The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980, December 17, 1925, Image 10

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The Oregon statesman., December 17, 1925, Page 10, Image 10

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Newspaper Page TextALEM M TO WmMME SIXTH CONSECUTIVE YEAR I : -I'ii The Statesman will publish and award a prize each week for the best essay submitted by a grade school pupil on the industries . . ., - . scheduled on this page. THER.HAS NEVER BEEN OF BLACKBERRIES PUT UP THAN OUR PACK That Is the Verdict of Cannerymen and Other Authorities, j Says Prof. Schuster of the Oregon Agricultural Col-! . - lege How to Cultivate and Prune and Train Them j A Number of Varieties, But the Evergreen Is the Great est of Them All for Our Section i-The canning of blackberries has been .expanding verEjajidly dur ing - the laatfew. years, and the licrry principally, concerned in this tlesplsed Evergreen '"'blackberry, i Record la tfloCnsef,Jin and otb jrrs familiar with the canned prod uct there1 nerer' has been a better pack of blackberries put up than hat of the Pacific Northwest, the bulk of which ia composed of this wild Evergreen blackberry. U Acreage is Increasing ' ; In the Puyallup ralley of Wash ington a considerable acreage Is cultivated in connection with the other cane fruits. In Oregou we find an increase in acreage of Ev ergreen blackberries under culti vation, but Btill the bulk or the canned goods comes from the wild patches. The total acreage of Ev-: ergreens in cultivation is veryj small In this state. Everyone t 'knows the. wild n.vergreen. as it is gathered over most of the sections. but probably most. profusely in the( valley next to the coast. Here under cool summer conditions. witb an an abundance of moisture the blackberry develop .at its. best. ' The. patches arc usually situated near a stream where drainage is! .good, but moisture abundant throughout the summer. In culti vation, conditions -approximating that should be considered. For all that they grow well along thei streams with abundant moisture. they are not found in a thrifty condition when growing on water logged soil. Often they will be found to have started in water logged soils, but the vines are not vigorous, and the 'fruit is often seedy. They Are Heavy Feden ' The cane fruits are invariably Tonnd to be heavy feeders, and I he blackberry is not the least of them. Rich, fertile, soil, that is deep enough to hold moisture well affords Ideal conditions, f It Is due to the abundance of . the wild berry that so little has been done with the cultivated jlantlngs in this state. With lUWdra4iS-tM-awiiable for the ptekjBg,.JL.Jw -.aaUrally limited t iho tendency td'plant blackberries. Jlkhy4a?ttjtft,oontatlon among the cannerymen as to whether or not the cultivasAi blackberry is ' superior to the wtUU-Jjerry- Xne "price of the cultivated stock is reguiaiea oy ine coi or oDtatn Ing tbe wild .berry, and therefore fof-some time to come the profits in. raising Evergreen blackberries will necessarily be low, but from the fact that the blackberry bears heavily, and regularly.-the profits should be regular each year. s Other BlackberrW Besides the Evergreen black berry there is a place for tbe Mammoth blackberry or the Cory's Tbornlees, but not in the canning industry. The market for theoe fwo berries will be in the fresh, early trade. There is no other va riety so earl-, so large, and at tractive as these berries. For lo cal trade there is a regular sale -for them each season. Then a .sain these berries should have a great er, place in the home garden than they. have. ,; "Ripening about the tjnm of the loganberry, they af . ford an early summer fruit that - fa delicious. . - .; The C'ory'n Thornless is a bud- tport of the Mammoth variety. It i5 t apperently : identical , to the MamniotM in all respect, except its comparative freedom from thorns. It is reported that the Cory's Thornless often Tevcrts to the thorny condition of the Mam moth. A man might plant Cory's Thornless aad some. time in the future find that he has 'gradually obtained a planting of the Mam moth blackberry. This is very of ten, the condition found witt hud sporU. ,- . . ' . - ; i. According to Darrow, of the U S. department of Agriculture, and meov according to the two years' test at the 'Oregon Agricultural . college station, the Mammoth A BETTCR PACK blockberry Is fcelf-sterile. bnt ap parently readily cros pollenszes with any other blackberry bloom ing at the same time. It can be expected that the Cory's Thorn less will behave in a similar mari ner. Still Other Varieties A few other varieties that are frequently found in small quan tities in tbe Willamette valley es pecially, are ,the Himalaya and Australian blackberries. Both of them are of tbe EvergYeen type, vigorous growers, with heavy pro duction. The" canned product is inferior to that of the--Evergreen, and the berries when' they first tnrn back are very sour, and are not readily palatable until the fruit is too softjor shipping. The varieties grown in the east, like the Iawton and Kittatiny. find very little place out here. With the lighter yields common to these varieties and low prices available for cannery stock, it is difficult to compete with the Kvergreens. especially .since they are not so good for canning. For frcnh trade thero is an opening, as they are undoubtedly superior to tbe other berries, ripening at that time. The planting and culture does not vary from that needed for any other cane fruit. One of the mis takes most often noted is that of overcrowding. The Mammoth and Cory's Thornless are planted at the same distances advocated for loganberries; that is. 8 to 9 feet between the rows, aud from 8 to 10 feet between plants in the row. Evergreen Xceds IJoom The Evergreen blackberry re qnires greater distance, not less than nine' feet between the rows, and from 12 to 16 feet in th row between the plants. Nothing is gained by crowding in more- plants. Crowding will simply mean more work in the pruning, cultivation, and other practices, and at the same time produce, as a rule, poorer quality of berries. Concentrating the moisture and food supply inlo a few plants will allow a production of just as tp?ny berries at a le?s cosf.'artd berries usually of a better 'quality; Tie Australian will require as much space as' tbe Evergreen, while foe Himalaya will undoubtedly ued more. It is" probably t he most yjg:-. , orous grower of -all- these" black-; berries, and as it is being dissem inated to a considerable extent in the wild stage, the rommon Ever green blackberry.: "mat possibly have a rival as a nuisance in pas tures or other places. - lr uning and Training Pruning and training the Ever-1 green type of blackberry is a job no one desires. It needs heavy! gloves and good protection for other parts of ..the body; Taking out the old canes is the first step, i This can be done any time after the canes have ceased bearing. Some men maintain it is best to do it immediately after bearing, while others doubt it. The Ever green has a tendency to bear somewhat on the -bid canes. The Himalaya shows this to a greater extent, and 'patciHik-ot, Himalaya have been growa" for years with out renewing the canes elear back to the ground, as "is done with other cane fruits. The older, canes are themselves thinned out some what, but new growth Is develop ed from the old canes, instead of altogether from the crown. Renew Thorn Each Year . For commercial production the plants, except possibly the Hima laya, should be renewed each year. From eight to IJ new canes to a hill, win usually :b left for the Mammoth and the; Cory black berry, and from lo to 16 for the others. ' , Trailing Practices Tbe Mammoth blackberries are trained on trellises, as with the loganberry.. Evergreens, as a rule, are seldom treated. At least, one set of douMqjea areAnsual ly Bsed for his berry. These are from IS to 20 inches apart, and THE DAILY STATESMAN dedicates one full page each week in the interests of one of the fifty-two basic industries of the Salem district. Letters and articles from boosters are solicited. This is your page. Help boost Salem. are spread and held their distance by slats of that length. The canes are trained over and under these slats. In some cases a similar set Of wires is used for the young cane to keep them, off the ground, and from injury by tramping. They may be transferred to the upper set later, or they may be left so tbe bearing canes will be on the upper set of wires one year and the lower set the following years. Other growers always place the bearing canes on the lower set with the idea of shading the fruit. The first practice or hav ing the bearing canes along the upper set of wires is generally in practice. The upright varieties need' no trellis, but are selp supporting, or are merely tied together ' in clumps. They are headed back 'to tnree to four feet in height, and allowed to fruit in that positfon. -C. E. SCHUSTEK. (Prof. Schuster, who wrote the above especially for The States man, is assistant horticulturist of the Oregon Agricultural college, and an excellent authority. Kd.j IB MAKE PRETTY T The Older the Vines Grow, the More Evergreen Black berries They Yield Editor Statesman: The Willamette valley is one of the most suitable places in thu world for growing th blackberry, and few people have awakened to th'fact that it is a profitable business. , : I am a local-grower here, havinc three acres of blackberries which! yield me irt tons to the acre. Mv i patch .is now seven years old, and I have found so far it yields more berries the older it grows. Never did you see a prettier sight than long rows of the ripen ed fruit glistening in the sun shine ready, to b gathered. A crop of this kind is so much if demand by cannery men. The tips for planting can be gotten from the growers and are planted in the spring in rows 9x1 U feet a Dart. Th nnt in co 1 ject apart, nnd I find two wires oetier than three s-uch as I use in trellissing the logan berries. Pays for Cultivating The more cultivating one does the larger and nicer the berry be comes making a berry hard to beat, which cannery men are desirous of obtaining. Then again a berry well fared for gives no trouble to obtain help to pick. Sinre these berries' grow in large clusters, and do not fettle jn the boxes after: being- pickCana1 are not - scattered through jtljej 4ujjies, the ; PtskerJiave nmSmUi keeping thetr boxe-"we!I Tilled.' We have no pests to spray ror so. consequently, we do not have to bother with that. T. B. MORGAN. Salem, Rt. S. llx 70, Dec. 14. 1925. (City address, 1140 Court St.) S Sheep of C. P. Kizer of Har risburg MakeJmDortant Winnings irt-Chicago (The Pacific Homestead, Salem, has the following jtem: ) We have reefched a report of the awards at the International Livestock Show; recently held at Chicago, and among the awards as listed for the Oxford sheep we findjhat C. P. Klzer. Harrisburp. Oregon, won first on flock, first on pen of three ewe lambs, first and second on ewe lamb, first and fourth on yearling ewes, reserve champion on a ewe lamb, and then followed ap and landed champion on a yearling ewe. Mr. Kizer has been exhibiting at our western shows and winning here, but this is the first time he has ventured out at the big national show. He has a right to be proud In winning the highest honor In the show. Good for yon, Charlie! S HVfST OREGON OX FORDS WIK GOOD AWARD SEND A COPY EAST THIS WEEK'S SLOGAN DID YOD KNOW that Marion county produces about half the Evergreen blackberries in Oregon, that I'olk county is next, Yamhill county third and Linn county fourth, giving the Salem district nearly all of the acre age of this most important crop; that there are chances for immense development in this great pie berry in dustry here; that it is an important link in diversified agriculture; that there is profit in growing Evergreen blackberries, and an empire here in extent suitable for their growth, and that new comers will do well to study the importance of this berry in their schemes of production? Dates of Slogans in Daily Statesman (In Twice-aWeek Statesman1 Tallowing Day) (With a few possible changes) loganberries, October 1 lr ii new. October 8 Dallying. October 13 Flax, October '-ia Filberts, October 2 Walnuts, Novembers ---Strawberries, November I'm Apples, November 10 Itaspberrkai, November 20 Mint. December 3 limns. Etc., IVcomber 10 BIacklerries, December 17 Cherries, December Pears, 1 "eeinbcr SI (JooseJberries, January 7, 1023 Corn, January 1 1 Ortcry, January 21 Spinach, Ktc, January 28 Onions, Etc., Fe!tnary 4 Potatoes, Ftc, February 11 Ilecs, February I Poultry and Pet Stock, Feb. 2. City Beautiful. Etc., March 4 tircat Cows, March 1 1 , lBVHl Highway. Mrt?h 18 Head Lettuce, Margh .1&., , hilo, Ktc., April 1 legume, April H Asparagus, lkc, April 15 4 ;res, KU, AprU 22 Drug (,arUeu, April 2! PR3DUGTIDN OF BLACKBERRIES FDR HOI USE IS DISCUSSED Iff EXPERT The Major Problem Is Freedom From Insect Pests In Providing Against the Bugs the Thing is to Make the Job Thorough One Question Is Put Up to Other Growers flty C. J. McIXTOSH) , It just happens or is it a wise , provision of nature? that the ' very thing that helps solve the hiajor problem ot good -black berry production likewise is one of the important things. tf solution me minor prouiems. ,xnat.is. laa- itation. - other wiawf successful "I production- -of blackberries for 'insure that more of the burrowing home use has proved in my ex-..lAoi-es sjape and mature ifito perience so influential as freedom adults that will sting the young from insect injury. Possibly iu j ones later. Likewise they are cut larger planting grown on a. com- j close to tbe root, which causes the menial scale tor the cannery or I borers and maggots infesting snipping, tne sou ana water and culture and disease problems our weigh the insect-control problem. But certainly they do not equal it in small plantings, at least in my experience. And thus it is that the very pro cess of cleaniug up thepatiii in I thA . . ! 1 1.-. - M. Jt .1 A ' "V" ' " 7"u," "u" "- tion o the old canes, by raking i ap and burnm? or turnmg under ? deep the leaves along with the ; weeds and grass if they have been , luc nuuiiiier cnutvation. anu the "rough" plowing or spading that exposes grubs and" eg ol 'various kinds of birds and freeiing weath er, is the thing that helps pro- mm "vii "ui ivrri nun. K.INMI tilth the followlns aorliiir. rnnvi.r aion of organic matter Into plant food form, and development of good water holding capacity. - Some of the insect pests that sap the plants and rednce the quality and yield of the crop bur row in the rane. om in the t earth, and some lodge ' in the weeds aud grass among the vines or in the fence rows. Hence it Is that just one or two5 of tue l'ssen tial cultural practices- are not enough to do away with the evils Sugar lieets. Sorghum, Etc., .'lay 0 Water Powers, May 13 Irrigation, Mmv 20 Mining, May 27 Land, Irrigation, Ktc, June 3 Floriculture, June lt Mops, Cabbage, Etc.. June 17 Wholesaling and Jobbing, June 24 Cucumbers, Etc, July 1 Hogs, July 8 Goats, July 15 Schools, Etc., July 22 Sheep, July 20 National Advertising, August 5 Seeds, Etc., August 12 livestock, August 10 Grain and Grain Products, Aug ust 26 Manufacturing, September 2 Automotive Industries, Septem ber 0 Woodworking, Etc., September Paper Mills, September 23 . (Uack. copies of the Thurs day edition of The Daily Ore gon Statesman are nand. They are fr aie at 10 cents ea-, mailed to any address. ,5 current copies 5 cents). of insect attack. All tht? processes already mentioned are vital and cannot be ignored. Not only must they be performed, hut per- formed thoroughly and at the right time. ot-UxiK Make JoT' iltorouEtr f ' - - r ' - u. v . . " i i( t ts ' -t ..k,: fftn,vi.tihVod hv. tu wic. oif anewiTWT Tmist be dfcl"v,n strains HtVAvtxf Wmnitiv w them to be removed and also nnt j the vines in good condition for clos and shallow cultivation. Because the cultivation must ; be shallow, close to tbe root to ' avoid damage to tne plants, it Is not wise to attempt to turn under the leaves and other waste close to the roots , have found it u better to gtart , gide of the garde wefl the vjnea and em th,eav antl olher waste Jg garlwge. into it. ITalne- th earth nerexary to cover this de posit oJ'"waste opens another sec tion of the pit, which is held open in sections all winter. This saves work and expense in removing great deal of plant food down deep where the dry-season crcps can find food and moisture in the summer. It also keeps the prem ises free from the odors of decay ing vegetation and food stuffs. Deep burying of course makes cer tain the utter destruction of any lingering plant Insects or diseases. One phaue of "sanitation" la rather beyond me and I should be glad to hear from other growers what they consider the best prao. tire injegard to it the training of the vines. Is it best to train them up to trellises in the fall and thus keep them off the ground, or permit them to lle'on the earth tor protection from the freezing weather? I hare been so much displeased with each ot these, methods that I 'have prac ticed them both and cussed 'em out about, equally. Of course I do not refer to the evergreen or other hardy varieties. Of late years I have been seek ing very early vigorous growth of vines with a letup in the late sum mer and fall, thertuy cevesoping a strong, sturdy stalk that will stand pretty well alone. Then by clipping off the leafy end in the fall and permitting the decapitat ed stalk to lean against a low tre7 Iis. leave it in a half recumbent position. (Mr.-, Mcintosh is the publicity Wan .at' the Oregon Agricultural college, but he write the above as a leaf out of his own experience in his own garden. Ed.) LOOk- The Salem Chickeries in; Forward to a Still Larger Business The .Salem Chickeries. C. N". Xeedham manager, is looking for ward to a much increased busi ness for the coming year. Though the organization sup plied 210,000 baby chicks to its customers last year customers scattered from the California poul try districts to Montana points and further. The history of the Salem Chickeries. runs back to 1918. "when a small group of poultr--nicii in the Salem district organ zed to supply the ever increasing demand of western states with lepehdable, standard bred baby hicks. Starting the first year with less, than 15.000 baby chicks, the bus iness grew steadily until dur ing the 1925 season tiie organi sation sold 21 o. 000 chicks to its ustomers. . H-oviiig t'oii.stuntly The organization is growing constantly. There are now over men and women associated in the enterprise, and every one is a thorough poultry breeder, and vitally interested in the success f the Salem Chickeries and In the solid growth of the poultry industry in this section. The parent birds or breeders used by the organization are from carefully inspected flocks, and eypry bird, is a vigorous, well. nred producer, and curries the ruicol The chicks are expertly hatched and carefully graded, assuring big Wealthy youngsters that will de velop into sturdy layers and breeders. " The Salem ChicKeries is able to supply Us customers with any quantity of chicks, from 25 to sev eral thousand at one shipment, ( Continued' on pass 11) HELPIMG PDULTRY IHSTIff TO GROW Blanks That Are Legal ,Wt eany ta stock orer 11? legal blank goltei to most any bosLeM l7el WJ?7 h?Te -,nj,t tte.fpfm-jrou looktaf for at a big nn m comparM to made to order forma.. Some of the forms: Contract of Sa Road Notice, WiU forma, Ass! m yVrt.Mortffage forms, Quit Claim Deeds, Abstracts form, Jim or Sale, Building Contract, Promissory Notes, Installment Notes, General Lease. Power of Attorney,- Frune Books and Pads, Scale Re ceipts, Mc These forms are carefully prepared for the courts and priratt use.. Price on forms ranges from 4 cents to 16 csnts apiece, and on nott books from 25 to 50 cent. The Statesman PublishiJig Co. For instance: Salem district has two counties growing the sacred myrtle the only place it grows on this continent. What unique f;act do you know about the district? Address articles care Statesman. THE SOLID PICK IS THE BIG TIG IN IE EVERGREEN H. A. Kerr of Dayton Has Found a Way to Handle the Wild Evergreen in a Way That Will Pay Well for theXabor and Make the Harvesting of Them a Less Heart breaking Task He Thinks Evergreen Growing Is Not Overdone (There is so much of, value in the following, a yead old,, that it is reprinted, for the benefit of new subscribers and it will probably do a lot of old subscrib ers good to reread it:) Editor Statesman: - There are numerous varieties of blackberries, but for me the Evergreen stands foremost. I have had considerable to do with Evergreens the past ten years. have found them to be a very pro lific, hardy berry, apparently thriving as well in a wild state as though cultivated, 'quality of soil being equal. Throughout this section of the country there are few cultivated fields but almost any quantity growing "promiscuously. T!perimenting a Iong Time My experiments are with and for the fellow who must endure them in his pasture. I decided long ago that the Evergreen was a profitable berry to grow, so I beun to experiment with those large clusters of vines. As all knuw-.sliers. Jheyro'- In such clusters, flld Canes being allowed to -accumulate, that it is very dif ficult 10 harvest. the fruit. So I took a brush scythe, a pair . ot pruners and heavy leather gloves, nor did I forget those old para fine pants. Has the vines will not catch and hang to thera! I cut and dragged out all the old canes, laid the new ones in rows, drove stakes -and put a pole along to hang the vines over, thus making runways through clusters, letting in light and sunshine, thereby in creasing the yield two or three times and making it possible to harvest the fruit. Xot Difficult to Do This may seem to some an end less task, but I found it not diffi cult to do if. I 'could work at it at just the right" time in the spring, and one is more than paid for his labor. I mention this, labor of caring for the Evergreens in their wild state because there are so many f them throughout the country; that could be handled profitably.' 1 T h e extra quantity available would. pay foe the labor besides the advantage gained in harreBtihg.r Tnltlvation is not necessary, neither is it necessary to try to save all thehew canes. Last, year I saw some vines y here; tbe berries had dried up just be fore ripening. The seed cells turned brown and looked blighted, but I saw no such where the old canes had been- removed and vines trained. The trained vines looked dark and green and thrifty, PRINTED AND FOR SALE BY LEGAL BLANK 11EADQUAKTEIC At Business Office, Ground Flo-' to Slogan Editor, ! , I 1 4 E wfaereas the others jwere lighter gijeen. ' ...... j Absolutely Solid Tack The Evergreen is1 probably the best known'Vifrlety ifor cunning1 and is, believe the only known, variety that will matte an abso lutely solid pack.' Vhat' I nxeaft by solid pack is1 that after 24 hours from the timejis is cooked, that the end can be removed from the can. juice drained, and the berries turned out in'a can almost as firm as a cake of cheese. This: is; why the Evergreen? is a favorite with piemakefs. I; The Pacific Northwest is per haps the only sectlbq of the coun try where this berry is known and thrives as well. ; j ' There is some competition in the blackberry business with the Texas blackberry, but in the east ern markets they pay 50 cents to a dollar a dozen ; more for the Evergreen berry. ! Solid pack iuaceji the differ ence. '' j j j" I believe as a -nile the Evcr- green berry aells for 2S to Cff, cents per dozen mbrfe in. the east ern markets than dries the logan berry At present -the blackberry business , is not overdone by anj f means. I have sold inanjtarloads of fruits and berries in the east ern markets, also Portland, Seatlo and San Francisco, but I never had any .worry about my business to advise or even suggest what is best to grow In the) berry line. I believe everyone should be fully persuaded in his own mind, but for me I would gfqw Evergreens in rich bottom so jl jund harvest a berry crop worth while. a. KEitn. Dayton. Dec. 15, Ore.. 1924. fin a private not 4 to the Slogan editor, not meant; fr publication, Mr. Kerr says: "1 am enclosing a Short article for iyjur slogan Is sue. I nave spent! a number of years ' growing smill 1 frnits ' and vegetables; have studied long and hard the beU metaods-of -canning and orierayntjaiMtaafhbJery.; have fcee'n able to' can the ocrn and. towatietbat ptake yoa- sit u n -and take notice U-alao th ln- ligaBberry. with, th! iaate thatjling r?rs,,and the 'Oh yon dill Rfckle, but my bars orf to the staple sales" of car lots i of Evergreen blackberries) ; J j j :i . , Klamath County; public service corporation assessment' is $3, 743.382. $1,348,11$ more than in .1921.- ! i:T :; i!! s ;: - - . ' BLftGKBERRY GAM r