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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (June 30, 1945)
PAGE four OREGON STATESMAN. Salem. Oregon. Saturday Morning, June 33, 1943 9je reaotiiiitateBmatt ar ... r i , "Wo Favor Sways Us; No Fear Shall Awe" From First Statesman, March 23, 1851 THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher Member of the Associated Press V The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for publication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited In this newspaper. Railroads and Competition The railroads of the country are on trial in U. S. courts for violating the Sherman anti trust act. Attorney General Biddle accuses them of fixing rates through mutual agreement by the medium of rate bureaus. The railroads offer the defense that whatever rates they make are subject to the authority of the inter state commerce commission. They do not like to be accused of violating law and they do .ask to be put under one masters They protest it is not logical to have the ICC asone regulation body and the courts and department of justice another. When the country" adopted the policy of policing railroads as to rates and practices, and now as to wages,, it made a change in the basis of railway operation. The railroads came to be regarded as a single great system primarily designed to serve the public with transportation. Under this plan a railroad cannot alter a rate, construct or abandon mue oi rauroaa wiuiuut ivu ayyivvai. Under this plan of strict regulation, railroads re cribbed more and more in uniformity. They ask congress to make it lawful for them to agree on rates and practices subject to the approval of the ICC. This seems a very practical step, quite in line with the development of government regulation. One of the ablest authorities on transporta tion was the late Joseph B. Eastman, long member of the ICC, who died while serving as director of ODT. In testifying before the senate committee on interstate commerce, East man said in 1943: "I am wholly convinced that if the carriers of the country are to respond to the duties and obligations imposed upon them by the Interstate Commerce ; Act, and if the rate structure is to, be reasonable, free from unjust discrimination or undue preference and prej udice, as simple and consistent as may be, reasonably stable, and sufficient for the min ancial needs of private ownership and opera tion, the carriers must be in a position to consult, confer, and deal collectively with many prfttses of the matter, and that while the ultimate right of individual action should be scrupulously preserved, it is desirable that such action should not be taken without prior notice to fellow carriers and shippers and an opportunity for them to express their views." This statement is a clear and convincing declaration of policy which offers strong sup port to the Bulwinkle bill (HR 2536) pending in congress. This would permit the roads to make agreements and register them with the ICC. If approved by the ICC the agreements would stand and the roads would hot be hailed before the court as violators of the Sherman ct. . . For years our government policy and our popular thinking have headed in opposite di rections. We cherish the old idea of competition; but more and more we pass laws which limit the area of competition. Wage-fixing, price control are examples of government interven tion with free competition. It would now be folly to attempt to revert to unrestricted com petition in the operation of railroads. Having gone as far as we have along the path of regulation we snouia not aangie ine swora oi the Sherman act over the heads of railroads. ."Instead we should permit agreements covering railroad operations, subject to the scrutiny of the ICC. But the ICC itself needs some overhaul. It has grown moribund, through the years, loaded down with duties, lacking in' imagination. If the Bulwinkle bill passes or if it doesn't the ICC ought to get some new blood so it will do a better job of bossing the country's transportation system. . A rubber company suggests mounting houses on rubber piling to absorb noise. Specially pre pared rooms for the navy, says the company, have been made so -sound-proof a man can hear his heart beat. What a pounding there would be if lovers courted in a room like that, with two hearts beating as one. Kamikaze Damage Navy losses in the Okinawa campaign were 9731 with 4907 killed or missing and 4824 wounded. These figures make it one of the most costly naval operations in our history. The navy had to stay in those waters to cover the invasion, shell surface enemy posi tions and guard supply lines. This left the ships exposed to the repeated attacks by swarms of Jap planes. , We can't laugh off these kamikaze planes. They blasted the carriers Franklin, Saratoga and Bunker Hill. They , have sunk 31 ships including 11 destroyers. They have damaged 54 other vessels of the navy standing guard off the Okinawa beaches. Two of these planes cost the USS, Bunker Hill 392 dead and 264 wounded and put the ship out of action for many weeks. The Franklin lost nearly -1000 in killed, wounded and missing, and suffered damages amounting to some $25,000,000. Even if the Japs lose many planes they are ahead on the direct exchange in the amount of de struction they do. These losses will not be decisive because of our overwhelming superiority. But they are serious, as the totals show. We can expect them to continue as our fleet closes in on the home islands. The experience indicates the necessity of blasting the factories where these planes are produced and the bases where they are launch ed. The superforts will have to drench the is lands with bombs and fire to cut down our losses from enemy action and make safe the final invasion. All this adds up to time. We must settle down to putting victory over Japan matter of years not months. 'ill! v : DittribaUd by Kin Voter SrwUea ' ty Miniwl vita lha WaaUactoa Star The Time Is Short The Literary Guidcpost By W. G. &ier Foreign Tours Great Britain is planning to appeal for the postwar tourist trade. This would be a great source of income to help the islands maintain a balance of trade. Other nations doubtless will make similar efforts to lure American dollars their way. Russia will revive its In tourist organization. Norway, land of the mid night sun, will have an added claim to sym pathies of westerners. And there will be many who will want to see the ruins of German cities. American cemeteries overseas will be a magnet drawing thousands searching for the last resting place of their loved ones. Even the tiny atolls of the Pacific, Tarawa and Kwajalin and others, will claim their share of American tourists. When we think of postwar tourist travel we must realize that foreign lands will: attract more Americans than ever before, just as soon as accomodations for travel and residence are made comfortable. The state forestry publication says the Soviets have grown pine trees so they produce lumber without knots. What, no knotholes for the ball park fence? You can't do that to kids in America. Editorial Comment SCIENCE AND KECOWYEKSION For the last two years engineers,- chemists and ' physicists have been urging military deferment of scientists in the national interest. Now coma the American Council on Education and the Na tional. Research Council with a joint report which reinforces the argument and reaches the conclusion that industrial progress will be retarded by ' at least twenty years, unless enough young men are permitted to complete university courses in science. The outlook in medicine is worst of all, not only because so many physicians have been recruited by the army and navy but because selective service has made lt impossible to maintain enrollments in medical and dental schools at a safe level, so . that post-war needs for medical care will not be fully met. On this point Dean Wiam C. Rappleye of the College of Physicians and, Surgeons disagrees, maintaining: that medical schools have never been so crowded. But there is no doubt that had we New York claims to be the diamond-cutting center of the world, succeeding Brussels. New York, the slicker city, has to import its dia-monds-in-the-rough, however. Interpreting The War News By KIRKE L. SIMPSON Associated Press War Analyst The rise in the surrender rate by trapped Jap anese troops on Okinawa and in the Philippines is impressive both because of . the trend and the circumstances rather than' that the figures show as yet any symptom of an impending general collapse in army morale. That was the point accented by war under secretary Patterson in revealing that in the closing days of both campaigns the surrender ratio to counted enemy dead had gone up from a previous one per cent to substantially ten per cent. Many prisoners came into American lines in both cases waving "surrender passports" dropped from planes. Patterson held that fully justified the efforts to counter by all forms of propaganda the fight-to-the-death indoctrination of Japanese forces and the hara kiri example of high ranking Japanese officers. But what actually clinched the passport offers of decent treatment for war prison ers in Japanese minds, Patterson added, was "our physical force and the courage of our own men and their obvious advances in battle toward the destruction of Japan." Actually the ten per cent surrender trend could be misleading. It is figured on the basis of counted enemy dead. That does not include the unquestion- u&a1o?J? "f GRIN AND BEAR IT navy, which would reduce the ' ratio. There is small chance for surrender in modern naval war fare in any case and when a troop-laden transport is sent to the bottom there can be few survivors. The rising trend toward surrender it not to be ignored, nevertheless. It must be measured against the fact that troops and naval personnel ashore on garrison duty in the Pacific campaigning prob ably were hand picked by the Japanese command. They were taken from younger and fully indoc trinated army and navy groups. Not many re servists, recalled to the colors for war service after some years of civilian life, were included. There is some justification for assuming that the pick" of the Japanese army has been and still is in China and the Pacific and Dutch Indies islands leaving the home defense largely to reserve elements. Tokyo has never had op portunity to recall Island garrisons for home de fense -and there is no intimation first line troops -Chicago muroers- ay various hands; edited ay StweU Feaslea Wright (DaeU, SUaa Pearca; S2.7S). Murder either of fact or fic tion has fascinated man since the birth of time. You have on ly to go as far as the fourth chapter of Genesis to note how soon murder makes its appear ance in the Biblical account of creation, and to read of probably the most famous of all murders the Cain-Abel story. The bibliography of homicidal criminology is probably the vast est of all. To many readers the word "murder in a book's title Inevitably suggests a murder novel. But to the murder con noisseur it means a real life case. ("Connoisseur probably is not the right word; the late Ed mund Pearson once almost pa thetically exclaimed: "Don't call me a murder fancier; I only write about the subject") At any rate, there are thou sands of volumes dealing with actual murders. Some of the finest writing art ists of the British Isles have chosen murder for their subject from DeQuincy to William Roughead, the latter an erudite Scot who is the present kingpin of the clan. Then, England has fathered a famous series, "Eng lish State Trials." A decade ago an American publishing firm started a some what similar production under the general title of "Notable A merican Trials," but the series came to an end. Now comes a more modest but just as interesting series of books on "Regional Murders." The first, published last year, was "New York Murders." Currently appears "Chicago Murders," con tinuing some famous Windy City accounts by such competent workmen as Vincent Starret, Crair Rice and Otto Eisenschiml. Soon to follow will be "San Francisco Murders." The Chicago selections are what might be called the "class ics" rather than cases stemming from the fantastic gangster era. Nevertheless, the editor notes that "the selection .... was a monumental task because of the , richness of the field . . . Chicago is, and always has been, a lusty, brawling, violent city; a poly glot city, a rich city, a city pow erful and unafraid." Tpmmnrs (Continued From Page 1) be alert to their employment, re alizing however that the device used in peace may become a weapon of war. Certainly it becomes highly important to keep our scientific research a- breast of, nay ahead of, that of other lands. These disclosures sharpen the point of the editor ial from the New York Times which is reprinted on The States man's editorial page today. If we starve science we starve our military security. One reason why I am skeptical about compulsory military train ing is because I feel it puts em phasis in the wrong place: the drilling of great bodies of men, Would we not do much better .for our defense to divert just a part of the cost of a program of universal military training to scientific research? With rock ets jumping the- Atlantic and further improvements in planes and submarines, wars of the fu ture may not be fought with mass armies. The complaint has usually been that generals are always fighting the last war over again. The aggressive-innovator blitzes through the old tactics and ma chines to gain early victory. In 1940 Hitler was victor In west ern Europe. Had he stopped there and consolidated his posi tion Germany might well have proven impregnable. We dare not abandon armies and ; navies and conventional planes just on rumors of magic roc&ets, but we do need to keep on our toes so that the next Pearl Harbor may not be New York City or Washington, D. C. Salem, Oregon. The combined switchboard sys tem at the Boulder dam power station contains more than 9,000 meters, relays and switches. Czechs Cede Ukraine Sector to U.S.S.R. LONDON, June 29.-(P -Czechoslovakia has ceded the Carpatho- Ukraine, a mountainous 4,871 square mile sector, of extreme eastern Czechoslovakia, to Russia, the Moscow radio said tonight A treaty signed by Czechoslo vak prime minister Zdenek Fier- linger and by foreign commissar V. M. Molotov provided, that the area "is by mutual agreement and the desire of its peoples returned to the Ukraine Soviet socialist republic." NBC Radio Show Here Built Around Salem Boy's Friends with pa. Alfred K. Phelps as nrinrinal narticiDant. the "Truth or Consequences" program of the National Broadcasting company will originate today in and around Perry's drug store, where the family and friends of Phelps will talk to him; in Honolulu, where the Salem soldier is hos pitalized with shrapnel wounds in one leg, and in Hollywood, where Master of Ceremonies Ralph Edwards will direct the program over its nation-wide hookup. The program for eastern radio listeners is scheduled for 5:30-6 pjn.; that for the west from 8 8:30 p.m. Although Phelps, a statesman printer who left the backshop for army service two years ago, knows that he is to have the pnv- Eagles Urge FDR Birthday For Holiday Designation by congress of the late President Roosevelt's birth day, January 31, as a national holiday, was urged in a resolu tion unanimously adopted by Wil lamette Aerie, 2081, Fraternal Order of Eagles. The resolution declared that the four-term president embodied "during the most critical period in modern history the hopes, the aspirations and the ideals of his fellow countrymen and the op pressed peoples- of the entire world." The measure further stated that Roosevelt "is assured an immortal place in world his tory, and will earn the gratitude of American generations yet to come, and the esteem and affec tion of free-peoples in all lands, bringing everlasting glory to this great nation." A bill requesting that Roose velt's birthday be observed as a national holiday, introduced by Senator Sheridan Downey of California, is now pending in the senate. The late president was 'a life member of Buffalo (N.Y.) Aerie, and was closely associated with the Fraternal Order of Eagles in its campaign for state old age pension laws and the national so cial security act.- UAL Given Safety Award A three-year record of operat ing 'more than one billion pas senger miles without a fatal ac cident has won for United Air lines the National Safety coun cil's highest wartime citation the distinguished service to safe ty award. In addition, United Air Lines has been voted' the 1944 aviation safety award for airlines flying more than 100,000,000 passenger miles annually. The double citation was made by the National Safety council "in recognition of the outstand ing wartime safety record of United Air Lines." Only a few organizations in the United States, such as the army air forces and the army service forces, General Motors and the Studebaker cor poration have received the dis tinguished service to safety award. Oregon Highway Standards Equal BestjSys Baldock Standards for highway con struction in Oregon compare fav orably with, those approved for regional or national highways by a committee of the American As sociation of State Highway Offi cials in Washington, - DC, last week, R. H. Baldock, state high way engineer, reported Friday. Where peak-hour traffic is 200 ars or less the minimum width of ! the highway would be 22 feet. Grades would be under five per cent Divided highways would be provided for peak hour traffic of 800 cars. Two lane highways would have a right-of-way of 120 feefe while four lane highways would need 220 feet. House Conversions Approved by WPB for Med ford-Ashland Area PORTLAND, June 29.-(;p)-In-vestigations by war production board and housing officials have resulted in the approval of priori ties for an unlimited number of residential conversions in the Ash- land-Medford district. The order also will apply to Central Point and nearby com munities. On Salem's Playgrounds By Donna Canr By Lichty paid more attention to the wartime and peacetime from China have been replaced on any substantial neea oi soenusis ana engineers in au neias or industry and medicine it would have been necessary to have deferred npt more than 1 per cent of the men now in the armed forces. ' We have pointed out in these . columns that British and Bussian universities are packed with students of science. No one can maintain that either Great Britain or Russia has tailed to draft the last necessary nam to fight this war. In 1940 bout 110,000 students of engineering were en rolled In this country; today the number is only 33,000. Physics and chemistry, re now studied chiefly by an inadequate number of women, with a small percentage of men classified as 4-F. The joint report urges educator to assert themselves. Concerted action may therefore be expected. A reply of some kind must be made a reply which will have to explaia why the policy of selective service is better than that of our allies. Newt York Times. giff. llHJfi JeL' jgge scale in expectation of the coining siege of the home islands. If that is true actual invasion, once the first crust of defense is broken through, might see a progressive morale softening up in Japanese ranks. However that may be, it seems certain that isolated Japanese forces in. bypassed Pacific or Dutch islands, in Malaya, Indo China and even in southern and central China are under an extreme nerve strain as well as military attack. They definitely know they have been abandoned. They see little or. no air support to aid them. They , must ' overhear Tokyo radio ravings " calling for a suicide defense of the home islands conTuTning American broadcasts or plane-dropped leaflet re ports on the actual progress of the struggle. The combination of demonstrated power and realization of impending defeat necessary to make propaganda warfare effective is being set up "What with neat, tatter and cigarette shortages, TA think . by widely for the foe. ; . new yen wenldnt get excited about a pifRlnf money shortager From 50 to 73 children from the ages of 3 to 12 years old are in regular attendance at Engel- wood, one of the larger Salem playgrounds. Children in the age group 2-7 are given special di rection in the morning hours from 9-11:30, and the older, group is given instruction in the after noon from 1:30 to 4, but all ages are welcome any time during the day. The supervisor, Mrs. Gordon Black, and her assistant, Mis Nancy- Snyder, are - always on hand to provide something to do. Interesting attractions at this playground are their carpenter bench, color table, and the large variety of books to be found at the reading nook. Also a frequent visitor at Engelwood enjoyed by the children is their feathered friend, : Oscar, the pigeon-toed duck. A more difficult project, that of ' making and presenting a puppet show, has been undertak en by Shirley Taggart, s Betty Looney, Marion Evans, and Mar cia Webb. Each child has a re sponsibility in keeping the large room in order and in seeing that the work materials are put away. Engelwood boasts two softball teams that receive instruction each week by Bob Metzger. Sev eral times during the year chil dren and parents alike - enjoy themselves at outdoor picnics. .Due to the increased number wishing to swim on Sundays, both ' pools will open an hour earlier July 1, staying open from 1 unties pm- - Both Leslie and O linger picnic grounds have been frequented regularly of late, with a group of 175 from the Lutheran church visiting Leslie, and the Women's Press club, 35 in number, at OI inger last Sunday. Tuesday din ger picnic grounds played host to the Royal Neighbors, with 2(f in attendance. Numerous otner lam Uy groups have made use of the picnic grounds. Three Germans Hang For Killing Flier RHEINBACH, Germany, June 29.-(i!p)-A triple hanging of Ger man civilians at dawn today avenged an unidentified Ameri can army flier who parachuted into Germany from a flaming plane last Aug. 15, and was shot, clubbed and hammered tot death The three Germans, Peter Back, Peter Kohn and Matthias Gierens, were hanged by U. S. army exe cutioners carrying out the verdict of the -first civilian war crime case tried on German soil since the nazia surrendered. ilege of talking via radio to home town folk, he is due for a surprise when the first of the broadcasts is . staged. His brother Robert, merchant mariner, has arrived home in time to join the enthusi astic group in Salem. Al. as many friends here know him, will have a chance to talk also to his former employer, Statesman Publisher Charles A.. Sprague; to his . barber,- Pat Thatcher of the Marion' hotel shop, who has a son in the ma rines in Pacific service; to the girl friend he selected as the one whose voice he would like to hear, merry, blonde Jean Rowland ; to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Char les (Dad) Phelps; to his sister-in- law, wife of Merchant Mariner Bob; to the Rev. F. C. Stannard, and others still to be announced by the NBC program arranger now in Salem. Many, school chums of Al's are in uniform, and, through The Statesman, NBC is seeking to learn of young men in Salem to day who can qualify for such a role on the broadcast. A school cheer leader, a barber-shop quar tet, and similar hometown touch es are to be heard. Perry's was selected as scene for the broad cast because the store was listed by Phelps as the one where he was a regular customer. Supreme Court Begins Vacation After Decisions The state supreme court Friday handed down two decisions and then recessed for its summer va cation until September 4. At least one judge will be in Salem during the vacation interim to handle any emergencies that may arise. Friday's opinions: Thomas I. and Cora Lanham, appellants, vs. Rich L. Reimann. Appeal from Marion county. Suit by real estate broker to recovet commission. Opinion by Justice J. O. Bailey. Judge E. M. "Page affirmed. In the1 matter of the estate of Josephine M. Lobb, deceased, and others, appellants, vs. S. F. Wil son, executor, and Leona Peasley. Appeal from Multnomah county. Suit contesting will. Opinion by Justice Arthur D. Hay. Judge Ashby Dickson reversed and will broken. F. Meyer Suspension Is Reverse J by OPA PORTLAND, June 29. JP) A national OPA hearing commission er has reversed a regional order suspending a Portland grocery chain charged with" accepting in valid ration stamps last Dec. 26. The district OPA said the or der, suspending sale of rationed foods for 180 days by Fred Meyer Inc., has been cancelled by the Washington, D. C, office. Eleven other Portland firms were cited in the same case arising from the Christmas day OPA order. Portland Fights For Ship Repairs PORTLAND, June 29-(;p)-More repair work for Portland's harbor is the object of "the hardest fight ever made by a chamber of com merce' here. The port commission has asked Oregon's senators to cooperate in the drive for heavier repairs and another 14,000-ton drydock. Bond Premieres Get $162525; 1 875 Pennies Buy Baby Picture The two movie premieres Thursday night and Friday after noon at the Elsinore and Capitol theaters raised $182,525 for the Seventh" War Loan drive, 'Mana ger Carl Porter reported to bond headquarters yesterday. This brings the , theaters' total for the campaign close to the half -million dollar mark, all in E bonds. Mrs. E. V. Powell of Ridgefield, Wash, and her performing dogs that obeyed commands given in the sign language, helped enter tain a big crowd of youngsters who saw the Tarzan picture yes terday... More than 50 "Baby" bonds have been sold through efforts of the Bishop studio, which is giving a baby picture free with each pur chase of an E bond. The stunt already has spread to Bishop stu dios in other Oregon and Wash ington cities, reports W. E. Klos terman, local manager. Yesterday the manager and his staff were kept busy : for some time counting 175 pennies in five paper bags brought in by OrviUe O. Ott, returned veteran and father of a four-months-old boy, Randall Delmar Ott, whose pic ture waa . promptly taken even before the bond was delivered. Mr. Ott, who Uvea at 457 North High street, is a food inspector for, the state agriculture depart ment. Working, "to reach a $3382 bond quota, the Chemawa Indian, school haa. reported purchases of $5088, or 14 per cent of the en tire pay roll. , State employes yesterday went past the half-million mark; far past their allotment, and more will be added when final compu tations are made early onext week, according to Ouurman Roy Mills. New corporation allocations in cluded General Petroleum $20, 000, Calpac Corp. $7000, Blake Moffitt & Towne $1000, and Stan dard Oil $105,000, divided among five towns of Marion county. 1 .139 Court Street .