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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 27, 1944)
J. i ,.r. page roun j Tb OrJZGOII STATECIIAIL Sclera. Orsgoa. Sunday I-Iorrlng. August 27.' 1S11 mm mNo Favor Sways Ut; No Fear Shall Atoe" l From First Statesman, March 28, 1851 TOE STATESJIAN PUBLISHING COMPANY CHARLES A. SPRACUE, Editor and Publisher ' ' Member of the Associated Press s -v. 'The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for publication of all news dispatches credited to it or' not otherwise credited in this newspaper. -t-"v wis-:- . Changing Commanders " . ' j $The doctrine of indispensability.gets a heavy jolt in the current . Nelson-Wilson embroglioin Washington. The. commander-in-chief, instead of commanding, dodges his responsibility first in letting the dissension (which he admits knowing about) get into a first-class row, and secondly in not making a clean-cut decision. ' Shipping Nelson off to China on some vague mission and then putting Wilson in charge of WPB was no solution to the impasse which had comment until the White House finally admitted Willkie Gets a Bid. ,The president's attempt at a private teterateto with Wendell j Willkie appears to ha ve run on the rocks, - largely due to the president's own bungling. After having said in a press con ference he knew' nothing about an; invitation to Willkie to discuss foreign affairs he later ad mitted having gotten in touch with him. Willkie seems to have handled his end of the affair with admirable discretion. He refused to make any developed within WPB: Wilson had wanted to get out for months, hut the president held him to his task'without straightening out the differ ences between the top hands of WPB. ; .When Roosevelt . returned from his five weeks' cruise in the Pacific about the first thing he said in his speech at Bremerton was that he had kept in close touch with Washington so that everything there was hunky-dory. Yet at that time this" trouble was brewing which now has spilled over in a sorry mess. j Talk about changing horses in midstream, Roosevelt is now changing his team right at the critical juncture of shifting from war to peace. If ever, leadership and generalship was needed it is right now in planning and effecting this critical transition. If that job is messed up, the nation's economy will go sour. It would seem if we can shift command of such an important sector (and no one expects Nelson to go back as head of WPB) other changes could be made as well inheliigh com mand. It certainly is a reflection on the presi dent's lack of administrative ability to have two as able and patriotic men as Wilson and Nelson leave in such a shabby manner. Both de serve well of their country, and both deserved better of their commander-in-chief. the invitation, and then stated that any . such discussion should be non-partisan and that he preferred to hold it after the election. Thus he avoided entrapment and punctured the presi dent's political intent, if such there was, in his original invitation. : Willkie has with commendable consistency fought for honest and forthright decisions on the vital questions concerning international rela tions. He refuses to make petty politics out of them, and would sacrifice his political career rather than compromise on what he regards as fundamentals for world recovery. His attitude if that now the Issues are bigger than the men or the parties. The welfare of our country and of the world is at stake. Flight to New York The three tons of northwest food products that a United Airlines cargo plane carried back to New York to supply a luncheon with pro duced about three (freight) carloads of publi city. Every city of size seems to" have furnished part of the cargo, and dreams of regular plane delivery of perishable foodstuffs to rich markets are stimulated. V . But carrying cocktail meat and fresh rasp berries as a' stunt and carrying them for com- " mercial competition are two different things. President Patterson of United himself has pointed out., that air , transportation costs per ton-mile are far higher than for surface trans portation. S6' noVone should be deluded into, thinking that his 'produce- is going to market by i cargo planes tight off when the war ends. Only high value; goods Witivin urgent deliv ery rating will be shipped by air. Style mer chandise, perishable foods and flowers of more expensive kinds, repair parts will make up most of the practical air express of the immediate future. Quantity goods, even in foodstuffs, will move by rail or motor truck, or in the' case of staple commodities, by water where boat serv ice is offered. One swallow makes neither .spring nor a drunkard, and one well publicized air-' plane trip, while it reveals possibilities, does not produce a transportation revolution. . - 1 - w Disease Score Worse Either through a slump in protective meas ures or law enforcement or something, .the num ber of cases of venereal disease took a marked increase in recent months. For July the total cases reported was 427. Multnomah county was the worst offender with 178 cases, but Marion county, which kept a very low count for months, reported 18 cases, 10 of syphilis and six . of gonorrhea. The July trend is not improving, for the report for the week ending August 19 shows for the state 47 cases Of syphilis and 95 of gonorrhea. The increase cannot be blamed on presence of the military because the military population is far less than in 1943 and 1942. Perhaps the civil' authorities are less vigilant in rounding up the carriers than, they were when the federal offi cials were pressuring them to hold a tight rein on commercialized vice. The statistics show the danger of any' letdown in venereal disease con trol especially through law enf orceinent. Study in'Mass Psychology The armory was jaropacked Friday night, the queue, to gain admission reaching nearly across Liberty street to Crystal Gardens. The attraction was the weekly "grunt and groan" act and more particularly the facial ugliness of one of the grapplers. The same night a Walt Disney film of fantasy filled one of the theatres after- running for several days to packed houses. . - . . , ; But rval political meetings that night failed to do so welL A sergeant's platoon of people at- tended the republican meeting to hear the re port of three distinguished citizens who had at tended the national convention as delegates, and a corporal's guard met in the court house to get a ' Mr. Smith Goes to Washington"; dub started in behalf of Edgar Smith, democratic candidate for the senate.' I We'll let the people "roll their own" comment on the contrast. The Corvallis Gazette-Times , wonders, how the prices bid by former owners of Camp Adair farms will compare with their asking prices to the government. If the owners go out and look at their places they may be too saddened to make an offer. Fences down, fields grown to weeds, orchards neglected, farm buildings gone to"wrack it will take a lot of time, money and work 'to get them in the condition they were when the government took their lands How ever, such is the demand for farm land, the gov ernment should realize good returns on the places it offers for sale. i mmwm mm imm J .What are Dewey's chances of election? Well, of our 31 "presidents, three had mustaches, six ' had beards, 22 were clean shaven. Would it help Dewey's chances if he shaved off his mustache? Quite soon now they put on the back shelf copies of "The Last Time I Saw Paris." '.American furriest dream of a postwar world In which "every woman will have a fur coat." There's another difficult choice for the rising generation: Coats for the girls or fox tails for the jalopies? Editorial Common! BAKING DEMOCEACT STKONO One great error which the Italian and German democracies shared in common was proportional representation. This appeals to many idealists as the only "fair" representation of all sections of pub lic opinion. But its fatal defect, as exemplified in Italy and Germany, was that it shattered .the elec- . torate and the legislature into a multitude of par ties and factions of . bitter extremists who would . have had no real chance of getting into power un der the majority-voting system and the two-party : system. Under the latter system .candidates cannot hope for success unless they appeal to the majority and especially' to the moderates at the center. This, (Lis true, hits the disadvantage that it sometimes I blurs issues but this is more than compensated by the far greater advantage of encouraging and even enforcing the attitude of tolerance, moderation and reasonable compromise essential to the lasting suc . eps of democracy. :-; " .' - j v J; In addition to this appeal to the center, the suc cess of democracy rests upon concentration of re sponsibility. This implies a strong and stable execu tive, responsive to public opinion but not made sub servient, as in pre-war France, to every whim of tie legislature. ' v - rJ: v Here improvements In machinery will not safe guard a restored democracy In Europe unless they , are supported by an informed, moderate -and heal thy public opinion. Cut the danger remains that, tinder-whatever name or slogan, the nations of Europe will once more acquiesce in some form of despotism unless the lessons are learned from the rnors of democracy in the inter-war years. I.'ew York Times The War News By KIRKE L. SIMPSON ASSOCIATED PRESS WAR ANALYST Events of this August weekend were so obviously snow-balling to a crisis for Germany in Europe that speculation was rife as to whether total nazl col lapse might be only weeks, not months, away. Nor could Japan read the war portents with much less apprehension. In France, allied forces were swiftly weaving the straggle into an old familiar pattern that spelled German defeat a quarter century ago. German eva . cuation-ot all France west of the Somme-Marne line was so certainly in progress under pulverizing allied attack that nazi commentators admitted the retreat And even that line, the last short of German frontiers, 'was gravely menaced. Two vast and. powerful American forces and a reborn French army were converging for a junction in the plains of France southeast of liberated Paris. Their meeting would do more than close the trap on remnants of the nazi occupation troops in France, south and west of that allied line. It would aim an ' immediate flanking threat at .the Somme-Marne front before. the muds even -reach it It would expose the Rhine itself to allied assault It is mat way the most dangerous allied spear beads are thrusting up the Loire, the tipper Seine and the 'Rhone under a significant headquarters news blackout as to their exact position. ' , Romanian surrender has brought no pause by charging Russian forces already knocking at the Galati gateway to the Danube valley. Bulgaria is too clearly on her way out of the war to be a factor of consequence. Hungary is rocked by po litical convulsions. There are intimations that a nazi - retreat from the whole Balkan peninsula already has set in. The outline of a total encirclement of Germany probably long ago envisioned in Russian-allied stra tegy councils is taking shape. It remains only for , events In Finland, Norway and Denmark to com ' plete its meshing around the shriveling greater reich of Hitler's soap-bubble dream. ' , . Nor can Tokyo fail to read portents of allied - power drives into such far-off events as the Roose-velt-MacArthur-Nimitz conference at Pearl Harbor, . the arrival in Ceylon of Admiral Frazier, top rank ing British sea commander, to take over British armadae massing in the Bay. of Bengal and the Indian ocean, the disclosure of Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten's visit to London as allied commander-in-chief in southeastern Asia, the elevation of Gen eral Stilwell in China to four-star American army rank. The end of the wet monsoon also is near at hand to quicken campaigning in the Bay of Bengal and Dutch East Indies regions. There is no seven days in all the war period so jammed with fast-moving events around the world to foretell the approach of doom for the nazi-Nip-ponese aggressiott partnership as this August week closes. ' ' -.'"-. -?'Kv V'' ,-'' : . t m mm i i m ah.-j.-i c . mt mr m mmw aw Mmm r lA Wffir- H'"- k- m w r . U0lOTft6ET0UTfc OTTOE WAt? IN lHL i viV ' - . .- S -x-i f". (SEtODTOF IT IM IQr " f , sy -' :-. -- " ' . . : " . r MSSMseesssBeMB8SMSMaeasaaMsiBsiBssBsiiii n .: "" Matxuls Mais Ufa . .V-'4 ,-I.aseroblaior Ileal - Soldiers In Franca "... AT Till: Fr.OIJTi . -1 1 ; WITH THE AEF IN SOUTH ERN .FRANCE, Aug. 22-(de-layed)-P)-High up here in the , lower 'Alps more than 150 miles Inland from the Riviera coastline lies the heart of the Maquis country the sector where free French of the interior have been making life both miserable and short -for Germans .with their . own guns, ammunition, food and supplies. " ' After spending a few days with these fantastic fighting men and women I found their use of enemy equipment ' to fight the 'enemy only one of a million of meir seemingly .miraculous achievements. ; : Each, of course, has a practical explanation. For instance, some of the enemy weapons they cap tured themselves, but ' mostly they are guns the Allies took from the defeated Germans and Italians at the climax of the Tu nisian campaign more than a year ago. These weapons had been carefully repaired, serviced and checked in North Africa. Then daring Yanks brought them -by Liberators high over France and parachuted them down along with what ammunition had been captured in Tunisia. Then the Maquis went hunting for more ammunition, incident ally, of course, killing more Ger- "Banners in the Dustl' The Literary Guidepost CRT Br Jehu Selby j "MaeArther sad the War Aralnst Japan." by Fraxler Hiat (Seribners; SZJH). i Frazier Hunt has written j a book called "MacArthur and the War Against Japan that reacb amazingly like a campaign biog raphy. This it cannot be, Of course, since MacArthur is run ning for Tokyo, not the presi dency. But Mr. Hunt has done bis old friend no service by writ ing his book in the wide-eyed, what-a-peerless-man-is-he style. The book begins, theoretically, on July 27, 1941, when the gen eral, then retired and living px Manila, read in his newspaper that the Philippine army was to be called up. Actually, by the time he has finished the book, Mr. Hunfs reader will have soaked up all the essential Mac Arthurian fact except the detail of hia private life, most of which is ignored completely. So are his failures, and in this omission Mr. Hunt does not give his reader sufficient credit for intelligence. Even the dullest of us know tnpt no man ever reached the gener al's eminence without having made mistakes and had failures, and it distorts the real MacAir thur to write of him as if he were a sort of Tennysonian Galahad, West Point trained. Concretely, there is not a word about Mac Arthur's often remarked tenI ' ency to do what Broadway calls. "Ham" And too much is made of such material as the general's singular freedom from sea-si ck- ness while escaping on a PT-boat from Corregidor with Mrs. Mac Arthur, weir child, and the child's Chinese nurse. Sea-sickness is, after all, a matter jot nerves and the canals of the In ner ear. ' -r' I Most of Mr. Hunt's book is' a meticulous account of what hap pened while MacArthur strug gled to organize his forces in the Philippines, and a proportionate ly briefer account of the battle for the Philippines, dining which, according to i Mr. .Hunt, MacArthur insisted on standing in the open during - air raids, without a helmet Then the nar rative moves south while the southwestern ! Pacific campaign is described. Dozens of times, Mr. Hunt complains that Male- News Behind the News By PAUL MALLON (Distribution by King Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction in whole or in part strictly prohibited.) WASHINGTON, Aug. 27 The democratic senators , chirruped choruses of denunciation at Governor Dewey upon his de mand for small nations protec tion in the post war world 'then suddenly they went quiet , ' : Tom Connel ly, their for eign relations chairman, had Paul Mall on ' mo at lUTv mat Dewey had staged a Luft waffe attack upon, the Dumbar ton conference. A few days, la ter he was beaming benignly upon the republicans, and say ing, in a senate speech they had been exceptionally cooperative on foreign policy. The change is attributable to State Secretary Hun. Mr. Hull was the first to realize indeed he seems still the only one now firmly to insist that. a. peace Imposed by a majority 'will not endure even among the United Nations; that the opposition will one day get into power here, perhaps soon; that unity at home as well as among the nations of the world is essential if any thing constructive is to eventu ate. He has been . the leading force for restraint in an emotion al world debate. . v . But the matter Is constantly . being pushed off the plane he wants, into politics and confu sion. Comes now the foreign policy - association, for instance, thinking to defend him against Dewey. , ' ' . ' - In an involved and circuitous collection of assertions, it seems to conclude Dewey is Vrong and small nations can only be pro tected through domination by the big four powers. t Furthermore, two columnists who are supposed to be out Arthur got the little end of the supply horn, but never explains why. And he emphasizes bis friendship with the general, so that the complaints seem to be MacArthurs. "THE YOUNG IDEA" By Mossier . mm in ' - f ; nve can always neck. Donna, bat how often do' we get s chance to ) have Ice ereamt standing international experts, have entered a radio debate which whirls the whole issue into vortex. The ousted Hull assistant Mr. Welle and Mr. Hull's constant kibitzer, Mr. Iippmann, (whose recommendations on Interna tional affairs have never been followed by any government In any instance as. far back as my. memory runs though he sells them to the public three times a week and in books annually) these two, as I say, have become . hopelessly involved in such tech nicalities as the respective de gree of sovereignities of Japan and Germany in postwar. These developments; take a simple proposition and, stretch it to monstrous incongruities. The proposition was this, before all these stretchmen took hold of it and it still is this: Dewey urged that the Inter ests of small nations be better protected and suggested a spe cific way to do it He recom mended that ' the Dumbarton Oaks conference keep the mili tary world setup separate from economic agreements. He and Mr. Dulles, in their conferences, started searching for a way in which small nations would not be over-ridden by the power of the big four, and they hit upon this formula. -. . Their reasoning is rather ob vious. A small nation is a small nation and no one proposes to make them all big. The military might of the world will remain, after the war, largely with Rus sia and the United States, not with small l nations, and not even with Britain and China. No peace can change that So Russia and the United States will have the greatest po- v litical power in the world. This Is a fact of geography, Industry, raw materials, manpower. It cannot be altered by the peace' either. Now Mr. j Hull : proposed to . .protect the small nations by safeguarding their, sovereignty. This is largely a negative guar antee., but powerful one. It -would -transfer tte American conception of Individuality to the, world. People in this coun try are not actually born equal, as the constitution says, but they have equal rights Jn law. Hull proposes mere will be no monopoly of raw material and economic and ffamti domina tion by the big four, but Dewey says this Hull hope is too vague (indeed financial domination already has been hia ted by the . Bretton - Woods conference, al though the oil agreement might possibly develop more in line with Hull -policy.) Dewey goes farther and aaya the Hull way will not be effec tive, that a more certain way to accomplish the result Is to keep "he arrangements tor world se curity separate from world trade, finance, etc. In short he says, do not use your military domination In politics, econo mics, trade; put them on a more equal plane, The only question is whether the Dumbarton conference will choose that way, or the way the Russians seem to want to go. Neither the Russians nor British -seem to want as much freedom for small nations as either Dew ey or Hull. They favor collective security, collective economics, col 1 e c 1 1 v finance, collective finance, collective trad. All politics and confusion (Continued from Page 1) producing for the bottle and can trade. More muk has been going to this trade than formerly as Is proven by the fact that while the decrease in total muk pro duced was only one per cent for the year, the decrease in manu factured dairy products was five per cent This loss was chiefly In butter and cheddar cheese, while there were great increases in soft creamed cheese and cot tage cheese. " - ' The statistics disprove the prophecies of calamity to the dairying industry which were voiced with vehemence a year and more ago. The dispersals of herds did not result in depletion of dairy, stock, the cows were bought ' by other producers, chiefly small farmers wanting to - increase .'their " production be cause they found it profitable to do so. Many cows went to the slaughter pens, but that is the normal route for cows passing their prime as milkers. The high price of beef and the high cost of feed perhaps accelerated the butcher rate. Prices of- dairy cows remain high and the de mand strong, which would not be the case if the industry was in distress. - Director Peterson b correct In pointing out that subsidies are an uncertain factor in the dairy-1 ing economy. They are grants to supplement market returns and are made without regard to in dividual profits or losses of pro , ducers. Subsidies are distasteful and ought to be dropped just as toon as possible Just how much production was saved by use of subsidies will never be known because it is impossible of de termination. Probably not a great amount L. Most of the dairymen made a - conscientious effort to stay in business and produce milk, and that not alone for the possible profit but out of a sense of pa triotic duty, as their contribution to victory, providing an essen- ' tial food to sustain the civilian population and supply the armed forces. Regardless of subsidies, . which after, all are in minor amount the score shows a job well done by Oregon dairymen, which should be recognized, and should not beforgotten when the , country returns to peace. , . aside, the facts suggest Dewey has made a constructive demand upon the conference, and Hall knows it and is using it I sus pect Hull cares zaore about get ting his peace treaty ratified to the senate, than about presiden tial politics. . mans in order to get it In addi tion to these guns both Ameri can and British" have been para- chuting their own make of weap ons down to the fighting French from North Africa and England. These forest-wise, folk who have been writing Robin Hood like.legends in the French high lands have learned in nearly four years of being forced to fight like skulkers; in their own country how to achieve the impossible al most daily. When American, British and. French training teams parachut er down Into these wooded wilds to help organize them, the . Ma quis acted so swiftly, hardly a , single Allied agent was captured by the Germans. When they needed more ammunition volun teers stormed German' garrisons, although sometimes outnumber ed a hundred to one, and cap tured It . . V: Through bitterly cold winters they huddled in caves, huts and in the hills, often unable - for weeks at -a time to get enough, food. The women bore hardships the same as the men. "They've had a hell of a time said an American captain who parachuted down to help lead them six weeks ago. That's what makes them such fighting fools now. ' ' And they are fighting fools. I have seen them leap barricades during hot street fighting and race straight into Intense small arms fire from German-held buildings. I saw a Maquis girt armed only with a pistol lead an assault on a German machine gun position. They literally made one sector of " these mountains many miles square off limits for all German troops even when ten times their strength. They weren't too well organ ized even in this predominantly Maquis country when Allied ex ; perts came in to help them. But they, were willing. One of the best examples of their progress and one of the best examples of their achieving the impossible ' came a few weeks before the Ri viera invasion. W - It became necessary to get sev eral high ranking French and Al lied military personnel Into the area to Coordinate the Maquis work with landing plans. - But they were so valuable : leaders didnt dare risk having them parachute down or sneak in from . the sea. .. So the Maquis promptly bunt adequate landing airfields high . up there in the hills, on a plateau screened by towering crags. Then they threw a cordon of their toughest fighting men around it. ' A. few nights later an unarmed C-7 slipped , In under cover, landed, discharged its cargo of military chieftains deep within enemy territory, and took off again safely. . Today I saw one of those of ficers leading the Maquis in bat tle. - - - Isolation Area At Tiile Lake 4 Clear Finally KLAMATH FALLS, Aug. 26-()-The isolation area at the Tule Lake segregation center was emp ty of troublemakers today for the first time in nine months. , "Conditions in the center at this time make isolation of individuals no longer necessary, said WRA officials, reporting a transfer -of the stockade's last occupant to the main residential area. Recent mil itary developments against Japan may have calmed the situation at the big camp, torn by riots last November, they added. A total jt 38S Japanese have been detained In the isolation area for from one to two months. When officials were sure the troublemakers would cause no disturbance in the main residence area, the WRA reviewed the indi vidual eases and moved the men out... - 'h . Stockade occupants unsuccess fully attempted two hunger slxikes. ,j O - I . Twenty-eight aliens have been transferred from ; the isolation area to the alien internment camp at Santa Fe, NU. t cr J Crcul 1