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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 13, 1932)
PA(C four The OREGON BT ATKSMAN. Baiera. Oregon, Saturday Morning, February 13 1932 J "No Favor Sways Us; No Fear Shall Awe" . From First Statesman, March 23, 1851 THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING CO. Ch isles A. Spracue, Shjxdon F. Sackett, Publisher Charles A. Spragce Editor-Manager HrnpN F. Sackett - - - - - Managing battor Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press Is xdurively entitled te the nw frP"'lc; MoncaUoews dispatches credited to It or not therwlsa credited U this paper. Pacific Coast Advertising Representatives : Arthur W. Stypei Inc.. Portland. Security Bid. Baa Franclsce. Sharon Bldg.: Los Angeles. W. Pat BUg. E astern Advertising Representatives: Ford-Parsons-Stecher. Inc. Hew fork. Salmon Tower Blds 11 W. 42ad SL; Chicago. lt N. Michigan Aye. Entered at the Potto ff ice at Salem, Oregon, as Second-Class Matter. Published every morning except Monday. Business office, tl5 S. Commercial btreet. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Mall fluracrlDtlon Rates. In Advance, Within Oregon : Dally, Sunday. 1 Mo. 60 cents; I Uu. II.ZS; !": rear Elsewhere SO cenU per Mo., or 15.00 for 1 year In advance By City Carrier: 41 cents a month: 15.00 a year In advance. Par Copy t cents. On trains and News Stands S cent The War Debt Muddle JUST now foreign debts in general and war debts in'partic ular appear to be the Dragons which must be slain be fore the American St. George can be strong again. This view is not true: our fundamental and continuous prosperity has always sprung from the huge and ever-growing domestic market which consumes more than 90 per cent of our indus trial and agricultural output. Yet it would be folly to ignore, the gravity of the international debt situation as it effects A.niiici The" crux of the matter, oddly enough, is not shall the foreign nations pay, or have they instrinsic ability to pay or do they want to pay : popularly expressed the nubbin of the matter is: "What will debtors of the United States use for money? There are only four known methods for the settlement of International debt: 1. Payment in gold. 2. Payment in goods. 3. Payment through invisible "imports" translated into gold. t . ' 4. Payment through new borrowing. The first method now is impossible, France excepted. Germany to support the stabilized mark has only 12 gold reserve; if she sent every ounce of gold in the nation out this year she could pay less than two years' reparations. Payment in goods likewise becomes untenable when im porting nations erect huge tariff barriers which prevent a debtor nation paying off in kind. England historically rec ognized that as long as she was a world nation, loaning money in the four corners of the earth, her trade must be free and the flow of goods allowed to be taken as payment of debt. Invisible imports of a nation are principally moneys re ceived from travel. France's rise from the fringe of bank ruptcy in 1926 to affluence in 1932 has largely been due to hoarding of her gold a large amount of which was obtained from American tourists. But as business in the United States declines, travel likewise is diminished. Payment through new borrowing has been the means Germany, notably, has used to "settle" her debts. With the film of prosperity created by the gold-backed new mark and with reparation payments agreed upon, capital flowed into Germany and the new income exceeded the debt flow out ward. Obviously this now has ceased. The problem of debt settlement is doubly complicated be cause it now is intertwined with private debts. Which loans shall Germany rightfully pay first: those imposed by the Versailles treaty or those imposed by private agreements? Germany feeling only the latter brought her value received, is now committed to private debt settlement alone. Add to this complexity the fact that the United States has held since . - ... ij i l. j 19 Z0 that the Allies aeots 10 us were in no wajremwmeu wuu reparation payments from Germany while each ally claims the reparations and war debt situations are inextricably con nected, and you see a muddled problem. In such a vexing situation no one way out appears as sured. Lowered tariff walls must come; the stand-still agree ments on private debts will continue until Germany catches her economic breath; England may be forced to establish the pound sterling on a basis lower than $4.86 in order to compete with the wiping out of domestic debts occasioned by Italy, Germany, and France who juggled their currencies and by total for quotation are paying only a small portion to her creditors, paved the way for industrial advantage over debt-ridden England. Above all, the United States must learn of a new science for us the international lending of money. We cannot es cape this new position. It started towards us when the world blew up in 1914 ; we cannot lose this economic leadership even if our short-sighted statements tell us to get out of world af fairs. We are an international leader ; thus we will stay ; and as we continue and learn the complexities of the present problems will unravel through experience. Big News Stories of 1931 EDITOR and Publisher, the trade weekly for newspaper men, has published what prominent news executives picked out as the ten biggest news stories of 1931. A compar ison of the three lists shows quite a wide divergence of opin ion. The Manchurian affair places in each list; so does the death of Thomas A. Edison. Then there are some stories rec ognized by two of the three ; such as, the depression, death of Knute Rockne, Post-Gatty flight, Wickersham report, pope's first radio broadcast, Spanish revolution. But here are the lists, the first being that prepared by J. M. Kendriek. executive news editor of the Assnriated Press : 1. , World depression (Included in this, related occurrences that might be attributed to the depression as a cause). 2. Dispute between China and Japan over Manchuria. t. Mahatma Gandhi. 4. Knot Rockne's death In airplane crash. 5. Wickersham commision's report of prohibition 6. Post-Gatty flight around the world. 7. Edison's death. 8. Culbertson-Lens bridge match. . Imprisonment of Albert B.Fall. 10. Conviction of Al Capone. Carl D. Groat, news director, United Press, prepared the following list: Thf.W04 econom,c "ituatlon. Including such individual 51t?Ho?YI moratorium, the abandonment of the gold tidK? by England downfall of the British labor government. bMic ltor?y mutiny-all manifestations of the same , ChinLntlSca0 a'nrehcom?cdlffUerther S. The overthrow of the Spanish monarch-. 4. The pope s first broadcast to the world " 5. The Colorado blizzard in which children froze to death rr PePPer Martin's activities in the last world series fn,i .1orUiees.ROCkne " f4U1 IrPle Cra8b' " tsTandln? spSru' I' ZVli d,ta5reemt between the Vatican and Italy 8. The Wickersham reports. iiy. 9. Thomas Edison's death. 10. The suicide from shame of Vivian Gordon's dan after revelations brought out by the mother's murder daughter These are selected." Mr. Groat said, "for variety as well as their outstanding character. The Post-Gatty. Pangbori-He?n-doa and Boardman-Polande-flights ought to be listed as among the greatest stories; Gandhl'i activities and the visits to the United States of Laval and Grand! would also qualify " $1.00. Yesterdays . , . Of 014 Sale Tows Talks from The States nui of Earlier Days February is, 1007 Check of the manufacture and sale of adulterated foods, and misbranding of the same, Is sought la a pure food bill before the house. Millers protested the measure on the grounds It would injure their business. The senate has refused to con cur in the house Joint resolution for submitting to the people the question of equal suffrage. Mrs. Abigale Scott Duniway of Port land, who attended the legislature in the Interests of the measure, stated the women would obtain initiative petitions, frustrating the senate's action. Salem's Chinese population yes terday ushered in their celebration of ; New Year's with gaiety, noise and exhilaration. Bombs and fire crackers went up in smoke. Their stores on High street were espe cially decorated for the occasion. February 18, 1022 Dallas is endeavoring to secure the first plant to be established by the Willamette Valley Flax and Hemp Growers' Cooperative asso ciation. They propose to establish the plant in a three-story mill building and power it with both water and steam. Vachel Lindsay, the American poet, will speak in Willamette university chapel late this month, Professor Panunzlo, head of the social science department, an nounced yesterday. WASHINGTON. Demand for a reduction in the size of the army to 100,000 enlisted men. or even to a maximum of 75,000, will be made when the annual army ap propriation bill is considered. The budget estimates call for a total appropriation of $154,226,512 for pay of all persons connected with the armv. New Views The question sked yesterday by Statesman reporters was: "Do you think schools and state offi ces should be closed on Lincoln's birthday? Why?" Yelma Rickman, clerk: I wouldn't mind having day." 'Well, holl- Lola "I don't holidav, right." Williams, housekeeper: see any real need for a but I guess it's all Wilfred Hagedorn, student: 'Boy, and how!" Sadie Standifer, student: "With the programs that we have in school we celebrate Lincoln's birthday better without a holi day." Lester B. Endicott, oil com pany representative: "Yes, sir. I most certainly do. I don't know of any other man who Is more popular in the schools than Lin coln, unless It's Washington, and I think that not honoring him with a holiday is wrong." Paul Hauser, senior class pres ident, high school: "I think all the students would like to see It. I would, too, of course." Daily Health Talks By ROYAL S. COPELAND, M. HAVE you recently Inspected your children's report cards? Are you satisfied with the school reports, or do you think there are too many poor marks? In a recent investigation by the United States Public Health Service it was deter mined that physical defects axe responsible for most poor school reports. Frequently they are due to too ittle of the right kind of food, to poor eyesight or to other physi Dr. Copeland cal troubles. It is estimated that anywhere from one-quarter to one-third of the children in school are handi capped by malnutrition. This has a definite influence on the progress that scbool children make or da not make. By "malnutrition" U meant the physicial state that results when a child is not receiving the proper food. It means that there is a lack of the proteins, minerals, vitamins and other food substances which are essential te the normal davetopaaent of tone, muscle, teeth and brain. Lack of these suestance results -la certaia constitutional diseases, snch as rickets, and tends definitely te prevent mental progress. Every child should to assured of a well-balanced diet. It must eon- tala plenty of milk, eggs, meat, vege tables, fruits and whole eereels. I know you win be astonished to leara that children showing signs of malnutrition often ceme frem homes that can afford good food. The trouble is that thesa children eat too Uttle of certain foods aad to V much of others. The parents most often to blame- They ara And here is the list of Joseph V. Connolly, president of the International News Service : 1. Pope PIux XI makes first papal radio broadcast lm world's history from Vatican. 2. Abdication of King Alfonso as Spain becomes republie. 8. Professor Augusta- Piccard safe after ascending 52,u00 feet la stratosphere. '4. Aviators Wiley Post and Harold Gatty set new record of t days IS hours and 51 minutes, la flying around the world. 5. Hoover debt moratorium. 6. Japan's defiance of League of Nations la taking control .of Manchuria. 7. Great Britain going off gold standard. . 8. Al Capons sentenced to federal penitentiary. 9. Death of Thomas A. Edison. 10. Death of Senator Pwight W. Morrow I HERE'S HOW turns'. r&Kz, 7 NIGHT . ( ff$ A$J 0 INTO fjJjjg PftrriSK ARMV EX Peers Bvb invenT EC7 A- SEARCHLIGHT VHTH 300 QEAMS. PIRECTEP BY MIRSfeKl VbO BjGS AKE- LA7 EVECY SECONO OP TK& PAY -MASS. SKY (T WILL MAKE. MMTAH? CAlPS IMRSS&fl Sunday: "Bullets of Sound" BITS for BREAKFAST By R. J. HENDRICKS Oregon's great contributlont . The writer is reluctant to drop the series on the election to the United States senate of Col. B. D. Baker and J. W. Nesmlth by the legislature of 1860, without a brief sketch of the lffe of Baker. (That was the first regular ses sion of the Oregon state legisla ture after the admission of the territory as a state, though one has been held in July, 1818. while this was "a state without the union," not being admitted until Feb. 14, 1859; and at the 1858 session Joseph Lane and Delazon Smith had beea elected to the U. S. senate. But that his toric hiatus , when Oregon had both a state and a territorial leg islature, makes a long story, to be told at some future date.) W V E. D. Baker was born In Lon don, Feb. 24, 1811, son of a school teacher. The family came to Philadelphia five years later. Young Baker was there appren ticed to a weaver. The family went to Indiana In 1825, and a year later to Illinois. At 16 the boy drove a dray in St. Louis one season, whence he went back to Illinois and studied law. In 1831, age 20, as heretofore related In this series, he married. Baker's mother was Lucy Dickinson, sis ter of Thomas Dickinson, a dis tinguished officer in the British navy. In 1832 Baker enlisted as a private in the Black Hawk war, and came out a major. He was admitted to the bar and commen ced practicing in Greene county, Ills., and later moved to Spring field. There he was the associate of Abraham Lincoln and other not familiar with the necessity of a weU-balanced and varied diet or els they neglect to apply their knowl edge. Remember that even though the food be of good quality, it should not be eaten quickly, nor between meals. Neglect of these precautions, together with too little sleep aad rest, and lack of exercise, may bring on the symptoms of malnutrition. Very often the teacher will ac cuse little Johnny of being lazy. Little Johnny and many of his play mates may not pay attention to their work. These children are not lazy necessarily, but because they are not well nourished they cannot func tion normally. Children who are not well nourished tire easily. They act slow-witted, are ill-behaved and do not show the usual signs of bright ness. Another Important thing to be considered is the child's sight or hearing. Very often the child has poor sight and It Is difficult for him to study, or to see what the teacher writes on the blackboard. When there Is any Impairment in the hear ing, it is difficult for a child to hear what the teacher has to say. When overlooked and not recog nized Immediately, such handicaps place the child in the backward group. When the physical defects are recognized and remedied, the child's school work Immediately im proves. I tell you about these matters be cause if you have received a report rard that is not satisfactory, and particularly if your child has net been te a physician lately, 1 would soggest that you take the child to one. Have the eyes and ears examined. See that the tonsils are not nnduly enlarged, and that there Is ne dif ficulty In breathing because of en larged adenoids. Have complete examination, and see If It Is not possible te Improve any physical de tect that your child may possess. It you do this, you wtll Immedi ately see a change to the school progress. Tou owe this to your child, and I am sure you are gtad to do everything possible tor your child's welfare. By EDSON HeON, (P KEATfe? to K9o peaeets, A MAGNET-US. Govt, -J EHT -ISTS able lawyers who attained fame la 1837 He was la the lower house of the Illinois legislature; In the senate in 18 40-18(4, and served la the lower house of con gross in 1545-46. resigning De cember SO of the latter year to accept a commission as colonel and lead an Illinois regiment In the war with Mexico. Served with distinction. Returaed to Galena. ins., and was again elected to con gress, serving In 1849-1851, when he declined a reelection. The brilliancy of his oratorical pow era got first national attention when he was the orator at the lay ing of the cornerstone of the old state house In Springfield, Ills July 4, 1837. easier ana Lincoln were com petitors for the congressional nomination from the Springfield district in 1843. It was a close contest, but Baker won, securing an instructed delegation in his favor, and Lincoln placed his name before the convention. Neither was successful, John J Hardin being nominated and erected. Baker, however, was elected to succeed Hardin, and Lincoln to succeed Baker. Baker came prominently to the help of Oregon country January 16, 1848, when he Introduced a resolution in the lower house of congress demanding that the president of the United States sur render not a foot of territory to which our country had a clear tl tie meaning the Oregon county. to 54-40; up to Alaska. On the 2?th, speaking on the resolution asking the president to notify Great Britain of this country's in tention to terminate occupancy of the Oregon country, he made an address that electrified the coun try. It was an extended burst of oratory. Here are very brief ex tracts: "i desire to treat tnis as an American question, and I shall not be driven out of that course. I am not one of those who supported Mr. Polk. I used the utmost of my ability to prevent his election: and when Mr. Clay was beaten. I confess, I felt as the friends of Aristldes may be supposed to have felt when he was driven from Athens .... Sir, the west will be true to her convictions. I believe that portion of the west which sustained Mr. Polk will still be for the whole" of Oregon .... It Is to the spirit which prompts these settlers that we are in debted for the settlement of the western states. The men who are going to beat down roads and lev el mountains to brave and over come the terrors of the wilderness Tava.: mbv a. a a mm We Make Mortgage Loans on Farm and City Property. . . Moderate Rates . . Prompt Service . . No Brokerage LADD & BUSH TRUST COMPANY "The Gay CHAPTEJL LVI A gala ia silence they drove out toward the hacienda of Morales, fear and foreboding is the heart of each as to what might be the end. At last the low hacienda loomed in the distance, flanked by its long shad ows of eucalyptus. A brooding quiet lay over the place, a menacing watch fulness, and once the gin shivered as if some cold current of air had touched her. Again she was placing herself and the man she loved in the hands of his enemies they were staking' everything on the slender chance of winning the sympathy of Morales. Something within her kept warning that it w&s a lost cause, telling her to turn back while yet there was time. Resolutely she put the thought from her and sped on. The great black gates stood open and they drove up to the entrance of the deserted patio. No servants ran out to announce them. Their steps echoed oa the polished tile. and still no sound came from within. "Where can they be?" She whis pered. Inside, the macaw regarded them silently from his perch in the patio Then a light footfall sounded behind them and from out the gloom Jito came forward. With that silent, cat like tread of his he strode up to them, and in the gathering twilight the two men stood again face to face while the memories of their enmity rose like unbidden specters between them. To the girl he made no sign of recognition, but fastened his dark eyes on Ted. Tor Dios." the Mexican's deep voice rumbled through the silent house, "I begin to think you are truly a very brave man tenor Would it be hard for you to under stand that the thing I want most in life is once more to get my fingers about your throat r A wave of blind fury swept over Ted at the man's tone a longing to lash his clenched fists into the dark, scowling face. For a second he held himself in leash, then slowly, the red anger within him died. There were more important issues at stake. Adela had already stepped be tween. "Where is uncle, Jito?" she asked quickly. The Mexican jerked his head toward the stairs. "In his room. Ever since you ran away he has been there. You will not find him ami able." "I find no one amiable in this for bidding place, she flung back at him. Then to Ted, "I want to talk to uncle in his room. Stay her and hope." She ran her arm through Jito's. Come, big one, she smiled trem ulously up at him. "I want you to help me too," For a moment the Mexican hesi tated. His sullen eyes again sought Ted. then dropped to Adda's up turned face. Without a word he turned and followed her. Ted watched them mount the stairs and a moment later heard the distant closing of s door. are our brethren and our kins men. It is a bold and free spirit; It has in it the elements of gran deur. They will march, not "Like some poor exile, bending with hl3 woe. To stop too fearful, and too faint to go;' But they will go with free steps; they will bear with them all the arts of civilization, and THEY WILL FOUND A WESTERN EM PIRE." In 1852, Baker came to Califor nia; became a great criminal law yer. September, 1858, he deliv ered the address commemorating the laying of the Atlantic cable. It was a great oration, the closing words: "Amid all th wonders of past achievement, and all the splendors of present success, we turn with swelling hearts to gaze into the boundless future, with the earnest conviction that it will develop a universal brotherhood of man." He said the Atlantic ca ble was but one link In a line of thought which was to bind the world, and that the next link would connect the Atlantic and Pacific. When this union was ef fected, three years later, the sec ond message sent over the wires was the announcement of the fall of Col. Baker at Ball's Bluff. September 16, 183?, le gave Bandit & Border" Silence fell Filled with misgiving Ted walked about the patio. Once he stepped out to gaze on the pur pling aeien. every nerve wiunn him was carrying some message of impending danger, some warning in the silence urging him to leave be fore too late. Impatiently he shook his head. He had to come. There was no other way. Lighting a cig- alette, he resumed his restless pac ing. Morales, after alL held the cards, and now all their hope cen tered on Morales. Again he stopped and listened. No sound. And yet Adela must know by now whether it was life or death. Would they never come down? Even now it must all be decided up there. His restless pace increased. Would she have her way with tnat strange, reienuess -a .a. uncle of hers or Savagely he flung the cigarette aside. The silence, the uncertainty. were unendurable. Would nothing ever happen? Then, as if in answer, he heard from above the muffled scream of the girt Like a maddened tiger he leaped for the stairs. A door opened as he ran down the shadowy hall, and di rectly ahead of him something gleamed. In the darkness Jito stood with drawn revolver, Sefior," warned the low, rumbling voice, one more step and you die For a second the American's mus cles knotted. For a long breath Ted weighed the chances of dashing the gun from Jito i hand. Then reason came to his aid; there was no chance. The Mexican's too eager watchfulness told clearly of the quick death that awaited the least move. Again Jito spoke. "Turn slowly now, seSor, and go down the stairs, then out through the patio to the servants' quarters." Ted turned Already he knew that Jito was taking him to the barred cell Morales had shown him once before. Yet as he walked down the stairs he listened. No sound came from above. His feet grated on the gravel walk, and at the door of the cell he stopped. The key was ia the lock. "Ester," Jito commanded. Ted stepped inside, and heard the key turn noisily. Jito gave a lo whistle, and to the peon who came running up he said in quick Spanish Go down to the village. Send to me my vaqueros. Send riders to all the camps and bring in everyone. Tell them to ride at high gallop. By midnight I want every man. Tell them El Coyote is captured and that Paco Morales holds his ally here. Vaya." As RadclitTe caught the meaning of those last words, all hope died uoa bod s release was now impos sible, and Morales, far from showing mercy to a fallen enemy, had seized this chance of making Ted his pris oner Laying his face close against the bars, Ted looked back toward the hacienda. One vine-covered corner the oration over the body of Da vid C. Broderick, U. S. senator from California, leader of the Douglas forces in that state, kill ed In a duel with Judge Terry. At Its close, it is related that "there was not one cheek less moistened than his own." S S October 26, 1850, in San Fran cisco, Baker delivered a remark able address to a great audience. He began by saying: "I owe more thanks than my life can repay, and I WISH ALL OREGON WERE HERE TONIGHT. We are a quiet, earnest, pastoral people, but by the banks of the Willamette there are many whose hearts would beat high as yours If they were here. I owe you much, but I owe MORE tf ''4k loggers' I r Itecanse ! Jlf) it will blast green stumps In I y.t wetorilrvaoili iJ I " ! ifc it haa more power in each stick; it stays down in the bottom of the hole; it does mere) work per pound of powder; it can be stored without losing its "pep;" it is being used in this section with entire satisfaction and say ing money, time and labor Gabriel Powder & Supply- Co, H. F. Batterfleld. L. D. Leanon, Boschler Hdwe. Co., E. DeGuire, only was visible. Beyond, almost in visible ia the dusk, were the open gates. Then something moved out side and suddenly his heart jumped to hear Adela s voice. Tedr came the whisper. The next moment her hands were on bis and. reaching through the bars, her hands touched his face. while for a time he heard only a low. choked sobbing. Lover," she spoke at last, "I must go quickly. We have lost. Un cle is insane with anger and with plans for revenge. He won't listen to me. He held me while Jito took you here. I am afraid, desperately afraid, now, for you. I go to get the major." Between the bars he felt her wet lips upon his own, and she had gone. The warm air of the desert beat in on the girl's face as, faster and faster, she sped over the narrow road. To the left rose the granite cross of the Conquerors, keeping its endless vigil beneath the stars. She flashed on the headlights. A ranchhouse loomed up and was Quickly left behind. A lone ly coyote skulked across the road. turning to watch the lights of her passing, and as she drove, her thoughts went racing on ahead, des perate, formless thoughts born of her bitter need. Her only hope, her only chance lay in the major's aid. If he refused, if he delayed Adela thrust back the certainty of what must happen to Ted out there among a horde of maddened vaqueros. A glow in the sky ahead told her Verdi was nearing, and with it came a recollection that the major would be at Don Bob's on this last night of his freedom. At the crossroads she turned toward the ranch. Once she looked up at the stars. "Dear God," she whispered, "he must come, and Uncle Paco must listen." Turning through the gate at Bob's hacienda Adela swung past a band of horsemen clustered about the cor ral. Swarthy, sombreroed men with zarapes swung over their shoulders, sitting their horses ia silence; and within the scabbard of each a rifle was thrust. Intent on her mission, the girl gave no thought to that silent group of armed riders, but drew up before the steps and, with out knocking, threw open the door. Inside, the major and Don Bob lingered over their coffee and cigars, their dinner clothes in strange con trast to the trail-worn costumes of the morning. One might have said that here sat two leisurely gentle men, idly talking, enjoying a quiet hour of relaxation before the, eve ning. Certainly nothing in Don Bob's manner would have betrayed the fact that for him the last moments of bis freedom were swiftly passing. Both men started to their feet as the girl burst in upon them. Rapidly Adela told them oiJTed's capture and of her uncle's mad joy at the taking of Don Bob. Again a mem ory of the light that had flashed ia Morales's eyes came back to her. 1 o ilc Condotaed Tomorrow) TO OREGON." s w April 1ft, 1881. In Union Square. New York City, he addressed a great mass meeting. April 12, a week before. Fort Sumter had been fired upon. He opened with the words: "The majesty of the people is tere today to sustain the majesty of the constitution, and I come. A WANDFRER FROM THE FAR PACIFIC, to record my oath along with yours of the great empire state. The hour for conciliation la past; the gathering for battle is at hand, and the country requires that ev ery man shall do his duty." Some of his concluding words: "If Prov idence shall will it. this feeble (Continued oa Page I) wsa&rwnaA Salem, Ore. Woodburn, Ore. Monitor. Ore. lit. Angel, Ore. Sllrerton, Ore. umd -Esr a. r
