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vNearly 100 year ago, gept 13,
1847. to be exact the American
army under Gen. W infield Scott
iOld Fuss and Feathers) stormed
the heights Of Chapultepec on the
approach to the capital of old
Mexico.' For the past tea days or
so the old castle which still stands
on the eminence has served as
meeting place for representatives
of 20 American nations who are
'attempting in a spirit of mutuality
to solve problems for the good of
all Americas. Quite a contrast,
indeed, between the two scenes.
Old Chapultepec was heavily
fortified to stand as a bastion
guarding the City of Mexico. The
eminence was 150 ft. high'; and
the walls of the castle, 100 ft high,
were of heavy stone masonry. The
crest was protected by a double
wall. The place was quite hea
vily fortified and some of the gun
ners were Frenchmen experienced
in handling artillery.
General Scott opened his at
tack on September 12 with his ar
tillery, seeking to breach the
walls. The next day his troops
stormed . the castle, .using scaling
ladders to get over the walls. The
engagement was fierce while it
lasted, but the Mexican defenders
were driven out and the way was
then open to the gates of the city.
For Mexicans there has always
been deep sentiment about Chap
ultepec. , The country's military
academy was there, whose cadets
fought ' . ' j
(Continued on Editorial Page)
Marines Reach
Cliffs
on
Side of Ivvo
U. S. PACIFIC FLEET HEAD
QUARTERS, Guam, Friday, Mar.
North
MiflPHFront line dispatches disfY,
.iuvm wua uuk uk iiuiu uia
rine division has reached the cliff
1pP overlooking the northeast
beaches of Iwo and the Fifth ma-
rine division has shot an envel-
oping arm 1000 yards up the
northwest shbre. !
The disclosures followed a navy
communique ' announcing only
-small gains Thursday on the third
day of an all-out push so bitter
ly contested that the marines .had
to call on tanks to operate in un
favorable terrain as support. -The
front line dispatches ampli
fied these gains, placing Maj. Gen.
Graves B. Erskine's Third division
at the edge of cliffs onjy 300 yards j nique again ignored the vital Ber
f rom the beach. The cliffs are I lin sector except for the announce-
honeyc'&mbed with, dugouts in
which . machine guns and possibly
beayier weapons bar the precipi
tous path down to the surf.
Church Heads
To Map Plans
For Census
Five hundred Aurch workers
frnm Yk Sa1m churches and ren-
. resenting an estimated 90 per cent
th- ,.h,..h mpmhmhln of Sa.
lem, wiU meet tonight at 7:30 at
k. f,w Prh.t.n.n rK..rrh n
mak nlans for taking the church
renois of Salem.
The project is .financed by the
Locknear Foundation of southern
Charles Durden, pastor of Cal-
vary BapUst churclu Members of
the directing committee of which
he Is chairman are the Rev. T. J.
Bernards, pastor of St Joseph's
' Catholic church; the Rev. Willard
B. Hall, pastor of Knight Memor-
lal Congregational church; Rev.
Weaver Hess, pastor of the church
of the Nazaren and C A. Kells,
ceneral secretary of the Salem
YMCA. where headquarters for
the census work will be main
'. tained. . .. ... ' , ...
272 Liberated Yanks -Reach
an Francisco
SAN FRANCISCO, March 8-(ff)
Tor an hour or more today, eyes
of 272 American enlisted men and
officers released after nearly three
(years as Japanese, prisoners of
... war, were alight with excitement
and pleasure at the welcome giv-
en them by the people of San
Francisco in behalf of their folks
and their country.
. But soon the brilliant , gleams
were eclipsed by the tiredness,
the emotional strain and the mem-
ories of their years in hell. -
Final Blow on Japan Will Be
One of Overwhelming Might
I By J. W. Davis
WASHINGTON, March
Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, fore
casting, the final essaift on Japan
as one of overwhelming might;
said today "It may well be" .that
some of the now-secret take off
spots will be in China.
1 The US commander of the Pa
cific ocean .areas popped .up in
Washington at a time when other
important figures of the war
against Japan were circulating in
the capital... . .,,.
" But at a news conference he
NDIETY-rOURTH YEAR
Reds Roll
Close to
1
Danzig
Soviets Outflank
Oder Fortresses
Germans Report
By Romney Wheeler
LONDON, Friday, March 9-JP)
The Germans said last night that
Russian tanks had plunged with
in 25 miles of greater Berlin on
the second day of an all out front
al , assault, while Moscow an
nounced that other soviet forces
invading -Danzig territory for the
first time had rolled within 12
miles of the former free city of
Surging 10 miles west of the
Oder river, "the Rhine of the
east," and last natural defense
nazi capitilf
. . .
Rs w reported by
Berlin to have reached the Junc-
tion town of Seelow, outflanking
the Oder fortresses of Kuestrin
and Frankfurt. . -1 5 ,
This development came,; as the
Americans 'in the west tossed the
larger obstacle of the hRine south
of captured Cologne.
Russia's high command commu
ment that red army troops to the
north had overwhelmed German
positions only seven miles from
the Pomeranian caDital of Stet
tin, maw part for Berlin.
Moscow dispatches said the
i heavy fighting along the Oder
might be the prelude to a i inal
offensive against the reich capital,
but suggested that main blows
might be forthcoming later on
both flanks of the nazi heart city.
Striking eight miles inside
southwestern Danzig territory In
I-miie a a v an c e yesieruay,
Marshal K. K. Bokossovsky's Sec
oriel White Russian army penetrat
ed to 'within 12 of Danzi
city and to within 17 miles of
G?dniar another important nazi
naval base on the, BalUc, with the
teizure of Strangenwalde,
Yj llintl f5I1C
1TAClA 1UU A
TT - 0 gt
Xlciil Ol VFOai
T A Tf "risr
111 ZlLilVl JLI1VC
Quota
Rec'd to date
$80,500.00
32,619.63
Balance 47,880.37
A rapid checkup of and by di
vision workers to make sure that
no Marion county resident is
skipped in the solicitation of the
Red Cross war fund was asked
by Chairman r. u. Leserer on
Thursday night.
Many persons who have not yet
1 been seen have called war fund
and Red Cross chapter .offices
asking how soon solicitors will be
around, Leserer said. If workers
will inform their chairmen what
I portions ol their territories have
been covered and when they will
be able .to complete their jobs, an
answer - could be given the an-
xious Wbuld-be givers, he declar
ed.
(Details on page 2.)
discounted thoughts that there
might be a direct connection. He
shied away from the idea that a
stride toward Tokyo via theChi
nese mainland may be just around
the corner.
The navy Is strong enough to
go any point in the Pacific it wants
to go," he said.
. ; "Where?" he was asked.
With a grin, the pink cheeked,
blue-eyed fleet admiral replied
"The Japanese would like the an
swer to that very question. They'll
learn in due cUirse. . ,
: , , , , 1 ' ----- 4 1
18 PAGES
i.;-; : Y. -. : y:yY ,.,.YYi, -"V -v-v" !;..:,.. :-. . ' .,1
German Surrender Procession
'A
f, " is- ....... . 2 Ax(
-V;, v-L ; ? f !" '
German civilians, hands upraised,
render to troops of the V. 8.
Trier in Germany. This photo
photographer with the wartime
Senate Sends Remodeled I
Manpower Bill to House;
Employer
By iFrmncis
WASHINGTON, March 8. -
remodeled manpower control bill
direct penalties aimed' at balking
Jammed in the senate two full
by the senate military committee
a 63 to 16 roll call vote. Thirty-nine
aj progressive voted for the:: meas
ure, seven democrats and nine re
publicans against I
! The house is expected to Refuse
to take the senate substitute; send
ing the legislation to conference
with instructions to hold out for
the work-or-jail bill the represen
tatives approved February S I.
The outcome! there is dotibtful.
Senate majority leader Berkley
has said repeatedly that the con
ference committee will write the
final version of the bill.
Shortly- before the finals vote,
the senate reversed a decision tak
en Tuesday and wrote bac into
the bill a penalty of a year in
jail or $10,000 fine for employers
convicted pf violating employment
ceilings which the war manpower
commission chairman would be
authorizeTl" to establish for ; any
and every place of business In the
nation. - s
Canol Project
To Be Halted
WASHINGTON, March Y$.-P)
-Operation of most of the contro
versial multi-million dollarcanol
oil project in northwestern Can
ada will be halted June 30, the
war department announced to
night ' -L )- .';
The move was attributed to an
expected improvement in the tan
ker situation as well as the more
favorable military position in the
Alaskan area. . - I '
The '$134,000,000. projecf was
launched Yin April, 1942, i few
months after Pearl Harbor, when
Alaska was threatened by the Jap
anese and; the sea route from the
United States to Alaska ws en
dangered. . '4
House Bids for Share
In Writing of Peaces
i WASHINGTON, March tf-Wt
The house opened a serious bid
for a share in the writing of peace
terms f today, ignoring a senate
committee's determination to balk
the plan for the war's duration.
I The rules committee ordered
two days! of general debate on a
constitutional amendment which
would erase the senate's tradi
tional two-thirds vote control over
treaties and make future? peace
pacts subject to ratification of
majority . vote of both houses
congress. ?
Satan,' Orgoru
march through the street to sur
Third army after their capture of
was taken by Byron H. Rollins, AP
still picture pooL (AP wvephete)
PenaMeBack
J. Kelly
P) - The senate sent a completely
back to the house today, with all
employers rather than employes.
weeks, the substitute bill drawn
was blasted loose late today by
democrats, 23 republicans and
Fewer Than
100 Nisei Are
Back in State
PORTLAND, March 8.-(JP)-
Fewer than 100 Japanese-Ameri
cans of the original 4,200 evacua
ted by the war relocation author
ity have returned to Oregon, a
WRA official said today. -
Most of the Nisei are going to
"central and eastern states," Clyde
W. Linville, senior WRA officer,
reported.
Three fourths of the 100 settled
in Multnomah county, he said.
He reported that prior, to the
army's lifting of the exclusion
ban, about 30 percent of the 35,'
000 Nisei moved inland from the
west coast had relocated else
where.
The! Portland WRA office said
it was refusing aid to returning
Japanese who do not have "ap
proved plans." It explained this
meant visible means of support
and assured housing.; y
Posthumous Award
Of Silver Star
Given Salem Man
WASHINGTON March 8 -UP)
Posthumous ayrard of the army
Silver; Star to 2nd Lt Gerald H.
Swatzberg, Salem, Ore.,-was an
nounced today by the war de
partment. ?!-.'
Swatzberg was cited for hero
ism : in Sicily in August. 1943,
while leading his rifle platoon In
an attack - against an -enemy po
sition.
The Salem officer ordered his
men to take cover when enemy
mortar shells and machine gun
fire, pinned them ' down In ad
vance positions. Injured himself,
he realized several ; of the men
hadn't heard the order . because
of. the noise. i . y. ..'
; Although mortally .wounded, he
was concerned only "with the
safety! of his men,. the citation
said, land . crawled 1 among his
riflemen ordering them to cover
while refusing help for himself.
His widow, Mrs. Bertha Swatz
berg, resides at 1415 South Lib
erty st, Salem.
' Frequent Rain
today with slightly cooler tem
peratures in the mid-Willamette
valley, area, predicts U. S.
.weather bureau, McNary field,
Salem. t .
Friday Morning. March 9. 1945
JiJL
Weather
lliickens
At Capitol
! Vet, School and
Liquor Bills Get
; O. K. in Speedup
' By WendeD Webb
Manaclnf editor. The Statesman
The 43rd legislature was in Its
heaviest weather , of . the session
today and its progress on the Fri
day calendar could "make or
break," in so i far as avowed in
tentions of adjourning' early next
week are concerned. ',..'
Both the senate and house com
pleted their calendars Thursday,
the house after its longest meeting-day
of the session, with these
major results:: -Y , v
The senate passed HB 271 to
complete legislative action for the
creation of ' a : department Ofr vet
erans' affairs; defeated SBy 310
providing for full coverage under
unemployment com pensation,
passed JSB 77 increasing from $25
to $30 the-a mount payable per de
gree of injury under workmen's
compensation.;"
Schawl Bill Passed
The ' house 1 reconsidered and
passed HB $0 to create rural
school districts; passed HB 212 to
permit counties to have the man
ager form of government; passed
tB 144 and 145 increasing fees.
restrictions and penalties under
the Oregon liquor law; defeated
SB 272 permitting firms to carry
on optometry ; business with regis
tered optometrists.' - "- - .:
On the house .calendar today
axa such, measures as the cigaret
tax (HB 417); school support fund
(HB 416); tax levy for state build
ing fund (HB 415); confiscation
under liquor laws (SB 117); bar
ber bill (SB 185); asking -stabiliza
tion of gold (SJM S), and permit
ting Chinese : to own real estate
in Oregon (SJR 14). ,
Scrip Bill at Z:3
On the senate calendar are bills
to put all fortified wines in liquor
stores .. (SB 276); establishing
public health department (SB
89) ; lifting the limit on old-age
assistance (HB 52); and setting
up a scrip system (SB 112), for
the sale of drinks in clubs (the
latter -proposal will be a special
order -of business in the senate at
2:30 pf. m.)
Each house has 18 measures tip
for final action today the 6lst
of the session and the 11th With
out remuneration.
Most appropriation bills, includ
ing those for public welfare, were
understood to be nearly set for
final action.
(Legislative news pages 7,
and 10). j
Anti-Measles
Serum Ready
WASHINGTON, March 8.-(P)-
The American Red Cross announ
ced today that immune serum
globulin for the prevention and
modification of measles is being
distributed by it for civilian use.
By-product of human blood
processed for the armed forces,
the immune serum globulin,' Bas
il O'Connor, Red Cross chairman
said, "Is of great value in con
trolling ' outbreaks and . in pre
venting the dangerous complica
tions of the disease. y
The serum will be distributed
through state or local health de
partment for free use by doctors
and hospitals. .
Loyal Warner New President
Of Salem United War Chest
Loyal Warner, president of Sa
lem chamber of commerce, shouj
dered a new responsibility 'Thurs
day, when he was elected presi
dent of the Salem United War
Chest to succeed Lowell Kern.
Warner, a former chest campaign
manager and former president' of
the Salem Retail Trade bureau. Is
manager of the J. CT Penney com
pany, store In Salem.
Fred S. Anunsen, p re-campaign
chairman for last fall's chest drive.
was elected first vice presidents
and E. ' Burr ? Miller, who was
chairman of the drive, was named
second vice president Dorathea
Steusloff, chairman of the worn
en's division of the campaign for
the past several years, was elect
ed secretary.' Leo G. Page of the
: U, S. National bank, who suc
i ceeds Lynn C Smith on the board,
Tokyo Says Yanks
Preparing to Land
On Mindanao Isle
Y j . ,- Y -j :--
' By thAasocUted Prm
.Tekya radto said today that
warships have been bombard
ing Zamboanga. on the south
west tip 'of Mindanao Island la
the southern Philippines . since
early , Thursday morning ' and
the bombardment ;is believed
to be a prelude to a landing
attempt" ).; p. . - ,
The report was without any
allied confirmation. ' v
Mindanao Is - second only to
American-invaded Luton island
In sJae in the Philippines.
British, Indian
Troops Enter
IntoMandalay
LONDON, Friday, March-(
'An All-India radio report heard
In London early today said that
Indian troops of !; the British
forces la Bornik had captured,
the main railway station In
Mandalay. -,
Br Frank L. Martia .
CALCUTTA, M a r c h 8 - UP)
British and Indian troops ham
mered into the northern suburbs
of Mandalay- today after a 14
mile night advance: through dis
integrating Japanese resistance
and the fall of Burma's second
city was believed here to be im
minent j j
Many Japanese were by
passed in the spectacular night
thrust ami were left behind to
be mopped up at leisure. Capture
of Mandalay, a; city of 185,000
population, is expected to seal off
additional thousands of enemy
'troops. . -Y. .. 4 I, Y !:. ;
The . Burma picture was the
brightest for (he allies since the
Japanese invaded the country in
the spring of 1942. Unless, the-enemy
is reinforced I strongly and
quickly the weight of odds against
him makes it certain he will be
driven from Burma in the' not
distant future. 1 -' !
U.Si General
Wounded But
Will Recover
I . i - I. i -j:
MANILA, Fridayj March 9.-
-Ma.-Gen. Verne D; Mudge, com-
mander of the hard-hitting- First
cavalry division, was wounded se-.
verely February' 28 by a Japanese
grenade, but the medical staff re
ported today his recovery was
certain. Y
General Mudge's home is Fells--
mere, Fla., his wife lives in San
Diego. f. -r i j - f
The general was; wounded on
the battle line northeast of Ma
nila while looking! for a I dugout
which the', army engineers had
blasted. : A Japanese, who had
been left for dead, tossed a gre
nade. Shrapnel wounded j Mudge
in the abdomen.' 1 . j
Y U f ; - V f
Amerfcas Delegates Sign
Blueprint for New Era
" MEXICO .1 CITY. I March t -W
Delegates to ' the inter-American
conference signed a blueprint for
a. new era In this nemisphere to
night Then they started home,
preparing to extend their system
for peace and prosperity to the
rest of , the world at San Fran
.cisoo. ' L Y- " f" '- -
. 1 ' 1
also was named to succeed him
as treasurer. - ?
i Wamer appointed Kern, MiUer,
Paul : B. .Wallace,- C A. Sprague
and Jess Card a committee to rec
ommend -next fall's campaign
chairman, y., ,: ".- : .; ' f
f A report from the chest's sal
vage committee, assigned the task
of disposing of cots and bedding
used, in' soldier sleeping quarters
when ' the city 4 was ; often - filled
with military: men,! revealed that
it cost the chest just 11.8 cents to
provide - a man with a bed for
the night A total of $2950.51 was
the" net expenditure of the 'chest
However, at the YMCA an extra
man was kept on duty in. gym
nasium and at the swimming poo'
when men were quartered there
St Joseph's church kept up its
hall where' cots were erected, and
the TJSO provided registration and
other service, -i . y; i
LfULfU
First Army
Eastward Toward
Germany's Heart
Sensational Crossing May Have
Been Made on Remageri Bridge;
Heralds Speedier End ol War
By Austin Bealmear 1
PARIS, March 8-(AP)-Thousands of U. S.
first army troops, surging across the Rhine south
of Cologne, drove east toward Germany's heart to
night against surprisingly light resistance after'
cracking the historic western barrier in a brilliant
coup heralding a speedier
The swift, sensational
military triumph since
and was a battle'f eat without parallel since Napol
eon's conquering legions crossed the Rhine early
in the last century.
It caught the Germans go disorganized that
they met the assault waves
lery and mortar fire, and they were Quickly driven
from strategic positions. The allied nigh command
kept them confused by withholding the momen
tous news for 24- hours.
The Luxembourg radio broadcast without of
ficial confirmation that
Remagen, site of the great Ludendorff double
track railway bridge, J28 miles southeast of Col
ogne and 12 miles southeast of Bonn. ".- "' y;"f'- ?
(Brussels radio carried the
in London that the Americans may have seized the bridge intact
putting them in position to hurry tanks across and exploit the sur
prise blow to the full. The German communique said this morning 1
that the Americans had reached Remagen.) 1
The crossing, fated to end the
ed, if it ran be exploited, tame as four allied armies closed up to the
Rhine nearly everywhere on a 150-mile front and the Third army
on the south end began blasting with artillery at Coblenz, most im
portant river crossing left to the enemy.-. 1
I n 1 A A 1 HMJ '
nun uimwntwH lima .
The Germans rallied for three counterattacks after the first
American infantrymen hurdled the
these were hurled back.
The enemy was caught without prepared positions, and he was
forced tonight to blaze away with artillery at I the deep and firm
bridgehead, trying to stem the allied tide of men and materials rush- j
ing across the river. I , ' 1
Fighter bomber squadrons snarled through the murky sky, at- '
tacking a half dozen communications centers surrounding the bridge
head in an attempt to seal off reinforcements, f
Tight censorship prevented pin-pointine the location of the
crossing and supreme headquarters late tonight till permitted only
the barest details to be disclosed in the hope of throwing the Germans
off the scent except those immediately brought to battle.
(Supreme -headquarters imposed its blackout! on the First army's
southern wing yesterday after permitting disclosure that armored
units were 10 miles south of Bonn, which would place them in the
area of Remagen.) i
News Delights Elsenhower J
The crossing, which brought
lighted'' congratulations from General Eisenhower, was made Just an
hour and 15 minutes before tanks of the Third army reached the
Rhine farther south toward Coblenz. 1
Both armies, still operating under partial blackouts, were rapidly
overrunning the last enemy-held sector west of the Rhine and north
of the Mose-s river. :
. Across tne Rhine, American infantrymen pushed on, leaving the
bridgehead well behind and out of range of small arms fire.
Associated Press Correspondent Hay Boyle f said the men who
made the first crossing were still in the vanguard of the drive .be
yond the river. - ., - I
The crossing was made at oneof the most picturesque parts of
the beautiful, storied Rhine winding as Boyle described it "like a
lazy, silver-gray snake" between- sheer bluffs and green hills.
As soon as the original company had crossed it began ascending
a sheer 300-foot crag. Resistance was not organized because the Ger
mans were completely caught off guard, but some nazi were able to
turn an anti-aircraft gun against
Men, Weapons roar Across y '-:Y; -ft t: ";V
- Artillery and mortars fired sporadically and the Germans "zeroed"
the crossing point with long range shells. However, American re
inforcements and equipment kept feeding across to the east bank and
every road leading to the bridgehead brought more men and weapons.
The veteran First division cleared at least Half of Bonn, a city
of 101,000, during the day in fighting tfhlch Associated Press Corre
spondent Don Whitehead said was much more bitter than the battle
for Cologne. Despite the presence of thousands; of civilians in the
famed university city, "the Germans , were pouring rockets and artil
lery into it, killing many of their own people. - j , ;
: , At last reports the iron bridge carrying the lush way and tramway
across the Rhine at Bonn was still passable. - i , -;
Three miles south of Bonn the Ninth division of the first army
cleared three-fourths of the resort town of Bad Godesberg and sever
ed the river bank road running between Bonn and Coblenz. .
Portland Vice
Racket Draws
Gtizens9 Ire
PORTLAND, Ore, : March $.
(AVA grinv faced citizens com
mittee, 100 strong, declared war
on Portland's vice conditions to
day and demanded that city offi
cials clamp, down on prostitution.
The group, representing civic
leaders, heard a federal security
agency official threaten federal
Intervention unless organized
prostitution is suppressed. , Field
Representative John W. Sears said
the government's efforts to clean
out vice had received weak help
locally. . -
"Each flurry of enforcement you
have had represents- the results of
pressure from the army, navy or
federal security agency," he said.
No. 333
o
Drives
end to the war.
crossing was the biggest
the Normandy landings,
f r ,
with -only scattered artil
1
the Americans crossed, at
same report prompting speculation
war months sooner than calculat
river at 3:50, parr; yesterday, but
I
the First array; a message of "de
the attackers for' a time.
PFC Edward Masonic
Missing in Action
PFC Edward Masonic, former
Salem resident; who', trained at
Camp Adair with ; the 70th di
vision and whose wife, Harryette
Masonic, 'is i teacher at ngle
wood school,i has been reported
missing in action somewhere in
France since January 8.
2. Masonic ,was with the Trail
blazer "division , on - the western
front.. "I-.-. - .
British Admiral Dies
, EXETER, England, Mar. MV
Rear A dm. Montagu W W. P, Con-
sett,' British iaval representative
on the Inter-allied committee of
Versailles in 1920, died at his home
here yesterday, , He was 74. ,
Y:-;.- I- ; ; . Y ,Y'
-:T
1 -1
-