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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (July 22, 1923)
' ' ' ' ' THE Maintenance of Rigid Cement Slabs Under Hichway Traffic "Is Annually Mounting Expend . . m n i Versus "Concrete Roads Will Last Over One Hundred Years" Col. Boyden, Representing Portland Cement Association, Chicago, Salem Statesman, April 12, 1923: 1. 1 s . The following news Item ap pearing ip the "Salem Statesman" for April 12. 1923, reads like fic tion to those familiar with road maintenance: "' : I- '"' v "Concrete Road Bent, Declare j Col. Boyden "Concrete (Portland cement) roads well built according; to our specification will last 100 years and then be good to start In - on the second century lap." (Col. Boyden comes from Chi eago, and is the field represente es of the Portland Cement Asso ciation.) . t v ThetJannuar maintenance of Portland cement concrete In sev ral states based on public rec ords, is sis follows: Michigan 9 s 51.00 per mile per year on 105 miles of road. a v. rags age 6 years; (Report . .State Highway Commission). Utah $425.00 per mile per year on 55 miles of road, average - age "years; (Utah Road Commission Report). Oregon-f i?f .00 per mile percent; f.M le t years; : (Fifth Biennial ' Report of Oregon State High way Commission. covering period to Dee. 1922.) ' California- $450.00 per mle per year on 4700 miles. laid be tween 1913 and 1920, 66 of which was laid since 1916, so' that the average age of 56of Che total Portland ce ment concrete roads on which repairs are reported was less than 3 years (Industrial News Bureau. Jan., 1923 ). - i 3 t i - New York $94300 per mile per year, arerage age 7 years (1921 N. Y. State report.). 1 After spending the above high costs for annual maintenance on comparatively . j new pavements, many states. Including Utah, face an expense of upwards of $25,000 per mile for reconstruction due to How the 1 Radio Proves that Flowers ; V: .Actually Feel Pain When Plucked '" Flowers actually feel pain -when plucked or torn, according to Dr. Albert Abrams of San Francisco, who. announces this discovery as .result of a series of experiments with a super radio set. ;The radio used by -Dr. Abrams is attached to what he calls a re flexophone, which . catches from ti9 air the vibrations and records them by means of. delicate tuning methods, rr ' ' The: boxes of .the reflexo phone are placed on a table with their dialed covers. ' Wires connect the reriexophone to . tiny Instruments arranged on a board whereon three lighted bulbs glow; warmly and from Which rises an amplify ing horn. The radio is equipped with an antennae, a delicate look ing rod attached to the set by a black cord. - This delicate machine. Dr. COLLEGE COriTBOL Danger Is Detected bv Prof, T Harry W. Tyler of Mas sachusetts Tech 1 4- CAMBRIDGE. Mass.. July 21. vi Cooperation between national soc ieties representing college teach ers on the one hand and college ad ministrative officers on the other a a means" of arriving at a better unserstandlng and better methods In American colleges and universi ties is suggested , by Professor t Harry W. Tyler. 'Professor Tyler Is bead of the mathematics Insti tute of. Technology and secretary (of the American Association of University Professors, , ; ; Referring to the recent enforced resignation of President Alexan- ; 'del Melklejohn of Amherst Col lege and the resignation of sever at Clark University professors ac companied by statements protest ing against the methods of Presi dent Wallace W. Atwood, he says:. ' ." '"::',;" V; "These events cannot be -regarded as merely local In their significance. Quite 'regardless of . the faults or merits of individuals la there not .reason to Infer that the events are merely symptoms of some more fundamental defect In the organization of our highest ' lnstltutionat ' . ; ; k The four groaps Involved in nnl ver!tyi management, 'Professor Tr'-r are. the trustees,. the Pl j lla UI1 'J ! the "broken down and rapid disin tegration" I (Salt ! Lake Tribune May , 1923) of the roadway. How long will engineers' be blinded to rhe fact that rigid bod-i les, such as Portland cement con crete slabs, will not stand, even for a limited number of years, the continual , pounding of modern traffic, without becoming weak ened by fatigue, and remedy this effect by construction at the out set an asphalt ic surface to take the shock and blow of traffic? The following analysis of Port land cement concrete road main tenance. giving a "deadly paral lel." further confirms the fallacy of "concrete for permanence," in road construction being a review of actua cost of maintenance of roruana . cement concrete roaas taken, from; public records in sev eral states, as follows: Wayne county, Mich., Utah, Oregon and California, j Wayne' County, Michigan, Ex perience: ' j Engineering papers generally have published a, report by LeRoy C, Smith, Engineer Man. ager, County Road Commission ers,. Waynecounty, Michigan, read at tne annual Michigan conference on Highway Engineering, Feb. 14, 1933, .which clearly shows the extensive organization- and equip ment and dose watch and fre quent repairs) required for main talnance of Portland cement con crete roads, j as shown by the Wayne county,' Michigan, experi ence on road from one to eleven years old, i, i This' Is further accentuated by an article son "Concrete Road Maintenance Methods and Tools," by C C Pflrman, Deputy Commis sioner, Mirth jgan State Highway Department, j Lansing, Michigan, published In the Engineering News Record of April 26, 1923, from which the .following concluding paragraph Is taken: ! - "In a general way it may be said that for a 16- to 20-foot Port land cement concrete road well built. It will cost in the neighbor hood of $50 per mile annually for .1 :, Abrams believes, will some day be perfected to the point; where It will stand on street corners, and In stores so that those who care to may drop'' a. coin in the slot and ascertain what ails them. f. The first test Dr. Abrams made was to record the vibrations of cancer. The ' moment ' the anten na rod approached a bottle con taining a cancer in alcohol, the horn gurgled audibly. Wheq. the bottle was removed and the rod adjusted, the horn sounded again, but after a magnet had been pass ed over the spot the radio failed to .respond.' ::- J : . The radio recorded the mess age broadcast, by. the cancer. Dr. Abrams explained. "The cancer communicated a portion of its energy to the spot where the bot tle had stood, hence the same re action.. The magnet sterilized the spot, hence the reaction." ergraduates. The trustees ; are nsually 'somewhat averse to In novation." Members -of the fac ulty "may have become critical rather than constructive or co-operative." To a -certain faction of the alumni "athletic victories are the chief aim "and glory of alma mater." The undergraduates are "eager for new Ideas and leader ship, not always just In their sense of proportion as to 'activities' and scholarship and liable . to be ex ploited by those most Interested In commercialized athletics." , Remarking that : the college president is expected; to make more or less successful appeal to all these groups. Professor Tyler says: -; : T v 2 'if"5Sl "There are 'probably such sup ermen (If not in presidential cap tivity) but the chance of discover ing one for a given place is well nigh negligible. The difficulties which arise are mainly due to the fact that the business manage ment and the educational conduct of an Institution continually over, lap. : In numberless matters of great Importance best results re quire co-operation of trustees and faculty or both with alumni. "Under . present conditions , in this country each Institution is a law unto itself. - Interesting and valuable experiments are easily tried here and there but with no certainty of permanence or imita tion. . :" "The way out to a better under standing and" better method nec essarily lies ultimately with :the Individual ' college but much ' wil depend on organized and concerted action. s The , possibility of. this now rests in such national socie ties as the American Association of University Professors . on. the one ..hand. . representing the col le?a 4eacberTjd the Association filling cracks and joints and a total annual nrfab maintenance of from SlOO to S-IOO per mile, de pending on the amount of traffic." Consequently, the eleven years' experience of Wayne county, Mich igan, is that ' Portland cement concrete roads of the most mod- fern type it subjected to any con siderable amount of traffic will- cost np to si-ISO per mile per an num for maintenance. i; The Engineering News Record of April 26, 1923, in an editorial on the subject of "Concrete Road Maintenance" says: "While the demonstration Is clear that the cost of maintaining concrete roads Is not extravagant in i comparison with i the ; cost '.of keeping up working structures of other sorts, it . is quite ma clear that the Portland cement concrete road .is annually a mounting ex pense. Utah , Experience: The Salt Lake Tribune, under date of May 8, 1923. contains the following Item ' under the heading. "Wider Ogden "Road Planned:" f i s The State road commission met at Farmlngton yesterday, .with the Davie county commission. ' ' The conference was on the prob lem raised by the rapid disintegra tion of the present sixteen-foot pavement' (Portland cement con crete), laid In 1915 or 1916. The state commission some time ago decided on an effort to make the reconstruction of this pavement a part of the 1923 federal aid pro gram." : - ; ; ' -.' Yesterday, the state and feder al officials made a recommenda tion to the Davis county commis sion, asking that they undertake a co-operative agreement for the widening and resurfacing of the broken down Portland cement con crete highway. It is estimated that the four miles would cost about $100,000 of which Davis county would , be asked to bear the state's portion of $26,000, the federal government putting up the remainder of the cost. ' The horn responded to the leaf of a nasturtium, Dr. Abrams then cut the leaf and there was no re action. Another leaf held over the mouth of a chloroform, bottle was similarly torn , and cut but without the radio recording the reaction. - -1 - - ..-".;- . -' ? "Plants .'broadcast waves of radio activity," Dr.-Abrams ex plained. "Tearing hurts the leaf, cutting is painless.... When .the plant is influenced by chloroform it has no pain." Portland Journ al. (Di. Abrams, referred to above. is Dr. Albert Abrams, discoverer of the methods Of diagnosis and treatment of diseases now being employed throughout the ; world by thousands of; graduate: physi cians, and known as the E. R. A., or ; the ' Electronic Reactions of Abrams.) ;. M " , I of American Colleges the Associa tion of State Colleges, etc., on the other, representing administrative officers and to some extent trus tees. Through' the co-operation pt these bodies it should, for the first time in our educational h'.s tory, be possible to deal with a national problem in . a national way, establishing standards which may count, on progressive accep tance by the colleges." f '-'T!" Ill E 2 Carloads of Superior Mod 'els Arrive for Newton- , Chevrolet Agency The demand for Chevrolet's ia exceeding by far the opt put ac cording to statements " made ' by Mr. Newton, manager of the Newton-Chevrolet agency here.; This is a creditable event, however, and is a situation that might be envied by manyother manufactur ers of. cars. " Z I '". ' " ; The Salem agency received two car loads of Chevrolets Tuesday and now have on display In their Sales . room some of the ' latest models and styles, ranging from the Seadenette, a nobby four pas senger . maehlne with," streamline body, high hood, . and the new drum style head lamps, to the truck chassis. . All of these cars are ,pf the new. "superior type, and 1 are certainly a revelation in auto' construction---:-. - - i EW SHIPMENT OF UHETS : Resurfacing Proposed. ; "The. widening would be accom plished by placing on each side of the present pavement a three-foot slab of Portland cement concrete. eight inches thick. With the pres ent 16-foot roadway this would give a total width to the traveled surface of the road of twenty-two feet. On each side would be a four-foot shoulder, bringing the total width of the highway to thir ty feet. "The cement' sides would be laid so as to extend two inches above the present surface of the paved portion of the roadway. The por tion in between, it is proposed to surface with a two-inch layer of asphaltic concrete, using the pres ent Portland cement concrete pavement as the base. "The Portland cement concrete would extend the same depth into the ground as the present hard surface pavement and the new pavement would be eight inches thick at the edges, with a maxi mum of eight inches of cement and two of bituminous concrete at the center." - The expense on the sections of Portland, cement concrete road be tween Ogden and Salt Lake" are as follows: , Several sections totaling about 35 miles were constructed 1914 to 1921. Portland cement concrete used. Eight Inches thick at sides; six Inches in center; , width, six teen and eighteen feet.' The maintenance on this road according to state records is as follows: 1919 $1405.00 per mile per year on 12 miles, average age 3 years; " 1920 $480.00 per mile per year on Z?. 3 miles of which 10 miles is only one year old. . It is now planned to reconstruct and . widen the road. The real necessity for the reconstruction, is to "repair the broken down Port land cement concrete . highway made necessary by the rapid disintegration of the present 10- foot pavement, laid in 1015 or THINGS THAT By GENE' Prices on this 1923 line remain practically the same. In spite of the added equipment, such as in; some cases, an auto truck, sun visor windshield wiper and other features that add' beauty, conven ience and comfort. E TO HOLY MECCA Pilgrims Engage in Observ ance at the Birthplace . of Mohammed CAIRO, July 19. -Pilgrims are now converging ? on Mecca, their sacred city and the birthplace of Mohammed. Thousands are tra veling from all parts of the Mos lem world to ' be present on the day of sacrifice. July 24. Egyp tian Mohammedans have dispatch ed , the sacred carpet to - Mecca, with elaborate , ceremonial and prayer. -, ' .t.". Since the burial of the Prophet Mohammed, moire than a thous . IT'S THE LftST ) Sa . V HAVCi ( VOU ThrT 7 B V y s the HERvtt y ; j 3Sa&XSrlKT. gMC M MS FLOCK 1910." The state officials, look ing to the future, have decided to widen the highway at the same time that they, repair the rapil ly deteriorating and broken down roodltions" of the " present Port land cement 'concrete roadway. (Salt Lake Tribune, 5-8-'23L) The cost of the ! reconstruction of this four-mile stretch Is esti mated at $100,000, or $25,000 per mile. "! ' ' r , ". ;. Other sections than the four- mile' section referred to- In the clipping are In various, stages of disintegration, as shown by the abnormal sums spent in annual maintenance given ; above. Only seven years have lapsed since this Portland , cement concrete pave ment was built by the State of Utah, under' supervision Sof the State Highway Engineer, who was thoroughly conversant with con crete construction, and under1 the co-operation and advice of the Portland cement manufacturers. and yet the roadway now requires $25,000 per mile to reconstruct it with asphalt ic type of construction which will take the' "impact" t and prevent further disintegration by traffic. ' i ' The above 'would -prove to an unbiased mind -If It k were not al ready convinced by the failure in other . states, such as California, where $65,000,000 is reported to be required for ' similar recon struction purposes thatl traffic in its pounding effect , on rigid slabs of Portland cement concrete is rapidly weakening the pave ments to a point ' of fatigue and the inevitable result with such a rigid slab subjected to traffic, . Is to become weaker as it agea, until It becomes absolutely i necessary to resurface with a shock-absorbing asphaltlc surface as how rec ommended by the State Road Commission, to be done with the Ogden-Salt Lake highway. (See news item Salt ; Lake . Tribune 5-8-23, quoted above). Oregon Experience : , From . the Biennial Report of the State High way Commission of the State of NEVER HAPPEN BYRNES - and years ago. Christians have been forbidden to enter the Holy City, which Is surrounded with great mystery and veneration. But in spite of this Interdiction, ,16 Christians are known to have en tered the city In disguise. Death would have been their fate, if they had been detected.; ' Thus far no American has set foot within Its sacred walls. The foreigners who have penetrated the city, have been mostly Englishmen. I who ' spoke Arabic and . disguised themselves as priests or peasants. ! t On arrivai within a short dis tance of Mecca the pilgrim dis cards hia ordinary clothing and assumes the garb of a "Hajee" a garment consisting of a white apron with a piece of cloth thrown over the shoulder. ; Sandals may be worn, but the head' must be kept uncovered. r j . In the city Itself certain ablu tions are performed, after which the "Black Stone Is kissed, and the pilgrim runs seven times r6und the mosque. 'After special and genuflections he then drinks from the ' Holy Well, and once more kisses the stone. ' - On the following morning there takes place the quaint ceremony of pelt in the devil with - stones, fctlowei by .lheacri;ice when Oregon, 1921-1922, covering .the period to Dec. 1922, the following Is quoted: .Maintenance. "Last , year v this work Involved the maintenance of 485 miles of bituminous pavement, 106 miles of concrete pavement, which mile ages are entirely exclusive' of any mileage of new work constructed during 1922. "The maintenance of the mile ages stated above, inclusive of the maintenance of bridges cost dur ing the one-year period distributed as follows: . Maintenance of bituminous pave. I ment (Warren type) $46,669.31 Maintenance of Portland cement , pavements ... .$25,186.90 ; Note: This statement when reduced to cost per mile shows the following: Bituminous (Warren) Miles maintained, 485; total cost, $4 6, 669.31; cost per mile. $96.20; average age, 3.25 years. f Portland Cement Miles main tained, 105; total cost $25,186.90; cost per mile, $239.80; average age." 2.10 years. 'Bituminous maintenance in cludes maintaining all Bitulithlc pavements, tq-wit: -: 228 mlleB of 2 in. surface on crushed rock base ' ' 257 miles of 2 In. surface on U 3 In. mixed base Total 485 miles bituminous. ' I The satisfaction given by the bituminous pavement : (Warren type) in Oregon is further referred to ln the report of the , Oregon State Highway Commission, ; cov ering period to Dec. 192 2. "The Columbia River Highway Is considered to be one of the fi nest and most 'scenic highways in existence, and ' its construction represents an achievement in road building which, is not equaled any where." i, . I Note: The Columbia River Highway is Warren pavement laid in 1015. - . i California Experience; That the original investment in highways sheep, goat,! cow; or camel Is, of fered according to the pilgrim's means. : This concludes the pil grimage. " " ; 3 i The meat of the slaughtered animal is prepared for use on tbo return Journey, and the pilgrim receives ' a certificate that he la now a "Hajee." As a mark of distinction be thereafter wears a green . band round his headdress, which proves to all the world that he has endured the hardships of the pilgrimage. :; - 1 VVinchell Is Transferred to ' . , Position at Silverton SILVERTON, Or., July! 20. (Special to The Statesman.) George Winchell, who has been with the Portland Railway, Light & Power company for 1 4 years, has been transferred from Salem to Silverton to take charge of the Silverton division. Mr. Winchell will make bis home at Silverton as soon as hla daughter, who is .111, is improved' enough, to be moved. -" i Agricultural 'item -The horse radish Is a native of England and the turnip they put in it orig Inally came from. Rome. Ask Our ' service; co: .' Tires - ARMSTRONG - Tube 271 Chemeketa is being dissipated is illustrated by the following quotation .from "Building and, Engineering News," September 17, 1919, published at San Francisco. Calif.: . .. "Highway Maintenance (In Portland Cement Concrete) Contracts let 1912-1913 f ........... -.. 3 16 miles Maintenance' cost 1914 1 . ...... ..... .... .$265. per mile Contracts let 1912-1914 1 ' ......... ... . . . . 718 miles Maintenance coat. '19 15 ' " v. ... . . . . . . ... . . .$033 per mile Contracts let 1912-1915 , ' i.. . . . . 966 miles , Maintenance cost 1916 T .'.V... $1231 per mile The . average, - annual maintenanfto costper mile Is about 10 of the first cost, or in ten years at that rate we shall have paid out as much for maintenance as the original cost, and we have still only started to pay off on the bonds." j From the San Francisco Chron icle, July 3, 1921,' we quote the following: t "State Roads . wearing fast say autobus. Misleading da ta supplied to public." .'. . i t, : "The stretch of State! Highway In Contra Costa county near Eck ley, built only three years ago, is a typical example .of how the State Highway . Commission is preserving Its original investment. The -original investment) was seen in broken pieces of Portland ce ment concrete blocks lining the road. A statement Issued by the Chairman of the Highway Commis sion in April. 1921, shows 290 miles. of original Investment which was then In such a broken np and cracked condition as to need im mediate reconstruction, and thirty-nine miles of this total Is less than three years old. . f "To describe the work of add ing an additional inch to this bad ly shattered and broken Portland cement concrete pavement as con serving the original Investment is entirely misleading and the people of this state are entitled' to a FIGHT IS IDE Summer School Idea in Mod ified Form Being Used in South Carolina COLUMBIA, S. C. July 19. The summer school idea, In a modified form, is being used ' by South KJarolina in this state's fight to wipe out Illiteracy. Vacation boarding schools for men and women who have lacked educational opportunities have ben arranged for the summer by the state department of education in cooperation with the authorl ties of .Lander college for women, at Greenwood, and Erskine cbllege for men '. at Due h West, . A full month's course In elementary sub jects Is offered at each Institution at a cost of $12.50 to the student, which includes "all- expenses ex cept transportation and laundry. Pupils whose education has N ILLITERACY Customers About Us SALEM AUTOMOTIVE more frank and truthful exposi tion of this wasteful and extrava. gant attempt to cover up engineer. , ing mistakes. "Let the commission show in straightforward facts and fignres' Just what remains of the 'original ' investment' in the 10.7 miles ofi ; road south of Willows, the 20 odd miles of road in Los Angeles and 4 Ventura counties, through Cala- basas and over the Canejo grade, the eight and three-fourths miles' of lateral h'ghway near Colusa, the--. v ten miles of. highway east of Saa ' Diego, the three miles in Alameda v county north of San Jose, the six mile section In Sonoma county v south of Healdsburg and on all cf , the sections making np the 23 ' miles of Portland cement concrete pavement now so badly disinte- i grated that more than $7,000,000 are needed at once, according to ; ! the commission to continue the preservation of the original la- vestment. ' i Conclusion: The failure of rig. , a id Portland cement concrete slabs ; to withstand, successfully without! i Injury, the Impact of traffic after 4 several years use. Is a phenome non that is receiving the general attention of . road experts, and? jj statements like that made by tLejrf representative of the Portland Ce- U ment Association namely: Concrete roads well built ac-' cording to our specifications will : ; last IOO years and then be good, to start on the second' century' , lap," is tantamount to fraud.'Were. ; the statement! modified to read: ; "Portland " cement . concrete 4 j roads will last for three years and then be good to start on the sec- ond three-year lap." the statement I i would still be at variance withl f ! the facts; and even such a short' term of service as three years for ; j rigid- slabs cannot be proved by past performances, taking the av- A erage r condition of Portland ce ment concrete roads in any sec-, tlon as a criterion. f " equalled that of an average sixtk grade pupil are, not accepted foi enrollment, nor are boys an j girls .under 14 years old. ; , The pupils live in the collegv dormitories and eat In the college dining halls, and in tact, accord ing to Miss Wil Lou Gray, state, supervisor of adult school work, lead tne same lives that are lei by the college students durtn? the regular terms. r : Eighty-nine girls and women at tended the first "opportunity' summer school, -which was con ducted at Londer college las', summer. T The course offered tt'. ' summer m at Erskine is the fir.', made available to men and be:: The ages of the Lander studef ( ranged from 14 to 54 last ye:r the average age being 18 years. Many - of the women came frc : . the cotton mill villages, and not i fewt of these ' had their expens paid by the management of tl mills 1n -wbfc:.?Hfcy worked f: ths remainder .f the year, s Vl;.wanted tota able; to" he my little' 7-year. 0I4 son with 1 lessons.1 oneef the older worn students said" last year, when c plaining- what had prompted 1 to leave her family.' and enroll f the summer course. . Phone 361