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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (April 11, 1945)
Th O2EG02I STATESMAN. Salem, Qragoa. WdascUz7 Momiivj. Apr3 11, 1949 page roua f 1 pwmmm MM ; -No Favor Sway$ Vt; No Fear Shall Awe . From First Statesman, March 28, 1831 THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING COMPACT CHARLES A SPRAGUZ, Editor and Publisher Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press la exclusively entitled to the use for publication of all news dispatches credited to It or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. Model for'Qausowitz The master plan of the allies for the defeat of Germany is made clear, by the moves of the armies. There & no "race for Berlin" as some correspondents would have it, save that troops aredriving for that as one of many objectives. The first chore when the Rhine was crossed was to sew the German army of the Ruhr, the larg est organized ! force on the western front, in a sack. That was done neatly by the American Ninth and First armies. The British and Canadian troops under Mont gomery .sealed off the Ruhr from the north, then ! they wheeled north to seal off German troops in Holland, which they have now done; and northeast to cut off the cities and ports of Han nover, Bremen and Hamburg. The purpose was to cut interior Germany off from the ports and thus from contact with Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The American First and Third armies drove 2 -eastward to slice the reich in two, to reach Ber lin, and to effect a junction with the Russian armies. The American Seventh and French First armies are driving southeast toward Nuernberg and Munich to close the escape routes into the Bavarian Alps. " This all follows the master plan laid out by General Eisenhower and his staff, though tac tical situations may require local or temporary changes in the field. The consequence is that Germany is being steadily sliced like a timber going through a Swedish gang-saw. Once .the reich is severed and firm contact made with the Russian armies all that remains will b the piecemeal mop-up which should not take a great while. The prime objective Is destruction of Ger many's power to carry on war. This is being done by defeating its armies in the field, by cap turing them in great gobs, by severing their lines of communication and supply, by isolating the civil and military authority from any ef fective control of armies and of people. Gen eral Clausowitz himself, the great German mas ter of military science would find the allied strategy a model for his own books. The plan ' and its execution are nearly flawless. Dusting the Furniture They are busy dusting the front parlor in San -Francisco to be ready to greet the company when it arrives for the party April 25 it's a wedding, isn't it? As inmost households there has been some argument over what new fur nishings must be provided and which of the old discarded. For instances the army and the state department have been having a set-to in a con troversy between appearance and' security. The state department ordered the blackout drapes and window screens removed from the build ings whtjre the conference of nations will be housed. But the western defense command or dred the blackout materials put back. It want ed no Pearl Harbor on its hands when delegates from some 26 or more nations gather in the city by the Golden Gate. Then when the state department vetoed an army idea of pulling a master switch to plunge the buildings in gloom in case "unidentified air craft" were detected approaching, it was de cided to cover all openings, though whether with sandbag redoubts or black drapes or wood en porticoes is not announced. At any rate it is costing $50,000. One wonders if this is a-sample of the sweet reasonableness which will prevail when the foreign secretaries and ambassadors and pleni potentiaries sit down to discuss questions as to international good form and security. Coalition Cabinet t: In his address before the party rally of con servatives recently Winston Churchill intimated that ha might be called on to form a govern ment before the end of the war. It is probable that many labor members will drop out of the coalition cabinet as soon as European victory is achieved. Churchill stated that he would en deavor again to constitute a national govern ment, with.supporters'from different parties to help guide the country through the remaining period of the Japanese war and the period of transition to peace which will follow. j The parliament has extended itself long past the usual constitutional period for holding elec tions, which it has power to do in wartime. But new elections will be held as soon as the-War ends, though a cabinet reorganization may pre cede the elections. 1 - On the whole it must be said that the coali tion ministry under Churchill has succeeded quite well in administering the affairs of gov ernment during the war crisis. This is due to the imminence of danger at the time it was formed, but due also to the high sense of ! re sponsibility which men in public life in Britain feel, regardless of party.That offers ground for the belief that Britain will be able to solve the very tough problems of peace which lie ahead. Surplus Real Estate The RFC lost the fight over control of govern- ment-owned surplus real estate, like former army camps. The surplus property control board has divided the control giving the de partment of agriculture sale of farming and for est lands and the department of the interior the handling of grazing and ' mining lands. Thus is settled one of the controversies that raged in 1944, particularly against the Jesse Jones-Will Clayton combination. The new deal end of ; the administration was distrustful of this Jones Clayton setup. Secretary Ickes claimed author ity for the grazing lands, asserting that some of these lands could properly be added to the pub lic domain for lease to stockmen rather than of fered for sale. It was also claimed that the de partment of agriculture, with its extensive ex perience in handling loans and sales of farm lands was best qualified to take over lands of this class. y 1 The decision seems sensible. Now that it has been made perhaps we will see a beginning of actual sales of the lands of Camp . Adair which have been classed as surplus. None has been made yet Former owners are given the first chance to buy their places back. The commun ities will be pleased to see these lands quickly taken up by dirt farmers. World Court . Jurists of the nations are meeting in Wash ington to lay plans for the new court of inter national justice. The text of Dumbarton Oaks left rather vague the place the court is to oc cupy in the scheme of things, or perhaps it is : more accurate to say that it left that place " rather circumscribed. More powers should be given the court for the judicial settlement of disputes, and less reliance placed on force to put down aggressors. In this country decrees of courts are respect ed and verjtfrarely is police power called on to enforce court orders. Nations should work more for justice through, courts rather than for peace by force. Editorial Comment NATIONALISM An interesting point is raised by a correspondent in Rome reporting on Italian opinion that it is un likely that local or Moscow-directed Communist parties will control most of continental Europe. It hangs on the city of Trieste. "Trieste for Italy is as potent a slogan in the politics of the peninsula as it ever was before World war I when the Irre denta was the Italian sore spot. This is as true for Italian Communists as for the other parties. They . could not hold their present position of influence In the government unless they stoutly stood for Trieste for Italy. On the other hand the Yugoslavs are as set on Trieste for Yugoslavia. ?Tito and his Communist supporters could not afford to abandon this, claim. The port of Trieste is also important to Hungary and if Hungary is to be Soviet - dominated that makes it important to Russia.- Some Italian Com munists are. quoted as saying .Trieste is the chief thing Moscow hopes to get by its support of Tito. . - Yet on a point like this Italian and Yugoslav are in determined opposition. An Italian Communist delegation is said to have gone to Belgrade to try to persuade Tito to give up his claim to Trieste and have been flatly ref used. '- -;. -.' J ;Z ( : Though Karl Marx has gone a long way in the world , his determined internationalism has been less successful than his other ideas. Nationalism, which has been such a power in Europe for the last fiur centuries, has not lost its force. In the in stance cited Italian and Yugoslav Communists re main Italian and Yugoslav Nationalists. There are some other differences between Italian and Yugo slav Communists, the first are industrial proletar ians, the second peasant agrarians. Yet the prime teacher of both is Karl Marx. His international doctrine has not broken down-the adherence of either to their nationalistic Interests.--San Fran cisco Chronicle. -. " - , The Japs did no thumbing of their noses at Russia over the later's denunciation of the neu trality treaty. Instead they only purred more loudly, saying that Russia would surely wait; the year out before doing any shooting, and indi cating an eagerness to cooperate with the soviet union. Japan has no desire to play the part of the canary with Russia the cat, in the famous one-act skit. i Mosquitoes are said to have love songs too faint for human ears. The buzz that humans . hear must be the hate song at least we hate to hear it around. A ROLLING Siai GffHffiS rZT j ; " - f 3 B W M ! Tfc Whb St f 1 ; I J I But Keep Your Old Kit Bag Handy! j" ' - ' ( Tho Literary News Behind Ithe News GUIClCpOSt By PAUL MALLON 1 I By W. O. Sogers (Distribution by King Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction in whole f or in part strictly prohibited.) t interpreting The War! News By KIRKE I SIMPSON ASSOCIATED PRESS WAR ANALYST There are broad hints in front , line news from Germany that within days Allied-Russian leader ship may proclaim the end of organized warfare in Germany., . ' ' ' . h - ' 1 Reflecting that, APs Wes Gallagher, writing from Hamelin, close up behind the center of the Allied advance toward the Elbe, suggested that the first junction of Allied and Russian forces might .well be deemed the moment for such action. He pointed out also that it would leave German troops the choice between surrender as war prisoners or be ing hunted down and dealt with as guerrillas with "no legal military status. j Offered that choice, Gallagher added, the flow morale of German prisoners taken in the last! two weeks left small doubt of what most of their com rades would do. f: j Those still willing to die for the fuehrer are few and far between," he said" , . That was followed by a broadcast from Allied headquarters telling Germany that resistance in the west has collapsed. With what is left of Ger man divisional organizations apparently trapped or virtually so there has been no word from any sec tor of resistance by other than odd-lot forces, fa natical as it has been in some cases. The speed with which American and British forces crossed good de fense lines to encircle and leave behind Hannover is further evidence of the total collapse of formal organized warfare in the west. j There has been no such collapse to date among German armies facing the Russians along the Oder Neisse line in theeast It may come, but so far the Nazi high command has accepted defeat after defeat In the west without shifting troops from the east to meet the crisis, t j Whether that can be traced to Nazi preference to see most of Germany overrun by Allied troops rather than Russian remains to be seen, but events point that way now. The test win come when the main Russian drive for a ; break-through on I the t OderNeisse Use for a junction with Allied forces at the Elbe is launched. Berlin has insisted for weeks it was impending if not , in progress but without confirmation from Moscow. ... : , : . i ; At the moment the most probable scene of such a junction looks to be somewhere east of Leipzig. A broad American drive is pushing into the wide flat land corridor leading directly to Leipzig and the Elbe that lies-south of the Harz mountains. J, The Russian on the southern segment of the Oder-Neisse line where it runs closest to advancing , Allied armies in the center, have tougher terrain to cross to reach the Elbe but not so far to go. If that is the place chosen for first joining forces and rip ping Germany wide apart at the waistline as it looks to be, it can be only a matter of days if not hours until the final two-way squeeze is applied and the stage set for a joint proclamation designed - to shatter utterly German army morale. "TBI VHKNOWH MUKDERESy ty Tfc4M Bteik (PTCBttc-HjOI; 1J. If there is no perfect crime, there is! no perfect judge or jury, either, we learn from this book which discusses us at people who might feel driven to say, with Goethe: There is no crime of which I do not deem myself ca pable." j Reik,: disciple of Freud and a practicing psychoanalyst, reports that the innocent have a stupid way of acting guilty, and the guilty a happy way of appearing" innocent. Psychological examina tion win not, in his opinion; de cide who committed a crime." It can merely reveal what persons "willed it emotionally and jwel comed jit when it was done;'' in Freud's! words. I The book considers interesting ly not only crime in fiction, as in the; "Brothers Karamazov" and "Canary Murder Case,! but also misdeeds culled from judi cial records. And there is aft ef fort, which some readers 'may find in 'spots a little strained, to associate primitive methods of tracking down a murderer with modern ones. I i But that both ancient and mod ern society tried honestly to pun ish guilt Reik shows beyond argument Some of the miscar riages of justice which he -cites are fascinating. The basi for error lay generally in the fact that judges are or have been in clined to believe that the person capable of benefiting by a mur der, or in circumstances Where he obviously might wish it, is guilty, j j Among his cases are the stran yling of a Viennese, with Kath erina Steinef first convicted, In part because of her-prejudicial behavior, but later found inno cent; the ax slaying of a second Austrian, with Gregor Adams bergerlat first found guiltj, in part because he seemed to try to implicate a boy, but later f bund innocent when the boy confessed; the poison deaths of a husband and brother-in-law, with) the wife accused and convicted on apparently good grounds, only to be declared innocent later. f Reik Icomments also on Drey fus. The accused officer's !per sonality was unattractive as even Anatole France admitted. But af ter military degradation, when his "unconscious guilt about his revolutionary feelings against his fellow officers and the army" war worn off, he was able to act. .with the air of inocence which had been lacking during the fam ous trial. ' ' ! .1 1 " PMI MjUtOB WASHINGTON, April 10 The government-directed Russian press has added attacks upon Senator V a n -d e n b e r g and Ex-presi- dent Hoover to their literary assaults upon the Vatican and Pundit Lipp xnan. The batter ing of Hoover started in tfie Daily Worker and was -picked bp by Pravda in Moscow a few days later without much alteration of the language. Vandenberg got his simultaneously on Moscow's own original initiative. All these men did was to ad vocate methods of implementing the administrative position in fa vor of recognition of the rights of small nations, pledging the new world order to "justice," and Hoover, in addition, pleaded for regional divisions of world au thority which is exactly what the British may desire for Eur ope to slop creeping Russian power. The concentration of Russian press artillery upon certain America or democratic author ities has left everyone here a bit bewildered. What do the Russians want? These objectives of Red rhe torical shelling all favor Yalta and its purposes, or at any rate the initial Roosevelt position of . the Atlantic charter, four free doms, fourteen points, etc. What is Stalin up to? The common inner explana tion here is that Moscow pri marily wants to scratch Roose velt's back at any and all op portunities. The men chosen are republicans, and while demo crats could - have , been chosen who occupy the same position, the Moscow government might have roused the While House by -setting upon them. . That is not enough of an ans-. wer. Stalin also promised at Yalta to let some of the London or other Poles not under his control Into the new Polish gov ernment, but ignored his promise as soon as he got home and is elevating his men exclusively in , Poland as in Bulgaria and Rou- : mania where the - same circum- . stances prevail. He subscribed to the '. Roose velt peace alms then sent an ambassador to the San Fran- "THE YOUNG IDEA" By Mossier Cisco conference, and in other ways betrayed a lack of interest in carrying them out What is this3 game air about? Is. Stalin trying to break up the Roosevelt plan while professing to be for it? I An inside check of those best able to know or guess (the top authorities) furnishes a satis factory answer. At Livadia Stal in Is supposed to have repeat ed jptgain and again that it does not matter what kind of a world order is set up, the big nations are' going to run it anyway. Re peatedly he displayed (accord ing! to my information) a lack of ; interest in side-schemes to protect the rights of smaller na tions, as if these were fictitious; All his subsequent acts tie in with that unannounced Toasie sentiment, his treatment of the Balkans, of central Europe and of ijjthe San Francisco confer ence which is the first assem blage of the small nations. 1 Then, he is genuinely not op posed to a world order or the Yalta results. He is not try ling! to sabotage the peace ef fort His concept of the world order, however, is that it should serye the interests of the larger nations. He is therefore not in terested in the four freedoms, the; Atlantic Charter and, the original Roosevelt principles es tablished for this war. j This, I think, is the fundamen- , tal cleavage between Russian and American diplomacy. We have, for instance, carefully built up i the' theory of individuality , of nations in our Latin American policy, while playing the role of iig brother there. We have been the good neighbor al though the biggest neighbor. Stalin does not work that way, does not "believe that way, will not 1 follow that way, regardless of San Francisco, Roosevelt or anyone or anything. His ad- :voccy of a veto right for the Big' Five nations against the small (or other big nations) was in line with this. j His demand of 18 votes (taking 3) in the assembly where the smaller nations will have only one vote each, as do the large nations (excepting Britain with six through her empire subor dinates) is along the same line. I think this is the answer to the jmystery troubling us. Rus sia seems to be going into the empire-building business like Britain. Her peace plan is to keep the upper hand, militarily, if not by militarism and run the world order tfiat way. We are the only champions left of the small nations. - ; j - , I think this is not only the cause of our trouble now, but it will cause increasing trouble from now on. "Letfs see, nowyore Herby sr Soger, wr are ye Bill? Ne? I Then yoa must be leither Sydney or Batch ex." Home Nursing Students Win Certificates t l f : ..... jv-. .;:-:"..- :-: : :A''r:;- I ' Ninety-two home nursing stu dent received their certificates last week when home nursing classes at Brooks, Salem, Pringle, Chemawa and Union Hill com pleted their "24-hour course. J ( - ? The class at Brooks was taught by Alice Little, Pringle by Jessie BeldOn, Chemawa b y. Agnes Kirsch, Union Hill by Sylvia Hendricks- of Stayton. , : ; ; t Twelve classes are still in ses sion in various sections, of Marion county , which " will be completed 'within the next few weeks. . There will be no new classes in home! nursing organized during the summer according to Mrs. W. O. Widdows, home nursing chairman. "The! response for our home nursing-Classes has been most grati- . fying and we feel confident we will meet our quota in home nurs ing this year," she said this week. I Nazi Prisoners Cost v- V " - - Light on Confusioa f ' ' V " : Frlstfng la CarmonT ' w " TT J-- O J j- - lmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmJ . At-., " - f. ,., .r ....... ,.- -4 .vv. V. By Levis Lechner : (Substituting for Kenneth. I Dixon) i WITH THE V. S. SEVENTH ARMY -)- Rumors circulating pmnng prisoners of war cast an interesting light on the confusion and consternation that must: exist In sections of Germany still un der nazi rule. f The seventh army's prisoners are fresh from battle and have been in touch with German civil ians very recently, either bjj cor respondence or by actual j con tact in towns and cities where they were billeted, j j No sooner do I begin to talk to prisoners anywhere thahji they say "we heard Hitler shot ihim self. Is it true? or, "we j hear Goering was killed during a bombing i raid. How about! it?? They almost seem disappointed that I cannot give confirmation. - Another stock question is f does Goebbels still put out faked Wer macht reports?" On one occasion I countered with, "oh, yes, he still reports about disengaging from the enemy." Where upon, everybody roared boisterously. Of their own accord, various men derisively would throw at me other stock phrases in wehr macht - communities, such as "made a strategic retreat" or "withdrew to more advantageous positions." ' I " German prisoners almost ; can not believe that American free-' dom of the press . is such that we publish even enemy communi ques in full. . .: if , With great concern, prisoners always ask whether it is true that they are to be shipped to Siberia as slave laborers. Since a reply would bf tantamount to ' r Imparting military information, I leave the question unanswered. The same thing applies to ques tions as to which ally win occupy what part of Germany. - Another stock question is how long before they can, return to their homes. They consider the war about over, peace in the , immediate offing and early jdis ' missal expectable. j "There is so much to rebuild," is a frequent reason for wanting to return as soon as possible. The present prisoners of war differ in the main from those taken in Africa and Italy and even from some taken after D day in France, when the attitude still was cockily pro-Hitler. I meet a blind spot, however, when the 'question of collective guilt for this war is raised. Hav ing heard nothing expect what Goebbels propaganda! permitted, they often seem genuinely sur prised at such fundamentals as that Hitler declared war on the United States or that Hitler pro voked an incident at the Polish frontier whereupon he built a case of 'alleged invasion of Ger many by the Poles. It is hard for them at first to realize that the world regards them as ag gressors. They have been told for years that Germany was at tacked by a ring of enemies. utr (Continued from page 1) that I am going to use extracts from his letter. Writing of the scenery Lauraine, says: "The setting in this particular vicinity is picturesque, but not exotic nor alluring as I have en countered in the tropics. There is a similarity or resemblance that suggests tropical beauty but the enchantment is lacking. Here one does not find dense jungle reeking of strange noises, f or boding and mysterious. ! The palm and hibiscus greet one yes, but they appear in level, open spaces and therefore become sin gularly decorative, rather than an interwoven part of an lntri ' cate-pattern." ! J j " I found his report of the Fili pino people quite informing! He says of them: f "Like all Asiatics, the Fili pino is smaller In stature than we, but more handsome in fea tures. Unlike the native of New Guinea with his fungus-encrusted skin, the Filipino possesses an unusually smooth, even com plexion, keen dark eyes which are the key to his expression, and beautiful, black hair meticu lously kept Their figures are youthful-looking, nicely pro portioned, firm of muscle jj and exceedingly agile. In theu ac tions and speech the men con duct themselves with an air of confidence and self - assurance, display no inhibitions but are polite and courteous, particu larly to the women, who are the most graceful I've ever - seen. The women are very particular -about their appearance, keeping themselves as well dressed as possible." 5 Since the Japanese requisi tioned most of the clothing ma terials the natives have had to be ingenious to clothe them selves. The women, for instance, try to retrieve parachutes ' that come down and use the silk for dresses for themselves or clothes for other members of their fam ilies. They are skilled at needle work. - I' The Filipino people are good linguists, many speaking Eng lish and Japanese in addition to their provincial dialect They are fa miliar with American music, particularly the popular songs. - The Filipinos did not fare well under Japanese occupation. Jap anese occupied their houses, commandeered their stocks of food and clothing. Only civilians who worked were - given- jfood rations. The Japs fed them huge lies by way of propaganda, said Lauraine, to make them think the Japs were winning the War. H added this: "On one point all were wholly in accord the j Jap is very cruel and the Japanese are the dirtiest people on earth." 'He concludes with this para graph: - i "This letter is not finished for it is only begun, but I must stop here and tell you that today I gazed upon a scene so real, so touching, so pictorial, that ; it could be called eloquent What I saw was a beautiful old mis sion that looks like a fine adobe structure designed after the his toric California : buildings of Father Serra's adventures. This once proud church Is not a liv ing example of ' strength and faith. It is battered; and torn and riddled and surrounded by peasants whose families lay buried within the churchyard. This building houses the wounded, the sick and the con valescent Its towers reach high above the square as though they were arms stretched in suppli cation to save its occupants and give thanks st the same time for its deliverance from oppression. That is a picture I want to re member." Varied indeed will be the pic tures hanging on the walls of memory of the men and women in the service scenes of carnage and windrows of the dead, quiet seas in tiny lagoons, refugees trudging along roads j in bewil derment, battles of the skies, ancient castles, elegant chateaus, towns full of rubble and desola tion. The war does take things out of the lives of young men and women; but It puts things back in, too. 'Wilbur' Sold on i Kiwanis Stunt Day Program! i "Stunt day" at the Kiwanis club Tuesday provided a fried chicken for Walter Lampkin, goose eggs for Dr. W. J. Thompson! and L. V. Benson, and cost Carl Hogg $9.10. The latter figure was Hogg's bid for WUbur the first, a bantam rooster whose care for many weeks was imposed on Kiwanis 'members who missed meetings. l .The fried chicken, rwhich was portrayed as Wilbur's remains at the time it was up for bid, and the goose eggs (supposedly J Wilbur's) were awarded to those offering ths best price. And before Wilbur ac tually was revealed to still be alive, his obituary was read by Chris Seeley and six "pall-bearers had paraded around the room with his ostensible remains. A lusty crow from a nearby box then dispelled any doubt of Wilbur's well-being. . Auctioneer was Sid Stevens, to whom the meeting . was turned over by Clarence Shrock,, stunt committee chairman, j ' Piano music" for the occasion was provided . by Carl j HilL re cently of Boise, Idaho. Russell Frost industrial HHim. er, was Introduced as a new Kl- wanian. The island of Java has a volcan ic mountain backbone which reaches as high as 10,000 feet STEVEUS Ilascnic Dings Some Set with Diamond ' ' Masculine. Design WE CAN SET A DIAMOND IN HIS OWN RING. BUNG ft IN FOE AN ESTIMATE, wvCtassT.j'C S29 Court St 4 i.t