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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (April 24, 1919)
f"",r'" ,zy?t vv : ' The Statesman receives the leased wire report ot the As sociated Press, the greatest and most reliable press 'as sociation in the world. SIXTY-NINTH YAli SALEM. OREGON THl'RSIAV MORXLXG. APRIL ill, 1910 PRICE FIVE CENTS , ................ 3 ITALIAN DELEGATION WILL LEAVE COUNCIL SIDER ACTION German Delegates Wm I A flM PAIMr Submit Plan for LeagueL)Mi uUlllU I LONDON. April 23. A dispatch to the Exchange Telegraph from Am sterdam asserts that the German peace delegates have been instructed to propose at Versailles a plan for a league of nations to replace the plan adopted j by the peace conferees in Paris. The dispatch "adds that the German plan was drafted mainly by Count von Bernstorff, former ambas- rT'i 9 c 1 Tir i n i ' r wi i saaor to me unuea states; -Mainias . VYlUOnS OpeeCh KOUSeS Wrath Kegarding riame - Lloyd Erzberger. president of the German i j r nt - - a n i " . armistice commission; Professor ueorge and rremier Llemenceau Agree With American waither m. a. schucking. and Kari r ir i . . .-..... t, i r.auisK7, one oi me socialist ieaa Viewpoint Treaty of London Held Back Earlier preiiion of Opinion from French and British Statesmen- President Issued Statement on Sole Responsibility. ers. Missing Man Located Far horn Former Home MARSH FIELD, Or.. April 23. . PARIS, April 23;-(By the Associated PreSS)-Premier Orlando of Italy this evening addressed an official communication to Premier! trip and under circumstances which Clemencean, president of the peace conference, saying that as a re- caused an investigation to be insti ult of the declaration by President Wilson the Italian delegation tuted on ihe theory that he might had decided to leave Paris at 2 o'clock tomorrow afternoon. v!.b"w."rt?Kha!!IJ. . The Italian" Vice Admiral Thaon di Revel, former chief of staff, I advices received by the painters un- ion omciais nere loaay. v,oay ien has left Pans for Rome. General Armando Diaz, commander in chief of the Italian armies, it js announced, will leave tonight. a family here. BUSINESS MAN PASSES AWAY TREATY IS SPECIFIC. LONDON, April 23. (By the Associated Press) With reference to the Italian claims the Associated Press learns that under the treaty of London, Italy was entitled: to Triest; Pola and part of Dalmatia, but Fiume was to go to Croatia; ;' 4 fjrpflt Rritsin haa aAvafrA 1tav in h'ov nwn intflrpcto rs f nrocm cnmo of her claims, but if the Italians insist on . their rights under th Mauritz Klinger, Owner 01 XTZZL lTJS' I TO Much Salem Properly, vuivo, iu imiv-u mot, as j;yiu nil vuv lu -itai, r iuiuc xiiusb gu lu Croatia. , ; .. . t . . ' . ' ' ' '' - :. " M, ,'.- ' It is understood that President Wilson issued his statement on his sole responsibility and that Premier Lloyd George and Premier Clemenceau' are still actively seeking to bring about an- agreement. Called by Death i PARIS, April 23 (By The Asso- dated Press) It is said hat Premier Lloyd George of Great Britain ap proved of President Wilson's state ment without reserve and that Pre mier Clemencean . has described it as "admirable" and has said that he "woald not change a word." It Is explained that the reason Mr. Lloyd George and M. Clemencean did not Join the statement was the fact that they were parties to the treaty of London. It was also made known that Pre mier Orlando had prepared, a state , rant for the Italian, parliament which went forward -last night. It has not been-made public here and Its contents are as yet unkaowni Maaritz Klicger. one or the ag greasive men in the business life of Salem during the last 40 years and who was one of the moving spirits that brought Salem from the Til lage class to that of a city, died at a local hospital at 5 ocloclc-p. nr. yesterday after an illness extending over a neriod of several months. He would hare been 77 years old at his next birthday.- The body Is at the Rlgdon undertaking establishment A iA fnnsnl will ha iol1 f-vtm tho Rancher Kllll Wife and SteO I Catholic church Friday-morning at 1.. a A. A. 11 m - ti ' . o if iiu ociock. wun iniermem in me ooninen onoois a en; TWO MURDERED. WHILE IN BED RAPIDLY IN ENTIRE U.S. Quarter of Billion Dollars Subscribed Figures Prob ably Cover Only First Two Days of Drive. Japan Expected to Join World League of Nations TOKIO. April 23. (Hy The Asso ciated Press) The impression, ex ists In well informed quarters here that Japan will join the league of nations even if the racial clause of the league covenant is finally reject ed by the peace conference. This vraa brought out in answer to spe cial news dispatches from Paris al iening that Japan had Informed the ether delegates to the c onference that Japan would dec'ine to ent?r the league if the rac.'al clause was not adopted. ONLY TEN OUT OF 12 DISTRICTS REPORTED Victory Ship Scheduled to Reach San Diego at Noon Today Building Boom Strikes Chicago, Says Official CHICAGO. April 23. A healthy building boom, steadily Increase;;, was reported today by Iuilding Com missioner Bostrom, who anooujcxl that thus far in April, permits for expenditure of $6,000.100 in new buildings ic Chicago have been iuu ea. Tne total figure ror ia--fc. was 1 i.0C'.0o. The commissioner sai l lutldicg. materials could t bought at less than tha quoted ?ri;. 4 - Italy has the verdict of the United States government as regards ; her claims in the Adriatic. She may not have her aspirations for Fiume grat ified,- for that would block in from the. sea behind the coast of Dalmatia the new small. independent nations which are to become members of the . league of nations.. x - President Wilson, In a long state ment dealing , with the r controversy over Flume, has clearly defined to Italy the stand of the United States in the premises and thus has brought to a climax the crisis that has existed for many, days.. ; ' With regard to the islands in the eastern Adriatic and that portion of the Dalmatian coast which lies most open to the sea which Italy also is aemanding, President W ilson broad ly states that these are not now nec essary to Italy to make her safe against .naval agression bv Austria Hungary, ; because' Austria-Hungary no longer exists, and the fortifica tlons all along the coast are to he permanently destroyed. . Also the president Cays, the new states are to accept limitation of ar mament which will further put ag gression out of the question and that equal and equitable treatment of all racial or national minorities through out this region are to be guaranteed under internal sanction. President Wilson contends that if the principles under which the in- iative for peace was taken-are to be "adhered to, Fiume must serve as an outlet for the commerce not only of Italy but of the land to the north and nunneeasi oi inai pori, Hungary, tsu-i 9 I A hernia, Rumania "and the states of MaSSClCTeS mlArmema Quarrel Over Boy 3 MADRAS, Or., Aprl 23.-p-Charles Sar, 43, his wife Susie. 41, and her son, by a former marnage, i David Hardwick, 16, were found dead .late today In their home on a ranch near here , All bore bullet wounds which apparently , had caused their, death. Mrs. Sar aid the boy were in bed In their night clothes. Sar's body, fully clothed, was on the bed beside that of his wife. A rifle lay between his feet ( . . i - . - The coroner, after an investiga tion, said it was apparent, that Sar had slain his wife and her son and then killed himself.- According to witnesses , who ( testified, the couple had often quarreled over Sar's . al leged mistreatment of the boy.. There were no witnesses to the tragedy, which : apparently . had occurred last night some time.,;, The family had all been in town here yesterday and had left for homje together late in the day. Catholic cemetery. Mr. Kllager was born, in Alsace Lorraine, in the town of Houssen. He came to Oregon about 1878. com ing directly to Salem. After his ar rival here he engaged in the brewing business which he followed for many years. Mr. Klinger owned a large amount of property. Including his honle at Church and Chemeketa streets and several bustaess houses In the city. With S. Beck, wtio was at one time his partner, he erected the build ing now occupied by the main plant of The Phex company. This build ing was disposed of by him .'some yean' ago. He owned the Klinger block on State street, the building now occupied by the Velie gar see on Commercial street and other business buildings on that street. a'.id was joint owner with Eugene Eckerlen of the building occupied by the Sa lem Woolen Mills store. Mr. Klinger leaves his wife, a son Ernest Klinger, and a daughter. Bertha Klinger, all of Salem. Mr. Klinger wai a member of Sa lem lodge No. 336., B. P. O. Elks. Alleged Ringleaders of Alcohol Gang Arrested ! PENDLETON, Or.. April 23. As a result of the efforts to break up an alleged ring, believed to have worked up a business of considerable magnitude in providing Indians of the Umatilla reservation with patent medicines containing a high percen tage of alcohol as a substitute for whiskey. B. L. Crowder, Walter Ogil bv and Harold Cominger placed un der arrest here today by government officers. It is said they have been getting as high as $3.50 a oottie for bitters which tney uougui i $1.50. , TeTronsm Stiff Reigns in Big Cities of Germany the new Jugo-Slav group." . Premier Orlando of Italy called the Italian peace delegates for a con ference after the president's note was issued to prepare a statement to be addressed to the Italian people; Later Vice Admiral Thaon di Rev el, former chief of the Italian naval staff, departed from Paris to Rome, and it was asserted that General Diaz, Italian military commander-ln chief, would leave for Italy. What action on the part of Italy this por tends is problematical. A state of seize has been Laid to Men Arrested rrtXSTANTINOPLT. April 23. f French Wireless Service) Several persons charged with having I been implicated in the massacre or aepar tation of Armenians have been ar rested during the past few days. Among those taken Into custody are Abbas Haling Pasha, rormer minister of public works, whose brother. Said Halin. already in jail ana isnnuu Kptti&I Bev. governor of the Sivas. pro-1 The prisoners will be tried by courts BERLIN, via Copenhagen, April 23. Terrorism still reigns in Man ich and the Bavarian capital is on the verge of bankruptcy, the Lokal An zeiger says. There is wholesale mis ery in Munich and almost all the workers are idle. What food is ar riving is taken by the communists. Some of the food is given to women and children, but the public -kitchens and hospitals are robbed of their al lowances. The government of Premier Hoff man, the paper adds, intends to transfer from Bamberg to Nuremberg because it is rumored that Nurem berg communists are planning a sur prise attack on the government in company with -Munich communists. I Dr. Levien, one of the communist leaders in Munich. i quoted as say ing to his confidants that the com munist troops are not equal, to an out and out fight with the govern ment forces. Levien and other lead- WASHINGTON, April 23. A quarter of a billion dollars has been subscribed to the victory liberty loan and officially reported through banks and federal reserve district headquarters to the treasury. This covers probably only the first two days of the subscription period and does not Include the millions of pledges on which subscribers have not paid initial installments. Nei ther does it Include officially record ed subscriptions which have net been tabulated by banks or which are in the process of being reported to dis trict headquarters. Only ten of the 12 districts were reported in figures given out tonight by the treasury, the Kansas City and Atlanta headquarters not having sub mitted official reports. , ' For these reasons officials are In clined to believe that the actual sub scriptions already gathered by the millions of volunteer workers amount to at least half a billion dol lars. The first complaints that the treas ury's official .reports do not fairly In dicate the records of various com munlties reached here today. They were met with the explanation that the figures given out by the treasury at night In most cases were trans mitted by district managers about noon of that day. The district man agers also may report the standing of some city as of the night before and this is. reflected In the national headquarters . review a day later as a . consequence. Totals Are Tabulated The exact total tabulated tonight was $249,649,000. distributed as fol lows: Boston. $45,448,400; New $88,000,000; Philadelphia. $19,258.- 150; Cleveland. $18,193,930; Rich mond. $13.3S3.600; Chicago. xs.- 579.350; St. Louis. $29,877,800: Minneapolis. $6,616,700; Dallas. $1. 241.300; S.in Francisco.- $2,050,550 The navy's actual subscription thus far in the victory liberty loan cam paign has been almost $2,000,000. or enoughto move the victory ship, the U. S. S. Marblehead approximately two miles on its voyage from San Francisco to New York. The navy's flying squadron of battleships and destroyers, which are cruising along the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf coasts to help the victory liberty loan, are receiving enthusias tic welcomes. The victory ship is scheduled CITIZENSHIP IS P WENT DECLARES IE WILL NOT YIELD ON ADRIATIC POINTS Profound Sensation Created at Peace Conference When Wilson Delivers Opinion Gauntlet Thrown Down to Sup porters of Secret Treaties Kiau-Chau Controversy Also Target of Attack Italian Situation Overshadows All Other Considerations at Yesterday's Peace Session. J PARIS. April 23. (By the Associated Press) President Wilson's emphatic declaration that lie will not yield on the Adriatic question, has created the most profound sensation in the peace conference, lie has thrown down the gauntlet to the supporters of seeret treaties in a manner which almost took away the breath of the delegates who have been urging compromises on points covered by - many secret documents and at variance with the president's "fourteen rAtiiTa HFMIFn VfiTFR President Wilson ' sweeping declaration, while aimed directly at UMjxjImjU I VlLdV the Adriatic problems, also reaches the Kiau-Chau eontrovernv in which Japan relys on secret agreements made with (Ireat Ilriiain. Application of William F.France ant Itab " 1917 to support her claim to the concessions W-ll n 11 -J xi L by Germany in Shantung. o - - r'v va a vas a ninu ment as a challenge which once for all will dispose of the question whether secret documents, of which many nations participating in the war were ignorant, are to figure in the peace following an armistice in -which all the allies pledged gave no regard to secret treaties. All Questions Overshadowed. The Italian situation overshadowed all other questions throughout the day in Paris and was the sole subject of conversation in official and unofficial circles. When it became known this morning that the Italian premier. Father Held Office Although he had voted a number of times and his father has been city recorder of Jefferson. William Frances Wall was yesterday denied citizenship in the United States on the ground that he had aot exercised the rights of a citizen for five years previous to 1914. the date of his dec laration. The case was heard in tvat nral!z.Tt !rn rnnrt. 11t mut now begin all over and it will be two I Vittorio II. Orlando, was again absent from the session of the council years before be can be given another or four, various rumors Wame current. Proposals and counter proposals were made by members of the Brit- Wall was born In Canada and hU father did not secure his naturaliza tion papers until after the son was 21. years old. thus making It neces sary for the younger Wall to apply for citizenship, lie had thought him self a citizen and in good faith had voted and used the other preroga tives of a duly qualified American. This Is his second attempt to become naturalized In the fnlted States. . Those admitted to citizenship were John AM on Nyman. a native oi Swe den, and llelnrich Jaetlor. Frederick John Keller. Carl Christopf Dahl- hnrg. and Bcrtel Grieeenauer. all of whom were born In Germany. COUNCIL AGREES ON POLICE RULE :" . i - Resolution Introduced by Mayor Baker Barring Unions Adopted PORTLAND. Or.. April 2. By a vote of four to one the city council RrJ.L.4L; TT.'If a loaay adopted a resolution Intro- Bolshevikx Willing to daced bt Maror Gttorrm , n. . Fight Their Own Forces bidding 'any member of the police bureau to Join a union. Commission L. Barbur cast the negative nna:;r. Apii 21. (Frjrr'i wir. less Service i A large prt qT the B'lheviM firrt army vttish vi ren dered several ays ago to the '' alnians has effered vo.?ntiiI- In fight the I ;is;itvlki aud alr.vlr hi ten In action with the 'Vrains asainrt I'shevlst at 'iml. In the Priest r-;;i.n. Thl3 announce ment is made In a Ukrainian '-rf i-al sfaterpe.it nenved from Rovnn ! the Ukrainian pre bnreai. tb reach San Diego at noon tomorrow. (Continued on page 2) A lxudon dispatch S:idv .iM that messages l ad been rec-ivd ther that e Bolshevik! il.vr arm had snrrendertd to the VI a!nlan troois of Genoifc Petlura la t'if rg lon of llomel. northwest of Kiev. Twenty tl nrnd rifles. 2"$ $!ins and Ivcn hundred rr.nchlne g'.M. were said to have reen hani-I ?ir f the Ukrainiaas. WORTH OF VICTORY LOAN NOTE TOLD BY EXECUTIVE MANAGER A victory loan note at par is worth more to investors than the bonds of preceding lilrty loan issues net. The net income from a victory loan note costing $100 is prater than that derived by an investor who buys the bonds of the preceding issue at a discount. This fact is shown by the following statement whi-h has just been er A. vote. Otto R. Hartwig, secretary of the Oregon Federation of Labor, made a rpeerh opposing the resolution prior to Us adoption, and afterward served notice that the order would be contested In the courts. Applica tion for a charter for a police offi cer's union has already been applied for, the council was informed. As adopted the resolution says: "Be it resolved by the council of the city of Portland in regular meeting assembled that no police officer of the city of Portland shall be a mem ber of any police organization which Is affiliated with any organization which advocates strikes, or lockouts for the enforcement ot Its demands and the joining of such organization of any- police officer while a mem ber ot such police bureau shall be taken and deemed against the good of the service and shall be Just cause for dismissal from the service of the city.- 'j ', Portland Firm Given Two Wooden Steamers Constantinople riaimoi In th iraDorUnt oerman 1 martial. u.m),n onf ita suburbs. I A dispatch from '""""" .. I . .. . 1 j ir 1 n crnvornnr wnere mere bm u Vvmio,.- ---- . x.aa i ho fighting and a number of persons of maroesr, di have been killed or wounded. PU- public square or 1. .r0i,. tn theltti oiiarters of . Constantinople haVbr Sorter? Bremen isalsodisr one of those responsible for Armen turbed while terrorism still prevails lan oep"" In Uontrh A dispatch from Tokio says ; . ,f 4Jm:i. Urn De mai l 75(1 UC l luii iuu PORTLAND. Or.. April 23. Two wooden steamers, the Klamath and Itirchleaf. have been assigned by the shipping board to Columbia-Pacific SimmihlH frr rm n v for minilrrihlB issued by Robert E. Smith, executive manager of the Oregon victory mnd operation, and both will load loan committee: I ties for the Atlantic seaboard. Tha That riMnrv loml will remain at or above tnr in tlve unrn nirchleaf. Pallin Ballln .composite .n;i h cleariy. demonstrated by figure, compiled by government -L wHlSJa'd Ithrn ti". Budapest by airplane with cash taken bond experts. These figures show that a $100 victory bond for $100 half-month on the; i Columbia from the Munich banks. ; a better investment than a $100 bond of the fourth libertr loan -1,-. Argentina Instructed tO "The' prevailing rate of interest on the stock exchange U 4.7ft per hnn wooden emergency ! war fleet rnm.0i;er German Snips eent That is to say. the aterage annual mterest on $100 i. - , For this reason a 4' 4 per cent liberty bond of $100 denomination Tne Kiainath will load on Grays har- BUEXOS AIRES. April 23. Ger- which yields in interest only Sf.:o pr year is aold at sufficient dis- bor. She was built by HcEachern many has Instructed the Argentine I count on the stock exchange to' 3 ield the purchaser $4.70 per vearlShlp company at Astoria. ; onlnion in Japan seems to Janan will aerent the league of na ' 'tlons even If the racial clause to the league covenant i rejected by the other allied and associated owers, WMOl-S PA1XTER DIKS "NEVVTOM. Mass.. April 23. v&- accordingly. The transfer Is expect ed within a few days government to deliver internea oer- on thp purchase price. The sum of $03 at 4.70 per cent interest will nT Xi n ;bas ; haV an: Jield $4.25 per Vr. Therefore a $100 bond .vhose annual yield is nounced Its readiness to take over only $4.2 sells on the stoek exchange for $03. the vessels. I In the fifth or victory loan the government determined to offer The cabinet met this afternoon to - security which would surelv remain at rar in the onen market. Instruct the officals concerned to act It .i,.--- ti r.t f ih-. ..;; - a v im 1 i"iv - v a v lilt a .a, rii . ir. uvn nt. v 111 II It n fl (. Q higher rate than that which prevails on the stock exchange. Whereas the prevailing rate of interest is 4.70 per cent, the new londs (called victory nots) lcar 4.75 per cent interest. "Tfl evnresa this A'lf fprnll- iinnnu man Aam.l -r,, 4 PARIS. April 23. (By The As.o- T. T' l lirV u " i vl " Ye ' 1 V' i iwv i:v V. V i" elated Press) The German govern- v . 'A, ' w.""'" ""a 01 ia' mpnt has officialr advised the allied fourth issue which he would sell for $03. In his right hand he offered " - I . . . . A.t.vl 1 rU t 1 - t it f!ht rn. m- . . . todav to havine caused the Importa-lana associate! goemmenic mi iuc u a .71"" wim ni nit- imn or victory issue ior iw. 1 011 siioulu - . I n 1 1 tn.IU 1 mil J nn II 11 L . rS . one of these one bond will cam 4.75 i. : -1. . . . 1 . t 1 a ..AaiiAM vavjivi a a v ena var 1 - a. "v w v u v a 111 1 lit iiiiiri - in 1 tt iiiiiini m 1 iijbv - . a a . a a iw a tm a 1 rrt a 1 ta a vnn mm 1 twz i azja-r t ru aacwDLaaasai - ' - - - - v year. old. His most widely Known. . the DieniDoten-l for the libertr bond of the fourth issue will earn von onlv 4.70 1 .. . - . - .. kt iiienrrn aina awT0 wam waob " " & Territory Authorized to Engage in Business t Brought Whiskey Here Germans ivk dates PORTLAND, Or.. April 23. James Mcl, Wood, abstract man. pleaded guilty In the leaerai coun .,, mhb nainter of Bortraits and tion from San Francisco of four not- ueriuan, p,B.iuw.. nuy tne 9 victory Pon.l lor JfHHJ, lecanse each landscapes, died tonlghi at his home ties of whiskey by Mrs niancne flhund dollars which you invest in the victory I. Vk- faii Ha was 84 Brooks. He was fined $2d0. Mrs. they would reacn Versailles ai ay 1. t M t.:u M4.v nt .t, , aaa linn a.v U u a w a a. , - a painting Is "The Master" which re-j lar fine upon enterLng-a quired 34 years to complete. tiaries, the dispatch adds. cents per year, Jt'NEATJ. Alaska. April 22. Tty a vote of 12 to 3 the territorial house of representatives today Issued a bill authorizing: the territory of Alaska to entr the transportation business with chartered ships and approprUt lng therefore $300.00. . The bill makes the governor secretary-treas urer of the proposed Alaska shipping board and authorizes a carefut Inves tigation of shipping conditions and needs before the territory enters the business, which is left optional. Pas sage of the measure la the senate Is believed certain. Ish. Preach and Italian delegation and numerous stories cf comprom ises were circulated. There were suddenly discredited by the Issuance of President Wilson statement. showing that the president was xrct a party to the proposed concessions. which was chiefly baaed on the sop- position that Flume could be given to Italy. The Idea which had been preva lent In Paris that the Adriatic situ ation was a game of chess. In which the most skillful diplomats would win regardless of the armistice condi tions which suddenly banished by PreeJdent Wilson's action. Statement Ready Monday. Since Monday it had been general ly known, that he had prepared a statement which was presented en that day o the ejtire American del egation and that the delegation had approved 1L But there was no sus picion that his position was so unal terably against secret diplomacy. Declarations by the members of the American delegation that the president not yield In the matter of Plume were regarded by mrst Euro pean diplomats and especially by the Italians, as part or a political game, until today and evea now many old school diplomats still seem enable to comprehend what has happened. Deflaite l'ixl-rtAodlng. The text of the statement follows: "In view of the capital Importance of the questions affected and in or der to throw all possible light upon what la involved In their Bettlement. I hope that the follow! ag staU-ment will contribute to the final forma- , tion of opinion aad to a satisfactory solution. "When Italy entered the war she entered upon the basis of a definite private understanding with Great Britain and France, aow known as the pact of London. Since that time the whole face of circumstances has been altered. Many other powers, great and small, have entered the struggle, with no knowledge of that private understanding. The Anstro-Hungarlan empire, thea the. enemy of Europe and at whoae expense the pact of London was to be kept In the event of vic tory, has gone to pleecs and no long er exists. Not only that, but the several parts of that empire. It la agreed now by Italy and all her as sociates, are to be erected Into in dependent states and associated In a eague of nations, not with those who were recently our enemies, but with Italy herself and tha powers that stood with Italy In the great war for lberty. : , 1 a. All Liberty Concerned. , "We are to establish their libery as well as our own. They re to be among the stroller states who Interests are henceforth to be safe guarded as scrupulously as the inter ests of the most power! c! states. "The war was ended, moreover, by proposing to Germany an armistice and peace which should be founded ' on certain clearly defined priJcip'ei which set tap a new order of ritht and Justice. Upon . these prlnclplea the peace with Germany has been conceived, not only, but formulated, t'pon then principle, it will b ef fected. We can not ask the grtat body of xers to prp aji ef fect peare with Austria and' estab lish a new baIs of iadepfridenr and right In the states wKh orUinally constituted the AuMnHontarlan empire and In the state of th Bal kan group on principle of another (Continued on paga 2) 4