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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 15, 1923)
We; Give Our Beet t Efforts , ; k Hznt Bros. Packing : " Cczpany rCalera, Oregon Devoted to Showing Salem District People the Advantages and Opportunities ofThpir Own Country and Its Cities and Towns. r Quality Fruits, Ik. Proper growing, -Proper packing, r Intelligent selling, -Courteotis treatment, Community service, At all -times to assist la an? poalbla war the dTel opment of the ' fruit anl berry Industries Xa tills Til ler. The Way to BuHd Up Your Home Town j The Surest Way to Get More and Larger Is to Patronize Your Home People . 1 ' Industries Is to Support Those You Have I i. v .s p 1 SEELING SALE M DJ ST R IGT ;. sjSJBSBJBSBBBJBBjiVBVSSSJBSBjBVBflB BSSBSBBbBBSBBBJBBJbSJBBJBBJBM - T-'V.:- i , I:, 4 i Axe the steps to business success' ; 7 , DEHYDRATED and CANNED t; FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 4 Oregon Products King's Food Products Company .wV . Salem Portland The Dalles ; ; Gidsca Stolr Ccsipany . , Salem brfcjjo Pure Cider tflnerar j Carbonated Beverages , and ...... 1 l.ulpltxr SoTBllDn tj i; ' . ... - ? j. Track dallTary t all 'patts of tk , WiUu "Valley ViHetteYallayPnii: f0 The oldest Association In the Northwest. W.T. JENKS .-' Secretary said Manaeer v 1 Trade St XlJsh Bts. . . r2 i7. BOS. If-'' Warts. JU furnaaa, i plnmbinf . kaatlcf mad Ltei matcl work, ia , ,'an4 sraTjU ; rvofin. nrl , JV .. - 't!r ta Ua rtlTsaistd Iron i -; 1 " ' . -' " SsVCtaiaeisU1' St. ' rfcdne ' 190 Dixie Health Bread Ask Your Grocer ARvays IUda" the . TrclhyV Convenient Comfortable Safe and Economical, toor . Tioketo Bare Time JEk)ld.in Stripe of R for 30c . Sczticra Pacific Lines MlMRS Tka Statemas' haa'beao iptr ; inir tha wanta et . th , critical job ; J pnatinc i tfada " : ; - Troef jHiTa w ; ara - prlntara . at worth and narit. J ' j Voders aqntpneat and idaa ara tVa Ufa taat ga ar, - STATESL1M1 PUBLISIIBIG COLIPAIIY I rv3M "a a us. t s. SEED POTATO IW1PR0VEMETJT RULES BY the Procedure That Is Proposed for Cleaning Up Oregon in Order, That More Oregon Farmers May Secure Bet ter Yield and Quality and Achieve the Distinction of ; Certification Station Circular 25 in Full. "(The - following is' n full Station Circular of .the Ore- egon Agricultural cbtl&ge Experi ment station; the subject being "Seed Potato Inxprorement," the date being April, 1812, and the author, "being ,Prof. George R Hyslop of the; farm crops depart xnent: ) '.--" ! . NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT The aTerage acre production of potatoes for Oregon in 1 3 2 1 was 90 bushels .Twenty other states exceeded it. Maine, with three times our acreaga produced sn arerage5 acre'yleld' of .28S bush-ebi- " This 13-2 times our acre production forthe same year. Malntt's ten-year acre produc tion f or V thWreflrs 1 9$2 to 1 921 Inclusive was 210 bushels, com- i pared with 118 for Oregon. Ore gon was twelfth in' the United States in production tb the acre for the decade. -That" Oregon production is perhaps slowly im proving ; is indicated by ' the fol lowing United J States department of agriculture statistics .by de cades for Oregon, for Q.years. : . Tears 1870-79. acre yield 115 ! bushels; " 1886-89, 9 8 bushels; 1 1890-99.. 103 bushels; 1900-10. i 109 bushels; 1910-19. 120 bush- eds. -r V.v We hare a few gallons of BASS-HUETER . u and. -: PHOENIX PURE ' PAINT M Whih we are closlas; ont at $3.00 Per Gallon Call .and ' aeo . our - stock of palnt.1. leads,' oils Falls City-Salern Lamb er Company A. B. KeUar. ilrr. 349 S. 12tk St. Phona til Ed. CHASTAIN CLOTHING CO. ; -305 Slate St.f Men's and .Young Men's Clothing and Furnishinirs" Uso my stairs. , " .". It pays SALEM IRON WORKS Founders, Machinists and , Blacksmiths? .' Corner , Woat A Stat 8ta. Maanfactarara . et.. tha .Baaad pnnrp for irri)fmlka . and other pnrpoaa. ' Corrapaaduni- : aolie itl. ' Irrirttion - inftfrmatie aap plied. '. Jiakars f Salem iroa Tories Brae Stwi,,.; . . HOTEL . BLIGH 100 rooms' of Solid Comfort A Home Away From ' aL - Selling Salem ; : This campaign of publicity for community upbuilding has been made possible by the advertisements placed on these pages by our public spirited business men tp m ; whose untiring efforts have builded our present recognized prosperity and who are ever striving for greater and yet greater progress as the years go fcy v r - . AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE WHY SUCH SMAL.L. YIELDS The small yields are due to four principal causes. r : I. Too .Many Varieties ; . j : Varietal Standardization ' Need ed. Potatoes of Oregon must be standardized , on i varieties ' that will yield well, sell well, and be of good cooking- quality. Earliest of All and Early; Ohio are good early yarieties for eastern Ore gon. 4 Earliest of All! and .Early Rose are excellent for western Oregon ; -vu. ;, y - 11 j j r For eastern ! Oregon main-crop potatoes. Netted Gems, Burbanks. and Idaho Rurals are very good. Western Oregon varieties are Burbankrl';-American;,ti Wonder, Gold Coin, Pacific White Rose, and some 'Garnet Chili for a spe cial market i . .!'? vV- ; Many other varieties and strains would better . be dropped because of low yields, poor market, and poor quality. ; IT. Unproductive Hills ' ! j i Many, fields have, low yields be cause of planting run-out and dls eased seed. Such - seed produces hills that die i early and yield tew if any marketable potatoes. These unproductive hills may he elimin ated In part by selecting ; only smooth, symmetrical, . disease-free tubers t of I market size, treating properly-with the corrosive subli mate and usmg plenty of seed cut right, r J- ,.f:;.x , i: : - Planting rough, pointed, crook ed or misshapen tubera or little ones 'usually means ; diseased plants. These off-type potatoes are often the result of infection with some form of wilt and the little ; ones often are small be cause of wilt or mosaic. ' These are the most difficult of the tu ber-borne diseases to combat.: (A lot of potatoes rough or small is usually diseased. (Pull descrlp- Buy the Oregon' ! Made furnaces W. W. R0SEBRAUGH ' ca . ; r Foundry and Machine Shop f ,17th & Oak Sts., Salem, Or. Phone 886 Wa Ara Ont Attar Two MUUona W ara now payinr orer three: quarter of a million doll ara a yoar, to tha dairrmea of , thia aaction foremilk. ,-i i .... u . i ' ' "Marion Butter", 5 j ; X th Boat Bnttar - Mor Cowa and Bottor Cows is tha erjln naad . . MARION CREAMERY! & PRODUCE CO. ! Salem, Ore. Phone 2488 8atem Carpet Cleaning and RUFF RUG ; WORKS , ' All sizes of ItK and Fluff ' Ruga Woven .Old Mattress Steaming and ' " Remaking - - 1 Otto Zwicker, Prep. J3H & WilbHr StreeU District is a continuation of the Salem Slogan and Pep and Progress Campaign l' ; ! v tion of these diseases may be found in Oregon Agricultural Col lege Experiment Station - circular 24.) ' Failure to treat permits more disease to develop and low yields ' are harvested. ' - " " " III. Poor Stands ; -p -Examlnations during the grow ing season show that, tnanyf fields are full of missing places.1' Targe yields cannot be secured from empty ' fields. " Plants, must' be there in large number target good yields. Planting Machines. The best average stands are secured with the "two man" potato planters. Next often comes band planting. and usually: the poorest average standi come from the "one man type of planter.:: ; Faulty planting makes thin stands. i J, Small Pieces Bad. Some thin stands are in part due to the use of too small seed pieces. ' Pieces one and one-half to, two ounces or. larger. in size should be used. The blossom-end piece of the. pct- tato snouid never, oe, split Jn cut ting.. - ':. . ! Coating the cut surfaces of the seed with land-plaster helps tb prevent rotting; of seed piecei in the ground and . better stands1 re-. suit. Many diseased" or untreated seed pieces never 'produce a plant. or it dies early and leaves'' va cant. v unproductive -'place in - the field. Properly, treated,- disease free seed r cut Marge - and 'land plastered makes' 1 the 'best' and most vigorous stand. -1 - IT. Not Enough Plant, Food or Sloisturo, ,. t t;M- j ' Many potato sons have becorme run down tnrquKn,., continuous ropping to cereal ;apd cultivated crops and, without. lemes Such 'ands frequently . lac r nitrogen. and sometimes other plant, ,f pods ire lacking, whichj are- 5 necessary 'or , good, potato .. production.' Where alfalfa or cloyer precede the potato crop.; good yields .ara usually secured; ' This . Is. especi ally true where the "legume, has been fertilized with a material carrying sulphur. ; - . ... ,'On ' non-legume soils - where moisture conditions are goodk sul fate or ammonia at loo io:auu pounds an acre has been found beneficial in - both .eaistern and western- ; Oregon. , Where s the growing season is . short or -the moisture is limited usually the smaller amount should be used,1' Occasionally in ; some western Oregon hill soils, superphosphate may rprove beneficial" ' It Is put on at ISO to 250 pounds an acre. .' Commercial fertilizer . should usually be broadcasted and work" ed into the - soil, - or if drilled should not come in direct contact with the seed piece. i : Rotation of crop wfth legumes, is the best - plan, and potatoes should not be grown oft the same land more often than once'' in three to six years, - 'Planting potatoes otr land that has produced diseased potatoes usually results in ' much disease and small yields. ' - 't " - :; . . t Improvement Attempts To improve the potatoes of the ! state, the extension service .has i been for several years, conducting 'a " potato - certification "project. This" has been helpful In imprqr- ing potato culture, but not enough seed has been certified to meet local needs. Seed imported frcjm another state has not, proved -of verr rood oualitv thusfar.- Cer- tmcation, alter an, is oniy secon dary, - as seed . of quality good enough to certify-produces better yields and quality of crop. 'Yields ' and freedom from disease are the real objectives and certification is the mark of that achievement. HOW TO IMPROVE SEED ! The Oreeon Agricultural col lege experiment station proposea the following procedure tn clean ing' up Oregon seed in order that more Oregon farmers ay secure better yield and Quality and achieve the distinction of certifi cation.: - .- Use for Seed . Only - Smooth, Symmetrical, Medinm-Sized Tubers -."' - -" "Sort." the Seed. Misshaped,. pointed, crooked, and little pota toes are. often the result -of bsd disease infection. The best' plan ts- to use for seed only, tubers that are smooth, symmetrical, of me dium size and that are weU filled QUt , at.botli, ends, esneclally the .stene'endj -; . , ' . ' - . J !By selecting to this type many of the badly; diseased tubers will be thrown but. While such po tatoes may be used for food, they should never be planted. Single. Drops Bad. The plant ing of single dropsy-small culls sorted out of ' market potatoes is a bad practice and may mean a predominance of disease and low yields. I I Creful : selection of the 'seed tubers reduces the percentage ' of disease but cannot completely eliminate It; II., Clip off the Stem End of the Potato and Kxamlne for ' Stem-End Discoloration . How It Ix0B.The stem-end discoloration referred to appears as a brown.' fibrous discoloration spreading put ' from the base of the 'stem ,ot the potato and about one-eighth inch under ' the skin. This' may be the result of several causes,- including 'Chilling and disease. Since potatoes - with a good clean white color are a bet ter type' to produce, those having the stem-end discoloration should be discarded. -: 0 ' : Chilled Seed. - Badly chilled seed in the experiment : station trial Iti i 1920 showed very low vitality and poor yields,' Pota toes thoroughly chilled in the soil before digging or afterward in storage usually show a' discolor ation' about one-eighth inch un der the skin and extending in i thin black layer or line from the stem end to the blossom end of the tuber. The general presence of the black line rather than a lighter-colored one principally near the stem end, when accom panied by lack of crispness and by a sweetish taste in the tuber. are indicative of chilling" Injury Such . potatoes' while not diseased are. not good seed. ' Wilt. Manv tnfeers . affected with wilt show stem-end dlscolor- atipn although many . discolor! lubars may not have wilt. Wilt enters the tuber through the stem. It often causes the fibrous, thread-Uke structures that spread out from the end of, the stem and are about one-eighth of an .inch under the skin to turn brown in color. This discoloration may: ex tend in only a little way; or in some cases it may extend well to ward the blossom end. of the po tato, kin the latter cases if the potato , is cut crosswise, the dis coloration appears - as a thin brown ring about an eighth of an inch under the skin of the pota to. Inmany instances the dis coloration may be slight and ex tend Into the tuber but a short distance- The stem Itself gener ally is dead to the place-where the fibers spread out. In examining the tubers, 1 one should have about three to four thin sharp " knives. Thin ' slices should be cut across the potato to cut Just under the end of the dead stem. ? If any brown - dis coloration appears spreading out distinctly from the stem, the po tato should not be used for seed. The knife should' be disinfected by dipping In a solution made up at the rate of one pint of formal dehyde to ten gallons of water. This is to avoid danger of, carry ing disease to the next tuber. All tubers showing clean and white. Just below the base of the stem, i and - showing no brown' fi bers, should be saved tor ; seed. They are likely to be. more free from wilt than undipped and un selected seed. Washing dirty po tatoes beforei ( clipping prevents "smudging" the cut .end and makes ' the clipping operation faster, easier, and more accurate. I. III. Treat- all Seed m a Corrosive :J Corrosive sublimate, sometimes called mercuric chloride, is a very poisonous chemical In white crys talline or powder: form. sIt .may be , bought at most drug 'stores. About "one ounce is required for each three to five bushels of po tatoes to be. treated. The solution must be prepared and handled in stone ; or wooden containers. A stock! solution of corrosive subli mate is prepared by dissolving It In hot water in a crock, wooden bucket, or barrel. - .A, gallon of hot water is. used for each four ounces of - corrosive sublimate. The druggist will gladly weigh out the( jborrosive sublimate in one, two,, or four-ounce packages, as desired. When thoroughly dis solved, one gallon of this solution is put into the wooden treating trough or barrel, for each 29 gal lons of water used; - This makes the standard strength of solution 4 ounces to 30 gallons. ' The clean; clipped potatoes are now treated loose in this solution for one and one-half to two hours, unless the sprouts "have started. In which -case, ' the treatment should not. extend over one hour. The 'solution may then be 'drawn off from the bottom of the trough or barrel ' or if the potatoes are being treated " fa wooden .- crates. they may be lifted out and drain ed. Since treating in the solution weakens it, after each treatment one , pint of the stock solution should be - added - to. the vat ; or barrel, for: each ' four bushels of potatoes treated two hours. . If treated less than two ' hours,' - a proportionately smaller amount should be ' Used. The solution in the vat or barrel is kept up to its original level by adding! solution of standard strength 4 ounces to S 0 gallons of - water, as needed. The use of the solution may be continued while it remains clear and this maybe for seven or eight treatments. ; ' ' Dirty potatoes should be wash ed before treating. If -' this Is done 12 to 24 hours before, It will soften up many of the large, black, scrufy spots of rhlzoctonla, making the treatment more ef fective.. ,.-.. ' - This treatment . kills most of the scab and rhlzoctonla. No po tatoes . should, be planted without treating the seed. IV. Cut the Potatoes to Save the Bloesom-End Piece -How to . Cut. -Several years work at the experiment station shows that the blossom-end piece of the potato is the best seed piece. The common practice of splitting the' blossom end in cut ting seed potatoes greatly impairs the vigor of the plants and re duces the yield. Potatoes should be- cut to save the" blossom-end piece. (A forthcoming bulletin on potatoes will show this in de tail.) , Reasons for Blossom-End Cut. There are four reasons: 1. The terminal sprout is usu ally the most rigorous. : ; 2. The blossom-end pieces pro duce more sprouts and therefore more plants to' the hill, 3i The blossom end is. farthest from the stem end where the wilt enters and it has less disease to limit the crop. v ; - ; ; 4. The yield is ' greater.' ; - The blossom-end pieces' trill be most free from disease and should be kept E separate, although after the selection, clipping, and treat meat, the other pieces of the po tato will also be good seed if cut large enough to have plenty' of eyes. .-1, ' ".-: kk; i . ; . . j Slzeyof Piece. All potato-seed' pieces should be cut to have not fewer than ";two - eyes; more are better. The pieces should weigh not under -one and one-halt to two sOjtnces. On : rich soils with plenty tf- moisture, larger pieces may be advantageously used! .In frosty sections, plants from large, seed pieces recover from frost In Jury more quickly. . Why suffer with Stomach . Trouble when Chlropractio RemoTe the Cauae V. Coat Cut Seed With Lnd . Plaster. - : Freshly cut seed while still wet should be shoveled over.wijh land plaster, as this coats or hardens the cut surface. 'It prevents much rotting of the seed In the soil, and appears . to " stiinulato. .: growth. Station results- Bho thatjn cold; soils where sprouting Is psr bet ter stands and yields are secured where land-plaster has been used.-l A 100-pound bag of land-plaster will coat about 35 to 40 bushels of potatoes cut for seed. Theut and coated seed should be planted soon or spread Out in a thin layer Jto prevent ; spoiling, . VI. ' Plant the rotators on Clean 'kkv .:. Land., , The selected, treated, plastered blossom-end cuts should be plant ed, only. On new land or on land that has had no potatoes, volun teer or otherwise, .for many yearfc The same kind of clean land may be used for ; the other pieces, but the two lots of cut seed should, be kept separate. , k -k j . Disease Remains 4n Soil Some diseases remain'' in the land for several years. Even when the cleah seed -is planted in a field soon; after a diseased crop has been grown,; it will become f uU of ; the. 'diseases Potatoes v free enough -from disease to certify should not be grown on the land more often than Once in three or four, years!" Where .common po tatoes have' been' grown, a longer rotation . is necessary because- of the disease, in the soil. I ; s j , Permanent potato? production calls for a regular rotation. The laBd: for potatoes '- should be planned ahead and a. legume crop should precede the. potato crop. VH.. Plant to Get a Stand ' Seed Bed; -Potatoes should he planted in a. good. deep, mellow seed bed. Hard or cloddy soli is not good " for potatoes. , " k Planting. -Use a machine that will plant the Ipdeces regularly and where you wantThem. ; See that it plants one piece in every hill and. omy one piece in any hill. - Otherwise plant by handk Time of Planting. Planting Bhould be done after' frost danger is over. ' In western Oregon Apr I or June Is usually -best. "May is not considered good unless irri gation is possible. 1 , ; ' ' In eastern Oregon at low' elevations.- March or"' April '-'planting Is good for early varieties.' May and June planting is preferred in higher or irrigated : dlsticts. ' ' ' VIH. Keep Fields Clean of Weeds Cultivation. Potatoes are .usu ally' harrowed before and after coming up and until they are three or four inches high. Shal low thorough- cultivation Is then needed often enough to control weeds. . Level culture Is best ex cept ' where the ' soil Is cold and moist .or where .it is irrigated. Blight ridging, may sometimes be necessary to keep " tubers , from bulging out and sunburning. Cul tivate only when vines .are dry. Weeds are : most k easily ' killed while they " are small. Cultiva tion' when the ground is dry - and free from weeds is nnnedessary. IX. Rogue Ont all Weak, Sick, or Diseased Plantsk 1 t Unproductive; Plants. -Weak Or Ask For Yocr Copy of Our Booklet "Your Next f v -. - j iir ' 1 Yocr Health Begin Yfcca Yen PIicss 87 .- for an appointment Drs. SCOTT 2: SCO FIELD ' 'T. 8. O. , CMroprsotrt : Ray Ziaboratory 414 to 41 U. S. Natl Ei. Bids. Ilours 10 to 12 amr and 2 to 0 pm . diseased' potato planfs are unpr ductlve and in most cases cane be cuited. 'Frequent field inspe tjons j7ouId be made by the gro er, and when any plant loc' woahy ar unhealthyv-it should -difSiSf53teed-pIeca'an4 all; ai retrvsrved rom th rinid nt nn beiiiet , tbte J troublfei spreads t feats! Jplahts k j j ; - Tnese weak and diseased plai. are not good producers and tfcr: removal makes no material redu tion- in yield and 'does -prevc: spread of disease. This rogai: out of diseased plants should I carefully done, and will mostli: ly result In clean, hlgh yieMI seed. - :.' ": Mark t Vigorous Hills. Wt : going through the fields oft outstanding vigorous plants el be seen large growers, that t : healthy and not next to any k eased .plants. Such healthy plar should be marked with a El; " for separate digging. If thess, e : good producers, they shojild I saved, for next year's seed x let. X. Barvesi-ajui Store Caref u'.' Hill Select--if . iol hil! . -been marked durfng, the growi. season it is a good, plan to gel: a few 76 or more hills that z pear j vigorous, healthy, , and r large producers, five pounds f more to the hill, and save th for seed-plot planting thek-c: year. Take no .hills from next 1 a diseased plant Of a place, f: which a. diseased plant has . t removed.- 1.., , ' . Hill selection, helps to Pick r the cream of.iljo. seed, for .us; ' the seed plot the ,next jesr, '. " first, year's . selections U5.ua: make the most pronounced r suits.-;;:;-:' ;.-. ? .--; - . - .. Pig all potatoes to avoid -cv ting or. injuring the tubers. T: is -best done after fall rains wL the land Is cool and soft ai t: potatoes, are in better conditi: for storage. v r ,1 r '. Sort out all damaged, ml shaped and small potatoes a: keep only the sound, symmetric tubers for seed. s ; - The seed stock should be ec and dry .when put Into -store and should be , kept!.' that wa Adequate protection' against clii: ing-jorcAeetlng is yital, but -mor 4ed?.stock In Oregon is injure byttiein&xtored in! moist, poor! ventilated' bins or pits than 1 ChlllblgulJ'.V'' :i -fiM ii (Sound, smooth, dry, sizable r . tatoes 1a-storage are of except': al quality when from selects clipped, -treated, ' plastered see cut right, and grown in rich, ri: ease-free fields carefully rogue ' Such seed will' bring good prlc and Is capable of producing goc yields, f. Such 'seed will, in mo: cases bfing the owner the dis tinction of certified quality. Reconsideration Is 1 Accorded Two Bill: House bills 330, providing tor an increase in the salary of the Deschutes county treasurer,, and 174, relating to the embalmer's bond' of the state, which wef j indefinitely postponed by the sen ate yesterday, will be reconsider, ed. bv vote of the senatn todar. iThey were rereCerred to commit It AAA " jtees. Heme All cizzs Salem Brick ci Tilo Go. Salem, Orrjjon. rhono 017