The Oregon statesman., February 21, 1924, Page 9, Image 9

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TirR OtlEGON STATESMAN, SALEM, OREGON "
THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 21,1021
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'SELLING SALfcM Dlbi KILrl .
OWPCO!
Broom handle, mop haa
dice, paper plugs, ttnt tog
gles, all kinds of hardwood
bandlta, manutactored by
tlx I , - t "
Oregon Woo'd
Products Co
J7elfaleni
hbuy;an.ii
OVERLAND
AND
the
Difference
VICKBROS.
QUALITY CARS
HIGH ST. AT TRADE
Dates of Slogans in Daily Statesman
(In Twice-a-Week Statesman Following Day);
Loganberries, Oct. 4.
Prunes, Oct. 11. j
Dairying, Oct. 18. '
Flax, Oct 25. -Filberts,
Not. 1, ' , " '
Walnuts, Not. 8.
Strawberries, Not. IS.
Apples, Not. 22.
Raspberries, Nor. 19.
Mint, December 8.
Great cows, etc.. Dee. IS.
Blackberries, Dec. 20.
Cherries, Dec 27.
Pears, Jan. S, 1924.
Gooseberries, Jan. 10.
Corn, Jan. 17.
Celery, Jan. 24.
Spinach, etc., Jan. II.
Onions, etc., Feb. 7.
Potatoes, etc., Feb. 14.
Bees, Feb. 21.
Poultry and pet stock, Feb. 28.
Goats, March 6.
Beans, .etc., March 13.
Paved hlghwaj-s, March 20.
Broccoli, etc, March 27.
Silos, etc., April 2.
Legumes, April 10.
Asparagus, etc, April 17.
Grapes, etc, April 24.
Drug garden. May 1.
Sugar, beets, sorghum etc,
May 8,
Water powers, May IS. . ,
Irrigation, May 22.
Mining, May 29.
Land, Irrigation, etc, June S.
Dehydration, June 12.
HopsT cabbage, etc., June 19.
Wholesaling and Jobbing
June 26.
Cucumbers, etc., July 2,
Hogs, July 10.
City beautiful, etc, July 17.
Schools, etc, July 24.
Sheep, July 31.
National advertising, Aug. 7.
Seeds, etc, Aug. 14.
LlTestock, Aug. 21.
Automotire industry, Aug. 28.
Grain and grain products,
Sept. 4.
Manufacturing, Sept. 11.
Woodworking, etc, Sept. 18.
Paper mills, etc, Sept. 25.
(Back copies of the Thursday
editions of the Dally Oregon
Statesman are on hand. They are
for sale at 10 cents each, mailed
to any address. Current copies,
5c.)
THREE CROPS FOR ONE, WITH BEES
The orchiardists of the Salem district
can have three crops for one by keeping
bees-
The honey, the fruit, assured through
the pollination of the bees, and the sweet
clover or Hungarian vetch crop, which will
provide late summer pasture for the bees-
And thus make sure profit on the bees
and the fruit
Besides having a good crop, in the clover
or vetch, and building up and maintaining
the fertility of the soil with these legumes.
No orchardist should think of getting
away from the necessary pollination
through the use of bees
It would be poor business to do so.
The wise plan is to cash in on the three
crops-fruit and honey and the legumes.
Thus this will be made the best: bee
country in the world.
Yalley Motor Gb
281 NortS Hi K StretJ
PEoml95
Boost This Community,
ky AdYcrti&fof on tko Slow
r i
DID YOU KNOW that Salem is the center of a potentially
great beekeeping industry; that the early honey flow here
EXCEEDS THAT OF ANY OTHER SECTION; that, with
intelligent and industrious care, this can be made a veritable
bee paradise, by providing bee pasture for the late summer,
which can be done, and which must be done, in order to
make fruit growing more stable by being rendered more
certain of pollination; that fruit growers can thus harvest
three sure crops by providing bee pasture and keeping bees
the sweet clovers and Hungarian vetch, the fruit and
the honey; besides building up the fertility of the soil with
the legumes mentioned?
EAT A PLATE A DAT,
Weatherly
Ice
. ' i.. If d
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SOLD EVKBYWBE2U9
Buttercup
Ice Cream Co.
P.M. GREGORY, Mzr
V' -.1 . :,. ..,'
240 South' Commercial St
SALEM
Dodge Brothers
Sedan
, Bcnesfeel tlotcr Cc
184 S. Com! BU Fboni 423
VALLEY PACKING CO.
CASCADE BRAND HAMS, BACON AND LARD
U. S. Inspected SALEM, OREGON
"53
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vvi r jD 2 ir iVT Zi fit)
OgQOO
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of oop
TLANTiyq vuch roa a 'vegetable qasidkm ioxofeet.
The Importance of a Plan
If for no other reason than sav
ing time and speeding up the work
of getting a garden going a plan
should be made in advance of the
planting-season.. This is -a much
neglected phase of gardening.
Haphazard planting, putting seed
into the ground on the nearest
plot that seems v handiest often
leads to garden failures, not so
much in the growth of the vegeta
bles but in lessening the amount
of. crop that the' garden might oth
erwise produce.
A well-considered plan is neces
sary, especially to settle the ques
tion of rotation crops. This can
be thought , out in. a comfortable
, chair alongside a grate fire, radia
tor or base burner while it is
Blormy weather outside. ( Garden
books may be studied for crop ro
tation ideas and the decision set
down on paper and drawn into a
plan, no matter if it be only! a
, rough one.
r With the plan" worked ' out,
there.is no lost motion. The gar
dener knows just where he is go
ing to put everything he plants
and he knows what is to go in
. where the radishes come out, and
what is going to follow the pea
crops toward the end of June and
so on all through the garden no
matter , how small it is and the
smaller it is the more thoroughly
and carefully does the subject of
follow crops need to be consider
ed to get the most out of it.
' Then, too, these is the subject
of companion crops to be figured
out, making two vegetables come
pretty close to occupying the same
space, as, for instance, planting
radishes and parsley or carrots in
the same row or slipping early to
mato plants among- the beans or
in "the onion row to keep on going
when the other Crops are removed
By careful planning for -follow
and companion crops, a garden
may be made to yield nearly dou
ble the amount of vegetables it
would if the gardener had to fig
ure it out, when he stood on the
ground with the seed packets in
one hand and the hoe in the other.
A series of record cards or .a
notebook are excellent aids to
good gardening, setting down the
time of planting the seed, the
time when, the crop was harvested
and th ground ready for another
crop. Carefully following this
plan through one season will fur
nish a working basis for succeed
ing, seasons.
labels, which are sold very cheap
ly in lots of 1U0, are a convenience
for marking off beds in this man
ner. A .carpenter's square is use
ful in making accurate corners if
the beds follow rectangular lines.
If the beds are to be cut out of
sod, an edging tool which resem
bles a hoe with a vertical blade is
necessary to cut the shape of the
bed before removing the sod. A
spade is often used, but it cannot
cut the neat straight edge furn
ished by the edging tool.
Grass paths give the finest ef
fect but require the most care in
the way of cutting and trimming
the edges of the beds to preserve
a neat appearance. A mistake is
often made in making the paths
between the beds too narrow, par
ticularly if grass paths are used.
Three-foot paths with four-foot
beds is about the minimum for effectiveness.
Spacing in the Garden
Much of the success of the veg
etable garden depends upon giv
ing the individual plants sufficient
room to develop their full possi
bilities in the way of bearing. In
order to furnish a handy guide a
table Is herewith appended show
ing the proper distances which the
practice of successful gardeners
shows to be about right. The dis
tance apart of the row dependent
to a great extent on the method
of cultivation, a . larger distance
apart being neceasary for a wheel
hoe than for the hand hoe or a
hand weeder.
Vegetables
String beans
Distance Distance
Apart Between
In Rows Rows
.4 to 6 in. 2 ft.
Bush limas
Beets
Brussels sprouts
Cabbages
Cauliflowers . . .
Carrots
Chard
Celery
Cucumbers . . . .
Endive
Eggplant
Kale . ..
Head lettuce . . .
Onions
Farsley
Parsnip
Peas (dwarf) . .
Radishes
Spinach
Turnip
Rutabaga
18 in. 2
6 in.
12 in.
2 ft.
2 ft.
6 in.
12 in.
6 in.
5 ft.
12 In.
2 ft.
1 ft.
8 in. ,
4 - in.
C in.
6
2-4
2 - 4
6
4-6
to 3 ft.
1 ft.
1 XA ft.
2 ft.
2
1
1
3
5
1
2
t
1
1
1
in.
in.
In.
in.
in.
10 in.
Vz ft.
3 ft.
1 ft.
1 ft.
1 ft.
lVz ft.
Crop Rotation in the Garden
Transferring I Plans to .Ground
Having drawn a pian on paper
with, the deired outlines,, a gard
ener is often puzzled as to how to
transfer the attractive looking
plan to the ground, especially! It
'the plan has been drawn for him
; by a landscape gardener. As these
plans are drawn, to scale, the sim
plest method for a small garden Is
to lay oft the plan in inch or half
' Inch squares, lightly drawn. with a
lead pencil, using a' half inch or
' inch to a foot aa the scale.
j The garden may then be laid
'out with strings arranged a foot
4 apart each way, taking a small
section at, a .time to avoid entan
glement with too much string and
the relative locations of the plants
easily determined. If string is too
Inconvenient, an easier method , is
to mark off the garden plot with
a tennis marker, or with slaked
lime sprinkled along 1 the lines
made by I the strings when they
may be removed and the plan fol
lowed out.
The success in laying out the
garden depends, in the first place,
on having a plan drawn to scale
carefully.
Often a gardener with a methe
matical eye will have no such dif
ficulty in marking off the distance
on his plan on the ground, but if
in doubt. It is best to 1 try the
string or lime-marking plan. .
Do not make too small beds.
A bed ( three by three feet or a
number of beds of such small di
mensions as this give a spotty ef
fect and do not accommodate
enough plants to make a good dis
play. If the plan calls for a center
lawn space, a very attractive plan,
this plot can be determined and
staked off at the start and then
the beds can be easily pegged out
in relation to the grass plot. Pot
HERE, MR. HOMEBUILDER
I the BEST, SAFEST, STRONGEST,
; and. In the long ran, the CHEAPEST
- Material out of which to build your
i borne . i -
l ' t -
It la BURNED CLAY nOLLOW BUILD
ING TILE It insure Fire-Safety
Health and Comfort.
I
J$ 1
8t
Ask for Catalog nd Booklet of Plana,
SALEM BRICK & TILE CO.
8alem, Oregon. ; Phone 017
ilfrs. of Burned Clay nollow Building Tile,
t j . and vraia xuet
lie, Drlck, I
The same crops should not oc
cupy the same space in the garden
from year to year. There are sev
eral reasons for this. One of the
chief ones is to avoid perpetuat
ing disease which many have af
flicted some of the vegetables the
germs of which may carry over in
the soil. As members of the cab
bage tribe and the bean and pea
family suffer from different ail
ments, their .positions should be
switched in order that such pests
may be dicontinued.
A good plan Is to reverse last
year's plan and then change it
tack again next year thus furnish
ing a' rotation of crops. If this is
not done, at least the arrangement
bhould be changed by moving the
sections devoted to one vegetable
this year to some other position
in the garden removed a few feet
at least next year.
A good rule would be to plant
the root crops next year where the
leaf crops such as lettuce and
spinach have grown this year or to
give the root crops the spaae next
year where the legumes, a term
applied to members of the pea and
bean family, have been this year.
It will not be a difficult matter to
study out this arrangement with
a little practice.
Planting the taller growing
crops such as corn and tomatoes
on one side of, the garden one year
and then moving them over to the
other tside the following season
will be a convenient method of se
curing rotation. If rotation can
not be conveniently arranged be
cause of the small size of the plot,
the best way is to make up for the
deficiency by careful fertilizing
and occasional liming of the soil
to sweeten it up.
BM fill HIM nil
I
E
5W1
POUNDS
EACH
Li
There are Probably 5000 Colonies in This County Im
- portant That Bees Should Have Expert Attention, Be
Kept Free From Disease, and Have Well Bred Queens
(The following was written, un
der date of Feb. 19, especially for
this annual bee Slogan number of
The Statesman, by H. A. Scullen,
specialist in bee culture of the Ore
gon Agricultural college:)
Bees are kept in Marion county
primarily for two purposes; first,
to pollenijte the many cherry orch
ards and other fruits, and, second,
for honey production. Although
there is considerable opportunity
for increased honey production In
this county, yet no doubt bees will
always be kept primarily for poll
ination, purposes.
A careful estimate of the num
ber of colonies now in the county
would run close to 5000.
During an average year these
5000 colonies should produce from
400,000 ; to 500,000 pounds of
honey. ."' '
The Honey Producing Plants
Alslke, and white clover, and
retch are the main honey produc
ing plants In the' valley, while
back in the mountains fireweed or
willowherb is the main source of
honey. All of these honeys are of
high quality. Unfortunately the
Willamette valley has occasionally
been reported as yielding an infer
ior grade of honey. Although in
ferior honeys are available, proper
management on the part of the
beekeeper will eliminate poor
grades. Since the clover flow and
other high grade honeys in the val
ley are practically over with by
the first of July, all surplus honey
should be taken off at that time.
Following the clover flow there is
usually considerable nectar.. conv
ing In from such plants as French
pinks. This honey should be kept
separate or left to the bees for
winter stores. . 1
. Hold -Diseases In Check
Thousands of colonies of bees
have been destroyed by diseases in
recent years in the Willamette
valley. These diseases, however,
can be held in check and in many
cases eliminated by proper man
agement. ,
The practice among many orch
ard managers of buying miscellan
eous colonies and placing them In
the orchards without giving addi
tional care has been a serious men
ace in the spread of disease and
has resulted in considerable loss
to the orchard men themselves
who find it necessary to continual
ly replace these colonies.
Problems of Orchard Men
In recent years, orchard mana
gers are coming more and more
to feel the necessity of having
fewer and better colonies under
the management of an experienced
bee keeper. These bees are se
cured by renting or "by hiring
forao one to look after the bees
periodically. Many are renting
bees for poliinization only, paying
as high as $5 a colony for that.
purpose.
For Winter Protection
The protracted spring and unre
liable weather conditions through
out the Willamette valley, com
bined with the mild damp winters,
make it necessary to give bees
special attention, which is 'some
times not necessary in other sec
tions. It is of special importance
that bees should go into winter
with an abundance of stores. In
a milder climate like the Willam
ette valley a larger quantity of
stores is consumed during the
winter time than in a cooler cli
mate. It is also advisable to-have
some winter protection about the
hives. They must be waterproof
and at the same time protected
from low temperatures. Colonies
will then come out from winter
in good shape and able to build
up during the unsettled weather
of the spring, but even then spec
ial attention should be glvn
throughout all of the spring
months to see that the colonies
continue to have a liberal supply
of stores on hand. Ample room
must also be provided in the hive
for the colony to build up during
the maple and fniit bloom flow.
High Jrade Queens Needed
It la also of extreme importance
that every colony be headed by a
high grade queen bred from select
ed stock, preferably reared by the
beekeeper himself in his own api
ary. This is easily accomplished
by a simple method described in
Oregon Agricultural College Ex
tension Bulletin No. 360, which is
free for the asking. This bulletin
also described many other import
ant principles in bee management
and should be in the hands of ev
ery Oregon bee keeper.
The office of bee culture at the
college is also glad to assist by
answering any questions so far as
possible that may come up in the
minds .of beekeepers throughout
the season.
(As Polk county has probably as
many bees as Slarion county, and
as there are a lot of bees in the
parts of Benton. Linn, Yamhill,
Washington and Clackamas coun
ties that are In the Salem district,
it can be seen that we are already
well on ouri way. towards becom
ing a great bee section, which we
must necessarily become, on ac
count of the necessity of fruit pol
lination and which we are manl
festly entitled to become, because
of our natural conditions. Plenty
of late bee pasture will do the
trick. Edl)
r '
OWN
YOUR
HOME
SEE ADS UNDER THIS
HEADING ON THE
CLASSIFIED 'PAGE;
TODAY : : : :
PROPER MANAGEMENT OF
BEES
HIT
lil M M MATTER
All the Colonies Ought to Be Strong; Must Have Good
Stores; Swarming Must. Be Prevented; Must Be Free
From Disease And Location Is Important, and Also
Experienced Attention
It is in response to many re
quests that the writer would call
attention to some Important
points on the management of bees
when kept in the orchard for pol
lination purposes.
Without doubt the one impor
tant fact most commonly over
looked is the necessity of having
all colonies strong, rather than a
large number of weak colonies.
Very frequently we are asked how
many colonies are necessary for a
given acreage, say ten, twenty or
forty acres. Yet this is not the
vital question, since one strong
colony would do more pollenizing
than ten weak ones. Colonies
may vary in strength during fruit
bloom' from a few hundred bees
up to fifty or more thousand, and
as the number of bees in the hive
increases, the larger is the per
centage -of field bees, which are
free to leave the hive and be of
service in pollenizing the fruit.
To Make All Strong.
With this one important fact
before us, let us see what can be
done toward making all available
colonies strong, at the time the
bees are needed in the orchard.
The normal colony should come
through winter with a working
force in early February of close to
fifteen thousand bees. In order
to bring this colony's strength up
to fifty thousand or more, six
fundamental conditions are neces
sary, namely: Good queens, suf
ficient stores, ample brood rear
ing room, good wintering, swarm
control, and disease control.
An inferior queen may lay but a
few hundred eggs in a day when a
good queen under similar condi
tions would lay about two or three
ttousand. This is of fundamental
importance In building up a col
ony. Furthermore the workers
reared from the better queens
when properly selected are ener
getic workers, less subject to dis
ease and more gentle to handle.
The standard Italian queens bred
for utility rather than color are
to be recommended. They may be
purchased from' breeders. If one is
not prepared to rear his own.
Need Good Stores.
Having secured good queens It
Is highly important ,that they be
provided with conditions favor
able for maximum brood rearing,
during the early spring. The first
condition necessary Is ample
stores. The queen tends to stop
egg laying when the stores in the
hive drop to approximately 1 j
pounds. It is a good practice to
see that a surplus beyond this
amount Is always present.
With sufficient stores and fa
vorable conditions, a "good queen
will during late March ' find ' the
one story, ten frame hive too
small, so will be unable to lay to
her full capacity. It is important
to remember that the workers
hatched from eggs laid three
weeks before fruit bloom are the
bees which will do the bulk of the
pollenizing and; for that reason It
Is extremely important to have
the queen laying to her maximum
capacity at that time.
Since it Is desirable to have the
colony filled up early In the
spring In order to be Btrong by
fruit bloom time it is desirable to
have the colony well prepared for
winter. There 'are three funda?
mental things necessary for suc
cessful wintering. The first of
these la a strong force, of young
workers, at least 15,t)00. Second,
abundant stores which means
from thirty-five to forty pounds,
or better still, from fifty to sixty.
Third, sufficient protection against
prevailing winds, excess moisture
and low temperatures.
To Prevent Swarming
When colonics have conie
through the winter in good condi
tion, and the weather has permit
ted them to gather considerable
nectar from the. maples, they are
very apt to make preparations tor
swarming about the second week
of April, which if not prevented,
will greatly lessen their number
of field workers. It la therefore.
of extreme importance that j the
colony not only be built up to the
maximum strength, but that it be
kept from dissipating this strength
In swarming Just before or at' the
starting of fruit bloom.
Some of the Important factors
In swarm prevention are: Young
queens, not over two years' old
preferably only one year old. A
minimum of drome comb, result
ing in a minimum number - of
drones in the hive": Sufficient
ventilation, a moderate amount of
shade during the hottest part of
the day, sufficient brood rearing
room, that Is two ten-story hives
or a larger one-story hive..
Thee Fundamental Thing.
The last fundamental condition
necessary for strong colonies, is
freedom from disease. There are
two serious diseases of the young
bees, or brood, known as Euro
pean foulbrood and Amer:can
foulbrood. It is absolutely nee-
essary Ho be ever on. thd guard
against both diseases, and . under
stand theiiStreatment. If not kept
free from these diseases, the bees
will soon succumb and the hives
will be nothing'' bat sources of
contamination to other tees in the
neighborhood, for' several-, miles
about. .L.i. -
Consider Location.' i 1
Another Item to' consider Is lo
cation of the bees in the orchard.
(Continued on page ten)
fe
4f lJO K) A
Auto Electrle Work ',
iElb. BARTON i
1T1 & Commercial St.
HOTEL
MARION
The Largest and ; Host
Complete Hostelry fa
Oregon, Out gj; Portland
DRAGER FRUIT
Dried Fruit Packers
21 a. High BW Salem, Or.
Always fa the market f cr
dried fnxiVbf all kind
Next Week's Slogan
SUBJECT IS : ,
tie pou my
Licensed Lady Embalmer
to care for women and
children is a necessity in
all funeral homes. We are
the only onb furnishing
such service.
Terwillfget
Funeral Home
77t Chemeketa St,
Phone 724 Salem, Oregoa
NOW IS THE TIME!!
To look after your heat
ing plants and tee that It la
In good order, or It you are
coins to need a new one.
t f
. ; This Is the appropriate
time to boy It! . ,
THEO f.L BARR
' ; 164 8. Coml St.
The; Salem district is potentially the best
bee country in the world, and must become
such. -. '. x ! ' '; : .vV .
Manuals," School Helps and
Supplies .
T
Tour order will be given
PROMPT attention
The J. X Kraps
Company
Kent S. Kraps, Mgr.
t Box 00
Salem,
Oregon
OUR TREES
Or-Tf ally Grown Caref ally
Selected Carefully Packed
-. , f -- '
TOI1 Give Satisfaction to the
I Planter ' 5
SALEM NURSERY
1 COMPANY
428 Onfeon Building :
i PIIOXE 1763 .
Additional Salesmen Wasted