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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (April 23, 1925)
INDUSTRIAL OREGON vr-gx : "'" m 111 Tl' i ii J I This cut Is used by icocfrtesy of the Associated Industries,! of Oregon. Dates of Slogans- in (la Twice--Ve-k Statcadtan Following Iy) (With a few possible changes') Loganberries, October Z Prut.es. October 9 Dairying, October 16 Flax. October 23 Filberts. October 30 Walnuts, November 6 Strawberries. November 18 Apples, November 20 - - j Raspberries, November 27 Mint. December 4 J Great Cows, Etc.. December 11 Blackberries, December IS Cherries, December 25 Pears. January 1, 1925 Gooseberries. January 8 Corn. January 15 Celery, January 22 Spinach, Etc., January 29 Onions, Etc., February 5 Potatoes, Etc.. February 12 Bees, February 19 v 5 Poultry and Pet Stock, Feb. 28 City Beautiful, etc.. March 5J Beans, Etc., March 12 j Paved High ways, Mrch 19 I Head Lettuce. March 26 Silos. Etc.. April 2 j Legumes, April 9 V.-; J-; Asparagus, Etc.. April 16 J Grapes. Etc., April -23-. . DrugrGarden, April 30 ., j ; . JIM Lim WILL INCREASE HIS .GRAPE ACREAGE A! BELIEVES He Repeats What He Has skid bany Times, That We Can Grow the Grape Juice Varieties Here in Quantity, and We Should Secure Grape Juipe ing and Cultivation the important Things J. IC (Jini) Linn is one of the . --- - most' consistent of Salem's boost- ers for the grape industry ' hen 4; and he in gratified in witnessing a great growth in interest r. rf n crape acreage here. Mr. Linn givfa much care to his four acre g rapt vineyard on his farm in the Liber ty district, four miles south of Sa lem though he is interested in mapy other things, including Hotel "Marion, hops, loganberries, gener al farming and stock raising, etc. When Mr, Linn was a number of years younger than he is now, he was on the payrolls of the state cC California, workinglit the honle lor the feeble minded children at He then had the care of the vine yard of that institution, and the vineyard that he attended wis across the road from the one dn the farm of Jack London, the great novelist, and near one owned by Dr. Donnelly, mayor of San Fraii cisco and whom was a candidate for governor of California. f There was a good deal of rival ry between Mr. Linn and Jack London, for the great story writer thought- he knew all about grape growing, and he took great de light in the arts of viticulture. E LI ut Mr. Linn made a study of the science, too. and he worked bard, and he thinks he put it ail over Jack London in . the quality uiCcH quantity of grapes growu. ! Like Polk Hills Lip n sayj the grapelandj . of thefckmonia-valley diatrict - is like the I'olk county hills only rojigheFJl - - ,V , . H V He says Ibe Tough " rocky land of the Willamette valley, with south slopes, to get the- best ad vantage of the sunshine, is the best fcr , grapes in the country around Salem. - I ' Mr.i Linn's own vineyard Is a patch j of land that waa formerly frown up to oak grubs and wlild N things of'tLe woausc - -''lie ,sfct out his grape vines In the spring of 1&15; Concords and Wordens. which he got from ?ewj ork. The Wordens are of the Concord family; only larger and finer. He set his vines fight feet apart; set them like hop vinesj - I . There are three ways to culti vate grapes; the stump system, the trelllsing system and the lay ering system. The grower can pro duce more grapes to the acre With the layering j system than With either of the other two; eome Hungarians and Germans iu Mar ion county are producing 10 tons to the acre with the layering sys tem. But that system takes the most labor of all. Then there is the trelllsing sys tem described in this Issue j by several writers. j-j . Mr. Lion uses the stumping ys tem. - - ' -'",.,, , .-: i He saya this is the system used , in California for large acreage. It makes for easy cultivation fand harvesting. 'ft Ths second year tie up the first year's growth to a stake 18 inches high which makes the stump of the vine. Each year after that j cat back the season's gtowth to about two eyes. Thus the new growth will branch eut and make a hash Daily Statesman SUgar Beets, Sorghum, Et . Hay 7 . j. !. Water Powers, May 14 Irrigation. May 21 Minifier. Mar !28 l4nd. Irrigation. Etc. June 4 Floriculture, June 11 Hops. Cabbage, H...C Wholesaling and : Juno 25 I June IS J o b b i n g. Cucumbers, Etc., July 2 Hogs, July 9 1 Gpats, July; 1(5. Schools, EtcJ July Slippn Jnlv no 23 National Advertising. August b Seeds. Etc.. August 13 Livestock. August 20 Grain and Grain Products, Au gust 27 5 Manufacturing September 3. Automotive Industries, Septem ber 10 . ' Woodworking. Etc.; Sept. 17 Paper Mills.; Etc., Sept. 24. & I' ' I '"' i (Back ccpiej of the Thursday editions of The Daily Oregon Statesman are vi band. They are for sale -a.c 10 cents each, mailed to any: address.' Current copies 5c.) j I 1 Factories for Salem Prun gh enough to-carry the fruit off the round. When the vines pro dice fruit, 1 to get perfect fruit pinch back the vines about the first of" Julyi to twd joints In or djr to throw the growth into the frbit. Another advantage, this will much make the w ntcr pruning lees. Mr. Linn bays'" that, while he sejt his grapes about like, hops, deeper holes are better. He says that ai grower here may safely count on an average off three tons1 to the acre, under tbe stumping system; a well-tend ed trtellised vineyard will produce J . . T L . ... live ions to tne acre, ana a lay ered vineyard mayi bear 10 tona to the "acre. : ' j' The price should be at least Jl 00 a ton. in normal years. Th Layering Sjstem The layering system is rather hrd to describe without a pic ture. But the principle is the gtowing tne year before of two or tbjree vines j about six feet long, frbm the parent stump; then the ccjvering of these Vines with eoil Icjr about two feet, supporting the rtjst of the vines with stakes. The part of the vine under, the soil gj-owa rootlets and gets suste nince?from the soit to put growth iijto the grapes on the part of the vjne exposed to the sunlight on te stake and the result is a great crop, j : Mr. Linn has ben gathering a larger crop ol grapes each succeed- I Some of the 'above facts have been given concerning, this little vineyard and the methods and de scriptions of j Mr. Linn in former Sjlogan issues of The Statesman; brut there ate many new people ajnd new" readers to whom thev will be new jand Interesting; who rhay profit from their perusal i For there Is a growing interest ih. the grap4 industry in the Sa-l-m district, (and there should be. j Mr. Linn says California grapes have -hold as high! as $200 a ton ih recent years, but there Is money ib grapes in the Salem district al 100 a ton, j - One,' may. expect at ltast three ' t6hs tb"lne acre, and N .harvesting is not expensive; !lr. Linn himself ii-when" he first went to jairtornia,; picked grapes it $1 a ton and tjons'a day.j The iirei higher It ban he picked twi scales of wages tbat. nowi but. even so, the expense of harvesting grapes Is lovf as compared with al- niost any other frjiit crop. Is Good Iroporty j He says this little vineyard is getting to be the best piece of fipc"rt) hej has, for the size of ihe original; investment. When it et to be fifteen; years old, and ith good attention, it will bear five tons to the acre. And it will $o on bearing that tonnage and inore during all the years of his life, and for 1000 years longer, perhaps, with just a little' care each year. Grape vines, or rather grape trees, or grape stumps, nev ?r grow old, any more than a wal nut or filbert-, troV! arows old. They renew; themselves each year, and only the heart wood ot the tree grows old. Mr, Linn eays he NDUSTRY OREGON. QUALITY our pay rolls they build market for the products crops or Oregon Quality food than any other hears more and more Inquiry con cerning grape growing in this sec tion. Scarcely a day passes that he dfea not have some one com ing to make inquiry concernins getting a start in grape growing. And growers are giving their grapes good attention now; tak ing care of the vines and 'keeping up the soil fertility. What la fin er, he asks, than a" grape arbor, giving beauty and affording shade, while making a good return for its care? ilr. Linn says not to set out the European varieties here. They are all right in California, where the summers are hot, but they will not ripen properly here. Set out the Concord, Worden, Campbell's Early, Niagara, etc.; also the American varieties; the Concord varieties; the kinds that make the grape juice of com merce; the Hudson river varieties. They will do as weir here as thej do in the districts where they art grown over', wide areas for j the leading grape x juice . factories. Grapes also make very fine vine gar -and they are largely . used ii. Jelly making, in both domestic anc commercial , volumes Mr.,. Linn be lieves we should have grape juice factories, here, and that we wil get them'if we keep on growing larger quantities of the right va rietica. Why not? You can pie! grapes for $2 a ton; while it costs $40 a ton and more to. pick oui berries. And grapes now sell foi around 5 cents a pound, or $10o a ton. They can be produced at i profit here at lower prices. ' Then are a number of growers In ,h Salem district who make theii livings from grape growing. Th i vineyards are becoming more val liable with every passing year, ; Will Increas" ArrcMge Mr. Linn ; will increase his acre age of grapes; will put out a couple more acres. He will plani iielawares, Niagaras and "Camp bell's Early. s Mr. Linn says grapes are prac tically Immune from pests and d''s eases, that Is, with proper prun ing and cultivation. Everything depends on pruning and cultiva tion. He says grape vines are more pleasant to work with than the fruit vines that rhave thorns, am the picking of the fruit, too, la a more pleasant task with vine: without briers. ' - ,Mr. Linn believes the people of Sclera should be constantly on thr lookout for a man or company ot association of men willing to , un dertake the manufacturing o grape Juice here; at ' least on ; a scale large enough to take care of the demands of this section; witi the ide"a of spreading out to na tional and international propor tions later. Speculators' Methods Are Protested by Governor "Oregon demands an immediate and thorough investigation, of the Chicago board of trade methods In recent , .manipulations , Ot grain prices" Governor VleVce telegraph ed President,. Coolidge iTuosday In an effort to brin'the matter to a head. .... j . "Unquestionably-the market has been controlled an4 millioBs tak en front Innocent citizens by un principled speculators." the : mes sage continues,- "During the last war our government prevented such -speculaRolf; JWby not pre vent it now?" . New Hotel Salem Where Awaits You Under direction of Frank D. Blich products are our cities ; thev attract of our farms, j Oregon VIEW OF OF The Varieties That Do Well in to Plant Them and Where Thinning Is Recommended Institution Editor Statesman; The purpose of this article Is to give a general view of grape cul ture. A numbei of Varieties do well in the valley, and the kind of ii grapes grown can be'goverhed by personal requirements Among. the blue varieties " j are Campbell's Early, Early Moore, Concord, and Worden; White varieties are Sweet Water, and Niagara; tted varieties arc Verdun and iDelaware.. Grapes are started by cuttings. It being an easy and ready means ot getting the yqung plants. The cuttings should be made soon after the vines become dormant in the fall. These should contain about four buds cut from 'young, well matured wood. jOn the lower or butt end make a slanting cut close to the bud and on the upper or top end lea re about an inch of wood above tlie buid. The cut tings should be tied in small bundles with thejbutt jends togeth er and place them in soil with the butt ends up, and covr them over with S to 6 inches of dirt. Handled in this way .the J butt! ends, from which the roots jwill be produced, form a callous, while jthe top por tion is kept in a dormant con dition." When the cuttings are'set out in the spring, the calloused end is ready tq produce strong roots at once, bejfore the buds de velop sufficiently to take up the sap and plant food stored in the cuttings. In the spring put the cuttings in a nursery ' row or hi good soil and where they can be kept well cultivated and irrigated, if possible, during ttie summer. The following spring they should be set out iu the permanent lo cation. The planting should be made on 'well drjained soil, where they will get sunshine and good air drainage: j H The planting distance depends upon the variety, soii conditions, and method of pruning. The strong growing varieties can be set 10 x 10 feet, although a plant ing distance which gives g feet between rowyanji 10 jfeet between the plants in the row will be found satisfactory. "This will give the necessary gfowing, space for the roots and good circulation ot air for the vines! After planting. keep well cultivated so as to pro duce as strong and j vigorous a plant as possible the first year. The Pruning Methods This first year no support or pruning is necessary, although the young canes should be tied to a stake to get them out of the way for cultivating. The following winter the vines phould be pruned. The amount of pruning done will depend upon thej growth. If small growth - has been made, - remove all but the strongest cane and cut this" back to twjo eyes. . If one strong well ripened cane has been produced, cut this back o "the height at which jthe head is to be formed (about 54 inches) and tie securely to the slake, removing all 1-' Hospitality m .,4.,-. By STEWARD establishing themselves in world markets; they make new capital and new farms produce a wider variety of profitable spot on earth. GRftPE CULTURE THE STATE HOSPITAL the Willamette Valley How The Prunma Methods Several Varieties at State other canes. Both buds should be allowed ' to develop, so i that the plant will not be st back by the accidental removalj of one. All growth "starting from other buds should be removed so as to con centrate all the growth activities into the two canes.- one of which is to become the trunk of the vine the succeeding year By the third year-the vines should have erect, straight stems, with two or more cane! for the head and from which the vine can be renewed each year. j ! j ,. ' In the pruning of bearing Tines there are - several jdif ferernt sys tfms, some Of which are more or less complicated and require a trellis, and somej that require much time for pruning and tying. I Whatever system is employed, it Lis necessary to keep in mind that the fruiting branches are always produced on last season's growth, that is, one year old canes. The condition and also the vigor of the plant should be taken into con- jsideiation when pruning. One j system used In commercial vine I yards and well adapted for the j small home planting is what is f known as the four! cane Kniffen system. ! With this a trellis of two i wires is used, the! bottom wire auoui o muuea buutb mti.giuuiiu and the top wire about 54 inches. The Cane to form the main trunk of the vine is cartied up to the top wire and two canes are train ed along each wire, making four canes for each vln. Each "year's pruning! consists id cutting away -all the tops except the four most t Vigorous cants produced; the pre 1 ceding season. With well estab- nsnea vines tnese back so as to allow; are shortened about 10 buds to each of the upper canes and 5 buds for the two lower ones. Other Canes coming out near j the main f trunk can be cut j back to two j buds, that is, spurp, for the pur ; pose of getting new canes for the j next seanson's fruiting wood. The j canes left should bte carried along jthe wires and secured to them by tying with siring, jprecaution be ! ing taken not "to tie too tightly ! toas to check the jflow of sap, as the cane enlarges $lth growth, j In this valley the vines can be i pruned any time during the dor mant season. Where possible the pruning should not be done later than the middle of the following March. After that time the so called "bleeding" of the vines oc curs at all cut surfaces; and while this is not serious, Jt is not a good plan to prune when the sap runs from the cuts. However, If the vines have not been pruned at the proper time, and jthe buds have started to swell, ft lis better to dq it then than not at all.j ' Thinning Recommended - The removal of foliage from the growing vines is not to be recom mended. Grapes ripen best where the fruit is in the shade. Thin ning the fruit is a good practice, Hotel A Home i Away from Home : i 51.00 per Day and Up " people; they provide a for with j any system of pruning and training, a vine often pro duces more fruit than it can ma ture properly. The thinest bunches can be removed as soon as the berries are well formed, resulting in a decided improvement in the remaining fruit especially as to size and appearance. Grapes do not require much manure.: j A good rule to follow in this respect is never to apply man ure as long as the vines are mak ing a satisfactory growth. A growth that is firm, well matured and moderate in quantity is more satisfactory than long, rapid growth, j When fertilizers are needed, j use those with, small amount of organic matter, such as wood ashes, or commercial fer tilizer containing superphosphate and; potash. In the case of sandy or; gravelly soils, a liberal applir cation of barnyard manure can be made with, satisfactory results. Oregon State Hospital," L Lee M Lane, Steward Salem, April 21, 1925. (The (Oregon, state hospital (asylum) has six acres of grapes; all the varieties- mentioned by Mr. Lane .being represented, with the exception of Campbell'3 Early; which variety he believes is better for our conditions here than the Early Moore; being somewhat earlier, with larger -berries -and larger bunches and consequently larger yields. The six acres off that institution produced last year, 10,325 pounds of grapes. . Editor) j ; Steps Taken to Effect Better Lighting in Schools . NEW ; YORK. The National Committee for the Prevention of Blindness, seeking the protection of school children from eyestrain. is undertaking to acquaint every i school teacher in the "United f States with the principles of cor rect lighting. To this end it will send to the superintendent of schools in every state, couny-6nd city having a school population of 25,000 or more a communication based on the code of lightng school buildings prepared by ex perts, aid approved as the Amer ican standard. ; , ' ' I The committee says its studies indicate jthat 12 percent of Amer ican s.chool children have defective vision; - Sport Revived for Anglers Who Fish Merely for Fun BATIt, England. The old time sport of "manfishing" has been re newed herej a human "fish" hav ing been landed at one of the bath swimming tanks in 7 min utes and 35 seconds by Dr. Chas. Begg, a well known angler of thi3 district. The "fish" was Albert Canning, a Bath swimming master. A ten foot rod was used, the line being 1 attached to the head of the swiruraey.iy means of a helmet arid swivel. ,Pr. " Begs played Jhli "catcljfe untfT he land ed him exhausted; and In so do ing beat bis own record of 18 years ago by exactly pne minute. On that " occasioa aJSO Canning acted as the "fish." Have you anything you want to sell or trade? The Statesman classified advertisements will do it for you. ! Bligh -This cut Is usid -by courtesy of the Associated Industries, of Oregon. THIS WEEK'S SLOGAN DID YOU KNOW that in4he Concord (American) grape mense f quantities; j that we acres of cheap lands suitable for grape growing; that Sa lem ought to be the West field of Oregon, and the Salem district the Chautauqua grape belt of the Pacific Coast; that Salem ought to have great jelly and jam plants, us ing an immense annual tonnage of grapes; that there is and will be money in grape growing, and a verr great in dustry in this line is within; the grasp of Salem and sur rounding country,1 and that there is now more interest here than ever before in the! industry? THE PLACE FOB GRAPES. BY PRDF. ! C: E: SCHUSTER! OF IE COLLEGE i 1 1-. ; ! I, ! .i ,: 4 - Campbell's Early Is Best for Our Conditions Best White and Red Varieties and European Kinds Planting, Prun ing and Training Systems, and General Care and-Har-vesting ' -j r :;;:-. '.'' ' Editor Statesman: : Grapes are among the easiest and most satisfactory fruits grown or home use, but unfortunately about the last one to be consider ed by the majority of people. The grape has a definite place in every home orchard,' where the -location is such that grapes will thrive, and should be included in the list of fruits when any one i is plant ing, a home orchard. m ! J , . j More emphasis will be laid on the useT of the grape in the home orchard: than for: commercial pur poses. Except for i rather limited acreage In a few ; local places, grape growing in the "Willamette valley should not be entered into very extensively. :A small patch ot grapes wheretthe jfruit la han dled properly will, near: many of the valley ; towns, return' good profit, but any larger increase in acreage will soon swamp the mar ket and! break " the ' price. "The shipping! of grapes, except for very j short distances, will hardly prove! satisfactory, j California can prcj duce grapes so cheaply that wherie any great shipping expense enteis in the competition will be tob great foi: local grapes. I I, i; - j Grapes should be sheltered as much as possible from the effects Of possible frost. Where! the home orchard is located in j a rather frosty location, the placing of. tlie grapes' adjacent! to buildings or other sheltered locations', especial ly the south 'side of the buildings, will often aid in not only protect ing them from the frost, but bringing! out better quality of fruit, due to the added heat of such places.! A frost that will not endanger other fruits is often dis astrous to the tender foliage of the grapes. It is a frequent oc curence jto have the first growth of the grapes hit by a frost, and then the secondary growth come out and; deveIP normally, with the exception that the set of fruit is very light. ; f f i-i j j ;, j ' ... j If possible, the location should be such j that good j air drainage could be had for the grapes. Es pecially jis ! this j necessary in j a large or ! commercial plantings. Sloping tracts of land in which the cold air is drained ; away to lower levels will afford the i maximum protection ; against frost, i Warmer slopes are advisable in growing of this fruit. i Unless the heat is suf ficient to raise the sugar content of the grape up ! to the normal amount, the quality of the fruit is Inferior ; ( . . , For best results, deep, well drained, friable soil is desirable. Grapes ; are j deep rooted, so a soil 4 to 6 feet deep orr deeper is satis factory. The lower soil need hot be of the same, character as the upper soil, but of a type through which the grape foots can readily penetrate. With a deep soil: Is associated good "drainage, as a high water table renders the soil shallow, for the roots will not grow through the standing water. Seepage of! an expensive; character is just as ! detrimental as is the high water) table. While the soil should be of a character that holds moisture well throughout the seas on, it should not be one that Is at all water-dogged. iAt times artific ial drainage for the home planting will pay, but ih ylevr ot the large amount of; land naturally well drained. It would hardly seem ad visable to drain land for commer cial planting. ; Where j good lair drainage is secured, ; good soil drainage is usually round, though many exceptions are to be noted. The rery richest soils are not necessary : for grapes. Soils with medium fortuity.! deep and well drained prove satisfactory. Of course, soils can be too poor for Salem district grapes of the family can be grown' in im have tens of thousands of the! best growth of grapes. The exact kind of soil is not a determ ining factor in most cases, pro vided, it meets the above require ments. A fact often of more importance to growing of grapes than fertili4 ty of the soil is one of the mois ture content in the soil. In order, in many cases, to maintain the moisture where it should be it is necessary to keep the soil fairly well filled with humus, and thi3 in' most-cases necessitates manur ing; or the growth of cover crops. If, jwith the use of these mater ials, the soil is kept in good con dition, so farm the humus con tent is concerned, the plant food content of the soil will : generally be taken care of. Moisture is more apt; to be a limiting factor in more soils than is the fertility, so that if the moisture content is kept up bj the use of cover crops or manure, thej soil fertility itself will bs handled. "The' Willamette valley is prettj closely limited to the growing ot American grapes. These varieties will grow and mature fruit in the cool climate of this valley, while most of the European varieties will not thrive, with the exception of one or two of the very earliest varieties of European grapes. Tho European grape demands a long growing season with the maximum heat and sunshine. We find that many of the varieties commonly grown in California fail to mature under Oregon conditions, many of them not even showing any indi cation of sugar by the time the fait rains begin, or the frost catches them. 1 Campbell's Early Is Best Of the long list-of -American grapes to choose from, the Camp bell's. Early is undoubtedly the best for both commercial and home use. This is the best early grape we 5 have, and, due to its earliness, it will mature well w here the Concord, whieh is some what later, will fail to mature properly. Although the Concord is one of the most popular varieties in the eastern part of the United States, it has not been as success ful in Oregon as the Campbell's Early, but can be used as a later grape. The Campbell's Early i3 a good grape for handling on the marKei, as it uas a reiauveiy tough skin, and though considered by: some ..not quite so high -in fla vor as other varieties, it is a very satisfactory grape. It can be nicked at the regular time and still will keep as long as the Con cord or some of the later varieties. The variety advertised exten sively as the Island Belle is with out question the Campbell's Early, introduced under the name of Island Belle. A better quality grape for home use is the Worden. This can hardly be recommend ed for commercial planting, as the berry Is so tender that any hand ling at all will break the berry, pulling the skin open, making it unsatisfactory for commercial pur poses. It Is just a little later than the Campbell's Early. Due to the tender skin, it will not stand ad verse seasonal conditions, as fre quently are- met in this section, being susceptible to injury from rain. : Best White And Red For white grapes the Niagara is undoubtedly the best, but It has: about the same ripening time as the Concord, making it a little latej for many sections. Where well ripened, it has a most excel lent flavor and really should be included in any of the home plantings. - For red grapes we have cone (Continued on pase 10)'