PAGE FOUR
TrW CTATISTlAiT, galea.
"No Favor Sways Us; No Fear ShaU Axce
Ekv From First Statesman, March 28, 1831
U THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING CO. m
i? Charles A. Spkague, Sheldon F. Sackett. Publukera
Charles A. Sfr&gue - - . Editor-Manager
Sheldon F. Sackett - - Managing Editor
Member of the Associated Press
1 The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for
publication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise
credited in this paper.
Entered at the Pest off ice at Salens, Oregon, a Second-Class
Matter. . Published every morning except Monday. Busineu
office SIS S. Commercial Street.
Pacific Coast Advertising Representatives: -
Arthur W. Stypss, Ine, Portland, Security Bldg.
San Francisco, Sharon Bldg.; Los Angeles, W. Pac. Bldg.
Eastern Advertising Representatives r
. Ford-Parsons-Stecher, Inc., New York, 271 Madison Ave.;
Chicago, 350 N. Michigan Ave.
nr
u Willamette Free of Pollution
THE septic tank salesmen are
reports so far made by the
stream pollution in the Willamette valley. The bass Iisner
men will find their kick about
ing badly blunted. The engineers, headed by Dean Harry
S. Rogers of the state college, have found there is a great
abundance of oxygen in the water, which is one of the most
important tests. They are working down stream after start
ing at headwaters near Cottage Grove. Above Albany the
oxygen measured 9 parts to a million parts of water; below
Albany the test showed 8.7 parts of oxygen. When it is con
sidered that in water with 2 parts oxygen fish life is fully
sustained, it is seen that the
is Pretty much bunk.
No report has been made yet on the baccflli count be
cause that must be done in laboratory and not in the field.
That is an important factor in determining water contami
nation.
For years the cities along
threatened with legislation or regulation forbidding their
. running sewage into the river. The costs of modern disposal
plants are enormous and the cities rebelled at what they
feared would be back-breaking bond issues. The preliminary
results of this scientific study are therefore reassuring to city
officials at Eugene, Corvallis and Albany, because they think
they will now escape any compulsory process to install septic
tanks. The situation so far as Salem is concerned awaits
further report; but it is not probable that the water here will
test much different than just below Albany because of the
entrance of the large volume of the Santiam at Jefferson.
How Albany feels about it is indicated in the following
comment in the Albany Democrat-Herald :
"The findings of the- oxygen test, however, will be good news
to Albany, which was facing the necessity of expending a vast sum of,
money, a sum somewhere between $250,000 and 1500,000 if the sur
vey should disclose a puliation saturation to the point where it en
dangered fish life. Medical experts. Idealists and sportsmen were
combining in a movement to require the Willamette valley cities and
towns to close the mouths of their sewers and run their sewage
through purification plants before dumping It Into the river. No
doubt, too. they would succeed, if the survey should afford them a
peg on which to hang their cause, for to such organizations the lives
of a few bass, carp and catfish are more valuable than the backs of
human taxpayers. But when the survey shows that above and below
Albany the Willamette river water Is saturated with oxygen Instead
of pollution, these Don Quixotes do not have much of a case. We
should say that tk? expenditure of such a vast sum of money as
would be necessary to connect' Albany's widely separated eight or
nine sewers along a front of several miles would be 111 advised, should
serious sewage pollution be discovered."
Unrest Over the Tariff
CITING the conflicting demands on congress with regard
to tariff schedules and the opposing interests of differ
ent industries and classes, the Oregonian comments:
These new forces have done much to wipe out the old line di
viding the high and low tariff parties a line which was already
much blurred. Some republicans and democrats continue to fight
the tariff battle oh that old line, but on every issue regarding a par
ticular industry there are likely to be members of both parties on
both sides. The difficulty of passing a blU through the senate, then
of bringing senate and house into agreement, will be greatly Increas
ed, with a possibility that, if they should agree, the bill may be such
that President Hoover cannot approve it. This would be caused by
the increased complexity of the tariff problem since the United States
has begun to export manufactures by the millions of dollars in com
petition with the great manufacturing nations.
It is indeed a bewildering situation. Happy are those
like Congressman Hawley whose naive faith in the virtues
of a protective tariff is not disturbed'by the great economic
shifts of the past two decades. Those whose mind-set was
fixed in the great McKinley-Hanna days of 1896 and 1897,
still cling to the protective tariff as the ark of the covenant.
The tariff and the tariff alone have brought prosperity to
America.
Here is Senator Moses from New Hampshire, long ben
eficiary of protection. He protests that increases in tariff
on foodstuffs to benefit the farmer will increase living costs
in the industrial east; so he opposes the increase on farm
." products. Here is Senator Brookhart howling that increases
on manufactures more than take away the benefits which
the new tariff promised the farmer.
' .One thing is clear that in the welter of diverse demands
and the confusion of ideas, the chances are slim for a con
structive tariff to be enacted. The prevailing dissatisfaction
with methods of tariff making cause the people to lose faith
in its virtue, as well as in the virtue of its makers. The Ore
gonian hints that the final draft of the tariff may be un
worthy of presidential approval. Its comments and the gen
eral unrest over the tariff situation support the position tak
en by The Statesman that it is time for a. revision of the
traditional attitude toward the tariff in the light of changed
conditions, notably the shift from a debtor, to a creditor nation.
Bridles of Newsprint
fXNCE again the newspapers are "harnessing the Colum-
J bia." This old river is threatened with saddle and bridle
JTT-S3fenbut it still goes unvexed to the sea. The
water is there?" tfte fall is there. . The money isn't. The
money isn't because the demand for the product isn't. Time
to come the Columbia will probably be harnessed, but when
it is, it will be harnessed by corporations that know just what
they are about, or by the government, not by the newspapers.
' One such development is fairly in prospect at Bock Isl
and, below Wenatchee, where the Puget Sound Power and
Light company announces it will put in a power development.
Farther, down the river is Priest Rapids. Numerous filings
have been made on this power site, and considerable money
has been spent on engineering work. But all the ventures
have fallen through because the demand for power was not in
sight. That is all that holds back the Umatnia rapids pick
ject or others on the river. There must be an assured mar
ket for the power at compensatory rates before capital will
be available for the great outlay involved.
Recently new organization was formed to exploit the
Grand Coulee development on the Columbia above Wenatchee.
There is virtually nothing such a booster club can do because
millions are not expended on booster club resolutions. CoL
Hurfi Cooper of "Keokuk dam fame, tried to promote this
Grand Coulee project years ago in connection with the Co
lumbia Basin irrigation project but engineers turned it down.
Cooner for a ; long time had
O'Reille river at Box canyon
developed them because he lacked the market for the power.
- Power development and
go hand in hand. The northwest nas the potential par;
getting quite a jolt in the
engineers who are studying
destroying the river for fish
agitation about river pollution
the Willamette have been
power nghts up on the Fend
and 7 canyon, but he never
industrial development have to
Another Amazing Endurance
r HCW KEr Ay
I GOMG UKB t DO I J?
and decade by decade it will be utilized. It is very good for
newspapers o exploit these resources from time to time to
acquaint local people and the world of the magnitude of this
reservoir of power that is available ; but type and newsprint
will not of themselves bridle the "white horses" of our rivers.
BITS for BREAKFAST
-By R. J. HENDRICKS
The Bits man agrees - .
With George Putnam In moat
of what he said in a couple of re
cent editorials in the Capital
Journal barring his flings at
prohibition enforcement officials
and the movement directed along
the right lines to make prisons
self supporting.
S
The Baumes law principle la
not the correct one, but It is per
haps the best that can be had for
a time In the way of providing
for the detention of "habitual
criminals". 'The Bits man be
lieves .along with every student
of penology, in indeterminate
sentences absolutely. It is
wrong to deal out prison terms
like administering pills; so many
years for this, that or the other
offense with different Judges
like different doctors giving more
or less; some of them double or
quadruple doses as compared
with the homeopathic prescrip
tions of others.
. li
There should always be hope
held before every person convict
ed Jbt crime whatever the crime.
Tne time or service snoum de
pend upon reformation; or ability
to become a self supporting and
useful member of society. And
this should be left to men who
are competent to judge and give
wise decisions. Principally, It
should be left to the men who
have charge of the prisons, and
these should be fitted for form
ing Just conclusions.
S
Our schools of higher learning
should have courses In penology
and criminology, and no man or
woman not understanding the
rules of these sciences should be
employed to administer the laws
against crime from the consta
ble or policeman to the men in
charge of the prisons and reform
atories and those sitting on the
benches of the judges, from the
lowest to the occupants of the
places on the supreme courts.
S W
But there is no good reason
why prisons should not be self
supporting. The highest class
one in the United States, at Still
water, Minn., is self supporting.
And it teaches trades. And It
teaches the school branches. And
it pays wages to all who work,
giving the means to keep families
together on the outside, or for
those without families to 'have
stakes upon release. This makes
for reformation. The Bits man
believes employment Is the basie
principle of reformation. All
other rules revolve around this.
The revolving fund law of the
Oregon state penitentiary was
copied largely from that of Min
nesota, it is working towards
the point of self support, and In
dustrial training and education
and wages for all Inmate. It has
a better basts than that of If tune,
sota, because the principal raw
product, flax, la grown here at
home, while those for the Still
water Institution, alsal and man.
Ha hemp, tor making hinder
twine gad rope, come from Mex
ico and the Philippines. But the
Stillwater prison turns out farm
macninery and implements;- too.
and other manufactures. So does
the Oregon prison, including ag.
ricuiturai time, nas pumnr ana
scutching machines, etc., adthis
list is capable ef being much ex
tended, aad no doubt will be
much extended In time.
w W -The
Stillwater prison
started off with a huge appro
priation and a still larger credit
hj Ue state) Cor the par.
rr J JT
chase of raw materials, etc. The
Oregon prison is now making its
own way, and will be able to
come to full support in a few
years, from earnings, besides pro
viding the large capital required
to equip and carry on Its indus
tries two, three or four or more
million dollars.
S V
The Oregon prison should have
a new site, with at least 1500
acres of good land, and with
buildings arranged to make It
comparable to a large factory
operation; or an Industrial city.
This could all be provided now,
from the money secured from the
sale of the present property, that
is In tne city limits of salem, to.
gether with a loan of money like
that secured for the new state of
fice building
m
And without any appropriation
whatever from the general taxes.
That is to say. the prison, under
competent management, under
the present revolving fund law, is
capable of providing itself with
an adequate plant and ample
equipment of the best type, and
at the same time grow into full
self support, with only the,usual
appropriations' for maintenance
for the next three or four or five
years. And very soon thereafter
to go onto a system under which
every worser would get a wage, I
. . . . -f
oua every one migat iearn a
trade and have schooling.
S
Of course, an absolutely Inde
terminate sentence system would
result in keeping some prisoners
all their lives short or long. But
in none would the encouragement
of hope be cut off. There would
always be' the chance for reform;
for a prisoner to fit himself for
the duties and responsibilities of
law abiding citizenship. The
"hitch" would be taboo. There
would be no one year or two year
or other hitch, to be repeated by
second time or third time losers,
and then extended for life by
fourth time losers .
"k
But the number of habitual
criminals, or men so called. In
proportion to the whole number,
is small. It la -not more than 15
per cent in Minnesota; and it will
grow smaller with all the rules
of modem penology practiced.
There are no "natural born"
criminals, excepting the physical,
ly handicapped in wrong environ
ments. A person with very low
mentality, if constantly surround
ed by good influences,. wUl be
law abiding. If in a bad environ
ment, he is very likely to commit
crime.
The habitual criminal is gen.
orally of low mentality. There
are practically no second time
losers among men convicted of
manslaughter, or even of murder
In the second degree. They are
usually men who under different
environment would not have been
given the temptation te become
killers. They are the most trust
worthy of aH prisoners, as a
class.
- Oregon Is among the low states
In prison population per capita.
It win grow more so. with the
proper handling of the lnstltn.
Uoa for the feeble minded, and
the working out of the Industrial
and reformatory system, with an
that wUl follow, under the re
volving fund law." And, while
that Is not the mala tad, this will
relieve the general taxpayer
wholly and for all time from the
support of the Oregon peniten
tiary. And It wul save a larger
aggregate to the general public
In the reduction of - losses - and
charge through crime,' that ex
Record
r mi
tend la one way and another to
every family and each Individual:
for the innocent suffer more than
the guilty from this burden.
which Is at the same time the
greatest heartache and the larg
est expense or any one thing in
this country, and in most ite not
au other countries.
Harvest Halts
Grange Meeting
Until October
McCOT. August 7 The McCoy
grange win have no more meet
ings nntll October because of har
vest. The meetings do mot have a
large attendance when all the
farmers are so busy with harvest
ing their crops.
Ml
Hh Freinidhi
M. Buff Morrison Masonic Temple
Ten Years Later
XU TV foltovin article y ml
Sleek, a Gtxmaa ampaptr writer
m prMai a t vrui pt e
ttrmn i Hit sat at tk Tvrte -tiatioos
tfcia yra. pper4 neeatlr i
tW Brliaw TUt. It wsa limUV
c a4 MBal te this etrr fcr tta
Urine Ag bA U a iatnMtiag state
nt of Garaua epfaioa "tea years 1
ter.1 Editor.
It Is cooler today than it was
on that May morning In Versailles,
ten years ago. when we were wait
ing la the Hotel dee Reservoirs
for the officer who was going to
take us through the park to the
Trianon. The tops of the trees
were waving fresh and green in
the warm sunlight and the grass
waa dotted with bright clumps of
spring flowers. On a balcony on
the other side of the park fence
that we. were passing a brightly
colored bird was chirping in aig
cage. The world looked so young
and lovely that it seemed as if we
were going to a wedding and not
to a funeral. But In spite of the
politeness of our cheerful military
attendant we were in the depths
of despair, for we knew that in
the next few hours Germany's
freedom would be dead and
buried.
What will become of us?' one
of us Inquired in a low voice as
wo passed the singing bird In his
cage, and someone else answered
bitterly, 'We shall be like that
bird
None of us will ever forget the
next hour we passed in the Tria
non. Around a big horseshoe ta
ble sat the delegates, tforae gatly
bedecked la guttering uniforms,
others attired in elegant frock
eoata. Europe, Asia, and America
were there; white faces and black
and yellow heads, patriarchal
beards, smoothly- shaven profiles
It waa an assembly represents
lire of the entire world, the en
tire world ranged against Ger
many Polite greetings, cordial hand
shakes, and a victorious air of
triumph, particularly among the
representatives of the little na
tions, which hoped to increase
their statures today. In the mid
dle sat the Big Three Wilson,
Lloyd George, and Clemenceau.
In the dim gray light they looked
like the judges of the dead in
Hades Eacua, Minos, and Rha-
damanthus. But they were not
judges of the dead; they were pre
sumptuous lawgivers to the living
and the arbiters of a living na
tion's destiny. At that time the
German world was not aware of
the political discord that prevailed
among these three men. To b
sure, there were hints and rumors
of the fact that we know so well
today that Clemenceau had to
fight hard to get his demands
and that the other Allied leaders
bowed to his brutal will reluctant
ly, and that la spite of their ap
parent unity certain psychological
differences could be recognized
even on that fatal 7th of May.
Lloyd George comported himself
cheerfully and Jovially; Wilson
was stiff and uneasy, while Cle
menceau sat In the middle look
ing stern and unbending. I shall
TTr Y
welcome juegi
and Auxiliary Member
Put in Their i
Smart Appearance
MODELS suggesting every subtle new detail of
the important fall season! The new Prin
cess silhouette that is taking; the country by
storm. The longer skirt. Satin frocks of con
trasting colors. A remarkable group at one price.
always remember him sitting
there with hie hands, in heavy
gray gloves, planted on the table
as he said, The hour for the great
reckoning Is at hand.
But, before he said this, the
German delegates had been led In
to the room and the entire assem
bly roe to greet them as they
rook their appointed places at the
horseshoe table. It was a superb
show. Six Germans against the
world and outside all the way
from the sunny park of Versailles
to the banks of the Rhino victor
Ions armies and. threatening can
non. What happened In the bitter
weeks that followed is history.
And we kept remembering that,
in spite "of all agonizing sorrow
and burning shame that we few
Germans were suffering In Ver
sailles, we were far better off than
the starving and miserable folk
at home. Our dally labors occu
pied our minds entirely. We for
got the darkness that lay behind
us and most of us were consoled
by an optimistic hope that It was
not possible for Germany to go
under completely.
The few opportunities that we
had to talk unofficially with
everyday people strengthened this
hope. The Germans in Versailles
were fenced oft from the French
population as it they were a tribe
of cannibals being exhibited to
civilised Europeans. Wherever
we went officers and police ac
companied as. and only on rare
occasions. when we walked
through the park at Saint Cloud,
were we able to see the promised
land of Paris in the distance. Even
so, they could not prevent us dur
ing our dally walks from meeting
workers or members of the middle
class who were not politicians or
police, but simple men like our-
h selves. Much hatred, much mis
understanding, many tears and
objurgations sti.ll separated
France and Germany, but men of
good will felt a desire to under
stand each other. Only when the
French Press considered it neces
sary to inflame public opinion
against the vanquished and to ap
ply pressure did it seem as if the
fury of the War still lived on. We
had a taste of this one evening
when the citizens of Paris were
informed that negotiations had
been broken off and that the Ger
man delegation whs going home.
On that occasion, the doors of our
hotel had to be bolted in the face
of a howling mob, while we were
hurriedly escorted to another ho
tel reserved for us, bombarded on
the way by beer-pads and accom
panied by the threats and execra
tions of harmless waitresses.
But that evening was an excep
tion. There were also pleasant
experiences which showed that
our late enemies felt a spontan
eous respect for ns. I do not
know whether It has already been
related elsewhere, but It will do
no harm to repeat once more the
story of how half a dozen German
journalists put the ribbon of the
Iron Cross in their buttonholes
onnairess
mm
75
tSE(Dp
Just hefore the Peace Treaty was
signed, under the very eyes of the
Allied officers. Thy had been ir
ritated and their nerves were on
edge at having been surrounded
so long by the uniforms of the
victors and the trappings of war
for every mUitary color from'
khaki to horizon blue was bem;
worn. Finally, one of theonrca!
ists, a Socialist, remarkeWthat ha
regretted that he had lemhis Iroa
Cross in Germany. But another
one ef them had a black and white
ribbon in his pocket which he cut
into half a dozen pieces and di
tributed. The French officer 1;i
charge loosed astonished. Ever
one laughed at these decorat
Oils, j
Irvw 1
UH-t 1
Tne uermans, however, d
themselves up and, at a o
wuiu ui cuiuuiauu, iiuck mem m ;
their buttonholes. The French
man raised his fingers to his head
and saluted the enemy's Insignia.
Usually I lay small store by the
bright trappings of war and, fur
thermore. I was long past the mil
itary age, but this scene at t!
signing of the Versailles Treaty
pleased me enormously. At such
a time it was more than a naive
demonstration.
Ten years have now passed and
the once forbidden city of Paris
is trow swarming with a peaceful
German invasion and the unde
livered speech of Count Brock-dorff-Rantzau
is a leading article
in the Berliner Tageblatt. The
speech la an historical document
of lasting importance. It is tii
work of a great statesman and it
expresses the opinions and desires
that one of the best men in Ger
many felt ten years ago. It is a
vain task now to inquire whether
things would have been different
If the government had followed
Brockdorff-Rantzau's wishes and
refused to ratify the Versailles
Treaty. The entire German peo
ple now stands united behind this
decision, but it was cot united in
1919. In all the dire distress that
followed the signing of the Treaty
at least one thing was preserved
that otherwise would have fallen
asunder the German nation. We
have had to fight so hard In the
past ten years and we still hare so
much to bear that our progress
remains slow. The journey from
the Trianon to the Hotel Georges
V in Paris has been a way of the
Cross with many stations, but we
live, we work, and we have the
right to hope that through our
work we can attain freedom once
again, for time is working with
us. In his preface to Tardieu's
book. La Paix, Clemenceau de
scribes an incident at the begin
ning of the peace negotiations
that roused the choleric old man
to a raging fury. Just as the ne
gotiations had begun, a German
delegate dared to say in the pres
ence of the Allies that they must
not allow the sickness of victory
to Infect any debate. 'The con
ference vras not broken up!' thun
dered Clemenceau. ''The. delirious
brute T.'as not even asked to apol
ogize.' If a Frenchman were to address
a German representative in such
terms today, he would not only
have the whole world against
(Continued on Pa IS.)
1.15 N. High Su
n
It