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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 26, 1925)
., fir ;-.. THE:OREGON STATESMAN; SALEM, OREGON THURSDAY MORNING, NQYEMBER -20,11925 ALE M NBUSlltlES The; Statesman will publish and award a prize each week for the best essay submitted by a grade school pupil on the industries scheduled on this pagej if S SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR BEGINNERS Prof. Brown Writes Briefly, But Gives a Lot of Valuable Information Twice the Tonnage Possible in the East May Be Produced Here Four Tons of Cuthberts to the Acre Have Been Harvested in This District Some ; Timely Warnings j TVHtor Statesman: . j There Is not time enough at the . 'in' addition am underlaid with a disposal of , the . writer for a long 'j retentive subsoil which prevent paper oif the culture and handling of the red raspberry. Anyone in terested In going into this matter more deeply can do bo by writing for the Oregon Agricultural col lege experiment station circular Ko. 48. entitled "Cane Fruit In dustry iu Oregon." The idea of this article is -to help" t fie man without experience in red rasp berry growing to avoid some of tlje mistakes which are very com monly made and which may be verv disastrous in the long run The objects a grower has in i mind when setSing out a patch of j red raspberries are, naturally. rood yields, berries of high qual I-1 ity, and good returns. The begin ner, if be Is to be successful, must rhcose carefully climatic condi tions which are suitable for prow Ins; this- fruit, productive soils, verities which yield well and pay nnll, must obtain plants free from serious diseases and insect pests, and finally, select a location where cither a good market for fresh fmit can be' obtained, or where th berries ran be canned or shin In a frozen state.- In this connection, a prospective grower will do.well to consider the facili ties for cooperative market In? which the locality in which he is about to settle, has at its com mand. Perishable products such b the red raspberry can be ship ped to some distance better by a well organized cooperative selling j'.sociation than by private grow oT3, as a rule. .. Finally of course, fhe producer mu3t give careful at tention to the growing and the harvesting of fruit. In this article ihe writer will emphasize the first Tour of these factors. Climate. Generally speaking the climate of western Oregon In Vartielar i9 Almost Ideal for the successful growth of the red rasp berry. It has mild winters and rather cool slow growing sura- fiers. Under these conditions, the nnage produced per acre I twice hat produced In the eastern part 1 ii'il t! 1 mates-. So fa rJ cHwuJf-fws we cm to -ha very favqrable, bearing upon the :WHr6t'Of.nome of - - our nidsf serious diseases. There arehowever, a few dang er encountered jn this mild clim ate. First, and most Important Is the danger Of winter injury -Trie climate is so mild in the autumn that' the canes very fre- , nnfntly do not get thoroughly dor mint before winter time. In some years such as in December. 1324. .the cold is so severe that the , canes are seriously Injured.- If the i canes had had time to ripen up properly, they would not have been hurt as they were. What ear 1 done to avoid such injury? The answer corny in the selection of the site for the plantation. It has leen noted many times that the worst damage occurs, as a rule in lower places where the air ' drainage is not as good as it - r-bould be. When cold, air settles into a low place and remains stag nant there. he berries, growing in that locality are apt to be much . more severely injured than those , on the hillside where the cold air can flow-off, Thjs should be remembered when the Rite for the berry plantation is chosen. . 1 In the seconqplace, land should ie r thoroughly well drained .be cause plants growing upon poorly drained soil are not apt to be so Tigorous, in thir. growth ana at the same time, (hey may t k . .. . . - j: uormani as mey should p due ; to the . presence of wale: b round the roots. In such a case they are victims of the coJd mwrh ; more quickly than plants Vu well v drained srtes. Soils. Disappointment . in red raspberry growing is, probably most often traced to a poor selec . y , Hon or soils. ; The -red raspberry i loves a soil which !s deep, easily worked and' r ctentive of moisture s such as sandy loams which are not too light and Which contain ran i jidferablo amount of decayed teg' BV H1GH AUTHORITY feSKSS I (etaWo mntterrfr nun1"?', and which drying out. The subsoil, should not be 'a clay so heavy as to be impervious to water, and should J notbe nearer than three feet to the surface Gravelly subsoil often found alonp the river bottoms al lows a leaching both of moisture and fertility, consequently the yield is cut down and the berr'es very poor in finality and seedy. The deep friable loamy toils vbich at one time produced lardt fit trees, are also very good for the red raspberry, when the fertility and humus supply is properly kont up. Varieties. The Cuthbert is the main standby both for fresh and canned fruit. The quality of the berries is excellent and the yield very satisfactory when given good care. Four tons to the acre have been produced on some of the com mercial plantings in the stale, although from one and one-half to two tons to the acre is more nearly an average yield. By far, the largest per cont of the plant ings should b this --variety. - Marlboro ripens earlier in the season and for that reason length ens and spreads the pinking season when planted with Cuthbert., It yields fairly well but does not have the oualilv of the Cuthbert. It is best adapted for a local mar ket. The Red Antwerp has beet planted in some sections to a lim'ted extent, notably in western Washington. It is a good yielder a.nd excellent for a home market. but does not hold up well in the an- It does ma'te a verysatis- factory berry for shipping in" bar rels as is beinc proyen-at several shipping points.. The King is a prime favorite in the colder climates in the hi I Si dle west and may give success in some parts of Oregon where the Cuthbert is too tender. It is not such a favorite with tbe trade. ovrW$K as is the Cuthb e- Pjseae and Insect Pests. It is not the purpose of this article to ktHatff - tMirt d- descriptions of It is realized: however that,a warning must he ir, thata v ti'-iun Ug.-Sklsrpl anting stock in fested ' with some of our more serious diseases. The insects can practically all be controlled by spraying or other means. Some years ago a systematic disease called the raspberry yel- 'ows was diseovered in the.eastern nart of the United States. It has beea found recently on red rasp berry plantings in this state. It s a true mosaic disease affecting not only the red raspberry, but he loganberry, blackberry and the blackcap. There is no known enre for It. As soon as plants are dis covered infested with" thi3 trouble, they should be immediately pulled out and burned. The point that therlter wishes to make is that every precaution should be taken against the plant ing of Ptoek which may he Infest; ed with this trouble It is Im possible to tell whether : young plants obtained from a nursery have come from-- cider plants which bed -this diseasef Mr they have, the disease rwill be trans mitted to the young plants biJ-cause-it.ls carried in the sap from the old plant to the young1. plant before the young plant i cut off from the roots of the parent plant. It isiecessary, therefore, that one should be absolutely certain that these, young plants come from a J healthy plantation,.- When old plants', are dying out badly - or showing poor-vigor, it Is very poor practice to usfr strckers from them for planting, ir is very much bet ter for the grower in choosing the plants from which suckers are to be taken." to observe the growth and vigor of these plants,' and to note any symptoms on .'the leaves or canes, which might Jndicatothe presence of 'thediiea.se. "It is true that many tfmetlitisease can not be : recognized by ithoeanot familiar with It. . In such cases. It Is best to get a trained observer THE DAILY STATESMAN dedicates one full page each week in the interests of one of the fifty-two basic industries of the Salem district Letters and articles from boosters-are solicited. This is your page. Help boost Salem. to look at the plants. The Oregon Agricultural college experiment station circular So. 4 9, entitled "Mosaic ana otner Systematic be of great hcln to anyone who wishes to make careful observa tion on -plants. It should be remembered tliat healthy plants grown on good soils will give profitable yields for many years for a much longer time than in the eastern part of the United States but plants in fested with disease may never bear bear profitable 'crops. Even a fe,w infested plants will spread the trouble to the whole planfa t'on unless discovered early and rogued out. The begin r-er (and frequently the grower of experience) may well remember that a good start is often more than half the battle. w. S BROWX. Corvallis. Or.. Nov. 2.1. 192". (Prof. P.rown is the chief in horticulture of the Oregon Agri cultural collegp. fie is one of the beM rjualified men in the country in his field. Ed.) This Gives Us a Virtual Val uable Franchise on Black Raspberries Here (The Oregon Agricultural col rr;e, fu a late bulletin ( 1 925 ). has the following very valuable infor mation affecting the persistence of black raspberries here, since thev persist no where else:) The lllack liaspbrrrit "Plum Parmer and Munger black raspberries are moat in de mand at this time. "Most cane fruits are self-fer J tile-under Oregon conditions, and the matter of cross pollination if therefore of little importance. "New plants of the black rasp berry start readily from the tip of the new shoots. Yor this pur pose, the growing tips of the shoots should be imbedded in soi from two and a half to three inch es, just before the fall rains begin "Red and black raspberries commence fruiting the second year but require three to four years to reach full maturity. Duration of Plantation '.'The factors that determine the number of years a cane fruit plan tation will last are not entirely understood, but when given PXft-J per attention and kept free from Insect pests and diseases the ch fruits in this state seem to, be UXUSl-ALLY LONG LIVED? Black and red raspberry plantings known to be fifteen ajid twenty years old are still thrifty and productive. Evergreen and Himalaya black berries seem to last Indefinitely. Loganberry plants twenty years old are still producing commercial crops. (The above is not true as to black raspberries anywhere else. It is-not true as to even the Puy allnp and Sumner districts in Washington; supposed to be the most extensive red raspberry sec tion of the country, or of the world. Black raspberry plantings persist In the Salem district. They keep right on living and bearing They do not persist elsewhere-. They run out and die out. Ed. ) (Black raspberries tend to spread out a little more and should be set somewhat farther apart than the mis. The linfcal system with the rows 7 "to. feet apart and the plants .about 4 feet in the rows Is proving satisfactory with "the common varieties. IruninK, Ktc. "As compared to those of other cane fruits pruning and 'training of black raspberries are compara tively simple operations. Trellis es are not necessary and pruning need not be complicated or exces sive; ;' "A very practical method of training black raspberries consist. in tying, the laterals up in-a rather loose bundle. By this method the fruiting area is placed convenient ly for picking and is out of the way of tillage implements. The old canes should be taken out as e-aon aa the crop has been removed.-,. ... . .. . :-v : - ? -:-: If security comes, can disarma ment be far behind? Providence Jourjcal. PERSIST HERE AnD MIOfflPUCE SIXTH CONSECUTIVE YEAR THIS WEEK'S SLOGAN DID YOU KNOW ThafSalem is the Oregon raspberry center; that on account of the great demand of the can neries and the coming jelly and jam and preserves plants here, there will not be enough raspberries grown for many years; and the prices will therefore be remunera tive; that in the matter of black raspberries, this district has what amounts to a franchise for the black rasp berry grows to perfection here, and the vines persist, bearing year after year; while in the great raspberry district of Washington the black raspberry cannot be successfully grown; that this fact should be heralded to the entire worjd; that there is sure money in both black and red raspberries, and room for' more growers who will raise a large tonnage to the acre of the best berries the world can send to market? Dates of Slogans in Daily Statesman (In Twice-a-Veek Statesman Following Day) (With a few peslbl changes) I.ogan berries, October 1 Prunes, October 8 Dairying, Octolw 13 Flax, October Filberts, October Walnuts, November 5 Strawberries, November 12 Apples, November i& Beans, Etc., November 20 Mint, Decem'tH-r 3 Great Cows, Ktv., December 10 Rlackberries, December 17 I'lierricw, Kwmbcr 24 IVars, Decern !cr :ll jiOM'lerries, January 7, 192u Corn, January 14 Celery, January 21 Spinach, Ktc, January 28 Onions, felc, February 4 Potatoes, Ftc, February 11 I5ecs,- February 1H Poultry and Pet Stock, Feb. 25 City lleautiful, Etc, -March 4 IlapleiTics, March 1 1 Paved Highway. r-Iareli IS Head Lettuce, March 25 Silos. Ktc, April 1 liCguincs, April 8 Asparagus, Ktc., April 15 Grapes, Ktc, April 22 Drug Garden, April 20 PUBLICITY MAS DF img ii lucnnrnnv datpij nc uic mmp. nfl'JH l!HOrDL!!l!l I HI Ul VMUTi He Tells How He Grows One of Nature's Most Luscious Fruits, and Gets the Berries While They Are Clean, Fresh. Good, Wholesome ar.d Nutritious Uses Irriga tion When Needed by c. J. Mcintosh CORVAlLJS. Or.. Nov. 23 j (Special to The Statesman). The raspberry patch in our"gTrden- is a smail put tremendously impor htnt one- Small because in a small garden the. f pace available for any one of several dozen del icious small fruits and vegetables is strictly limited; important, be cause the fruit is unsurpassed for table u?e when fresh, and ' not half bad" in some of the by-pro-duet forms. The raspberry depends more upon quality than most other cane or even tree fruit. Like "Mary" when good it is very, very good, and when had it is horrli. So unless the home-lot grower deli berately faces the proll:n of growing 1 lie-raspberry wisely o' not at all. and accepts theimpliea Mon of special care a certain tar-res of production, he does well to rejfcct it from his list of home garden small fruits. The berry needs to grow rapidly hear rather heavily attain cood size and maturity, and rip:-n up in ound condition. And that means that several th ngs peed to be done that will jiot do themselves. Rapid growth cajis for jrood oil -risht mechanical condition with plenty of available plant food tnd plenty of water. Cood ex nosnre for air and sunshine arc likewise required. Then of course the newly developed strength of cane of much sizeable fruit must be preserved rlvminst attacks of Snseef-? and cMf-eases. where these or either of them exist. leep worhin-T at some timeT.' thcr is a condition of goo-1 poijs that 1 depend upon verv large'y. Krery foot of my liomi: garden plot has been epaded up three feet deep, but of eourge that "might itot be at rll necessary on many types of land. Every bit of this y SEND" A COPV EAST 4 Sugar Beets, Sorghum, Etc., - lay Water' Powers, May 13 Irrigation, .May 20 Mining, May - Iand, Irrigation, Etc., June 3 Floriculture, June 10 Hops, Cabbage, Ktc, June 17 Wholesaling and Jobbing, June 24 Cucumbers, Etc., July 1 Hogs, July 8 Goats, July 15 Schools, Ftc, July 22 Sheep, July 2 National Advertising, August 5 Seeds, Ktc, August 12 Livestock. August 10 Grain and Grain Products, Aug Ust '2 Manufacturing, September 2 Automotive Industries, Septem ber 0 Woodworking, Etc., September PajKT Mills, ScptcinJcr 23 (Hack copies of the Thurs day edition of Tho Daily Ore gon Statesman are nand. They are fr .-aie at 10 cents eacl'. mailed to any address. t ourrent copies 5 cents). 0. A. C. little tract as well as several then- sand acros in the district did need such "heroic treatment in order to break-up an almost, impenetrable subsoil jind open up possible channels for drainage and . ' iJ penetration, "even though mh.S"i plants are shallow rooted. Ashes lime. leaves and manure. ' inter mingled with the subsoil, give ideal conditions for easy culture. Water is generally ample in well.prepared and handled soil during a large part of the grow ing period of the raspberry, but if and when the natural supply begins to faif irrigation is highly profitable and can always be sup plied . in town home gardens. Wisely handled it is worth in yield and quality of raspberries many times its cost. Likewise the canes may ; be allowed less room per cane if; the grower knows he can give them all the plant food, water, air and sunlight they need as they develop and mature their fruits. j The best jinsc-ct and disease pro tection is sanitation and isolation. Cleaned ub ground thoroughly worked over in the fall to destroy all vegetable growth in and "near by the canes, and to destroy and e.iose to jthe rigors of weather and the rapacious appetite of birds Insects and their eggs, gives the runes -a good chance to get .under way the following spring without hindrance by nagging of pests. It nlways seemed to tne that there l damage to cares much greater than, the loss of tissues can ex plain or apcouut for. Drainage of strencth; here, and interruption of rood elaboration there, as leaves are gnawed away, seem to upset the entire plant and stunt Its load of fruit. o a good start means a great deal. Then such Infestations as must y (Cgn tinned m pag 11) THI c d DISTRICT BETS LAftCE YIELDS I BOTH RED ID DUCK RASPBERRIES The Reds Run From a Ton to From One to Four Tons to Would Be a Good Thing in Yields Make Profits Editor Statesman: Raspberries are in demand at the present time and indications are that the present acreage of this fruit can be increased some what without danger of over pro duction. It must be borne in mind, however, that a considerable area in western Oregon, as well as iq neighboring .states, is adapted to the cultufe of raspberries and that potential production is far in ex cess of present market demands. Future plantings of raspberries, therefore, should be guided by future market demands, rather than by the acreage suitable to their culture. Oregon Obtains Large Yields Statistics of the comparative production of raspberries show that Oregon is especially favored in regard to yield, tlie average per are production here being con siderable greater thfn the avrapre for the United States. The yield of raspberries here, however, varies greatly between individual yards and between localities - In the case of red raspberries it varies between one and five tons per acre, while with black rasp berries it varies between one and four tons. These differences in yields are due not so much to natural advantages as to the per sonal clement iu the management of the yards. It is not difficult to find within a given locality srowprs who habitually obtain large yield while others obtain uni formly low yields under similar conditions of soil and climate. Figures on the cost of produc tion indicate. iiite clearly that financial returns from raspberries aH directly associated with yields. I'iguros on red raspberry produc tion in the I'uyallup valley of Washington show that in cases wherein yields are 3000 pounds per acre, the cost of production is slightly more than twice as high as in cases where a yield of N00O pounds is obtained. i The lesson here is clear. Maxi mum yields reduce the cost per unit and may result in a profitable margin below sales prices, while a ,ow yield may actually show a Jpss at the same, sales figures. Overhead expenses such as taxes. interested rn invooi man I Junius. Training and cultivation. a.re practically the same regard less of whether the yields are high or low and it is false reasoning to assume that" low yields can be counterbalanced by merely increasing-the acreage. Matter of Location It is obvious that in the selec tion of the location for a raspber ry plantation such factors as the distance to market or processing plants, the nature of the roads, the climatic conditions, the labor problem, the financial situation, the possibility for irrigation, the prevalence of insects and diseases and the general status of the in dustry in the locality, must be taken into -account. Raspberries are extremely perishable products. They imif be handled with care andJtfjUrthln a comparatively short "period of time. Consequent ly the matter of sufficient labor, transportation, and general facili ties for handling and disposal of the crop should be invesfigated. In this respect, an older locality where the industry f established and where good reliable process ing plants exist, is to be preferred. Sitp or the. Plantation ' In the selection of the planta tion site, such factors as soil type, moisture supply, temperature and drainage mnst be taken into ac count. naspuerrlos are naturally sen sitive to the dry. warm heat of summer. Considerable of the trouble known as "seed in ess "can be ascribed to excessive tempera ture and low humidity. Cool and rather moist situation, therefore, should W selected whenever pos- Bioie. Kiver bottoms and north slopes are naturally cooler , and more moust during the growing season. A little care in the selec tion of the site may do much to Increase the yield and Improve the For instance: Salem district has two counties growing the sacred myrtle the only place it grows on this continent. What unique fact do you know about the district? Address articles to Slogan Editor, care Statesman. " Five Tons, and the Blacks the Acre Some Irrigation Most Seasons Maximum quality of the later poking in particular. The matter of air drainage is not as vital with th raspberry as with the tree fruit! Raspberries are comparatively late bloomers and their blossoms are not so apt to suffer from frost. It Js a poor policy, however, to plant raspber ries in places that are known to be frosty, for the new cane growth often suffers from cold. Situa tion that are exposed to cold, dry in? winds are unfavorable for raspberries. The matter of water drainage should also receive attention. Due primarily to the mild winters of western Oregon, the roots of cane fruits in general are more or less active during the entire winter, and consequently cannot be "sub merged for any great length of time without iniurv" Artificial drainage has been successful in some cases, but. whenever possible it is best to select land that drains of its own accord Soils' for Itnsphorrfe A survey- of plantings of rasp berries rather wide range or soils, but while this is true, the success ful culture of raspberries in this state is confined to certain rather definite types of soil. Red hit' l?nd which, has prove to be so eii suited to many of the tree fruits does not seem to be adapted to the raspberry. This is true also of the flat, white land common to certain parts, of western Ore gon. Raspberries should never be attempted in tight, poorly drained', clay loams. This fruit, in general does well in soil that js deep, cool, rich, friable, well drained and at the same time retentive of moist ure. . Sandy river bottom loam is 1000 AGRFS OF RED Hi Ml The Berry Growers Packing uresnam performs a Work Valuable Alike to the Pro ducers anrjjtfie Carmers, and to the Musjry as a Whole Find pood Market for Soft Berries b-i . . t..-.- J" Editor Statesman '.is leopuuse io request for a short article on 'the red Yaspberry industry, will say while the past two seasons have been unfavorable owing to winter damage and dry summers, resulting in only half crops which of course showed no profit but did cover the labor cost and taxes and other current ex penses, a better showing has been mad on red raspberries than on other berries -except strawberries. which have proved the most profit able berry for the past two years. One result of the short crop has been the cleaning up of'all surplus stocks at fair prices, and the fu ture outlook for value is better which is heartening to the grow er. The Cuthbert red raspberry is a very popular fruit with the con sumer, but owing to the high cost of production -will probably always remain in the luxury class, as there la no hope of applying labor sav ing machinery in the production There la little hope of this becom Ing: a poor man's fruit. Employ 5000 In Harvest The industry locally fits in nice ly, as the soil and climate eeem to be peculiarly adapted for the production of this frult,.and there are probably 1000 acres in bearinjr affording seasonal employment for probably 5000 harvesters and pro vides a harvest pay roll of about $75,000 and ajforda an-opportunity for school boys and girls to pick, up pin money, and 13 a gen eral benefit to the whole commun ity. , .' 430 Grower Members Values are" higher In ail berries. and the producers are encouraged. Our cooperative ' association has mads good growth.since organiza tion; seven years ago. We have 430 local members, who are quite UBBBBSBBBB especially well adapted to the red raspberry. The black raspberry may be grown on a soil that is generally heavier than that recom mended for the reds. As to Yarieties Cuthbert seems to be the only variety of red raspberry that has stood the test of time in Oregon. This variety, whilst not a real heavy producer, is" admirably adapted to both the canning and fresh fruit trades. Marlboro, while a thrifty grower and a heavy yield er, does not have sufficient quality to compete with Cuthbert. King seems to be fairly well suited to the heavier types of land but is iol a favorite with the trade.. 'Antwerp is a heaixielder but lacks in carrying. QuIit).vThe so fcalled everbearing raspoerries, berries, while perhaps. of some value for. home planting, are not suited to commercial culture. Plum Farmer and Munger are perhaps the best of the black raspberries. At least they are in most demand. Plum Farmer is a vigorous and productive sort. Munger seems to be pnly modera tely thrifty, but is Uirly produc tive. Cumberland is a fairly strong grower, does fairly well for canning and is receiving attention in some quarters. Gregg is a late season variety which bears well but which seems to be rather ten der to cold. The fruit of this variety is excellent for home use 'and for local markets, but lacks somewhat in carrying quality. Irrigation Honclicial Thus far irrigation has not been a standard practice- in this sec tion. There is but little doubt, however, that both the yield and quality of raspberries would bo benefitted by irrigation, especially in dry sea -on ?. One good irriga tion aboiff. the time the fruit be gins to ripen would do much to prolong the season and increase the yield, especially of the iatei pickings. Most of the soil, now given over to raspberry culture takes water very nicely. Water, in most casos. can be obtained without a great deal of difficulty. HEXRY HARTMAX. Corvallis. Or.. Nov. 2.", 192-. (Mr. Hartman is associate pro fessor of pomology of the Oregon Agricultural college. What he says on raspberries, or other fruits is authoVitative. Ed. -. PEOPLE TO HARVEST Company, Cooperative, at enthusiastic over the cooperative plan and our canner friends are willing to pay us a premium of from ten to fifteen per cent for the service rendered by us.'as it enables them to get a graded prod uct, which is more profitable, and in quantities that enables them to reduce the factory costs of manu facture. We have the accounts of four or five of the largest canner s in the' state and our good roads make it possible to deliver the fresh berries in good condition to their canneries, some of them 60 and 90 miles distant. While there was a prejudice against the grow ers' cooperatives, as the years pass this has faded away and all con cede that there is a real service rendered that is appreciated and is expressed in the premium paid for the high grade product that team work makes possible. The soft berries ind a ready market in the 50-galion parrafinc lined fir barrel in the frozen state with the jam, jelly, preserve and Byrup makers, at a price nearly as high as the canning grade. This, to the grower, is very important, as the profit iu the industry is re ceived from what otherwise would be wasted, and'must be given cred it for 51 per cent of our success. D. E. TOWLE, Greshani, Ore., Nov. 21, 1025. (Mr. Towle Is manager- treas urer o the Berry, Growers rack ing company, with headquarters at Gresham, Oregon. "Eastern Mult nomah count, the home of our specialty ---the Cuthbert red rasp berry," appears on the letterhead of the company. The directors of the association are W. D. Fraley. C. M. LaFollette, D. E. Towle, E. P. Schedeen and C. TV Ryan. The Gresham district has gone far In the raspberry industry,-under the direction ofthese men. Ed.)