sports. Results appeared swiftly, first in semi-intangible ways such as camps' .atmosphere which promptly became more whole some and -healthful i The old feeling of undercurrents, resist ance and resentment gradually ebbed.. But of more immediate im portance were the tangible re . suits?' ' : . . '-'; .!..' ' . Out of 6700 prisoners, the first ten days brought the identifica tion of more than 1500 Waffen SS and Allegemeine SS troops hidden within the ranks of the regular Wehnnacht In addition, S3 dangerous Al legemeine political SS operators were discovered many of them with 'notorious backgrounds as .guards- in such places as Da chau and Buchenwald concen tration camps. " ; The division has followed a blunt and simple recipe:- We don't push them around but we don't coddle them. Wo simply give them a straight for ward deaL When they quit act ing like a herd and start acting like individuals, we treat each ease on an' individual basis." I A. smart new setting to en- uunxm your coamond. Trim, streamlined - designs. Plain or with side stones. r Dlcxztonda' Ceatt ' While Tou V7edL Terms Gladly Arrsared. Mountings . at Stevens jr IPS I 129 Cwt St - - 3