Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 31, 1922)
. tiid czzgc:; gu:;day j o un: al, ro r.TL a: ; d, Sunday ::cr:;u.j, Dzcz::;;zr. ci, 1022. c SITUATED in the crater I V' '- - . ' ' , . . , x , .. - r , , IS CHIEF SOURCE OF III Farmer Winning Recognition,' Cooperation Gets Results; Farm Land Gains Value. :' Oresron's chief waalth Ilea ta It acrrtcoltural . endeavor. The city nan heretofore has taken the farmer for granted. Asliffht change In thi atti tude is at the present time apoarent. 1 The farmer' is becoming : orsanlaed .' and la wlnnlnK" rcognltion. . . ; .. The city man la beslnninar to realise that Wa own prosperity depends upon the creation of primary wealth in the urroundtnar alatricta. -. The press Is now constantly calling i attention to the urgent need of better recognition of the farming Industry and the need of . better compensation for- the producer. "The phrase, "Farm and Town" has come Into quit general use. m recent months. The Oregon Journal's series of editorials, headed oy this .phrase, along with two previous faeries during, the past four years, are generally recognised as having been important factors In the" awakening of the business men to the urgent need of ' bringing about better relations between the producer and the men with whom he deals. M,st rms ustzb The 1920 census gives the total num ber of Oregon farms at 60.206, with a total acreage- of 11,542,31. of which lesa thaor 6,000,000 1 improved The total value of land and buildings la placed .at 6751SI4, an Increase in valuation over 10 years before of ' over - 2i4,fio,oofi.v., r .. v ri ' -. v It la Interesting to note that while 'aluaUon, both the total for the entire tat for farms and for acreage, have shown a steady . Increase, the sie of farmsbas stead Uy decreased. Farms of from 100 to 499 acres constituted 72. Y per cent of the number of farms in 1S80. A steady decrease In this else of farm has been apparent until at the present time only 9.9 per cent tf the -farms are of this acreage. Although a steady decrease has been shown in the percentage of farms of 100 to 499 acres, yet' this size of farm la still more nu merous than any other size. Although all farms of 100 to 999 acres have shown a decrease in number during the past 40 years, those of more than 1000 acres have shown, a slight increase, as have all farms of leas Uan 100 acres. VALUES I2TC&EASE . The average value of farm land ia given as 949.86 per acre for 1920, or an Increase of almost $11 per acre for the entire state over 1910. The 'average value for farms is given at 13.449 in the last census, an increase of $3437 over 1910, and this In spite of the fact -that. the total number of farms has in creased from 45,503 to 60,20 without very much additional acreage in farms. The development of better means of communication has meant I much for the farmer. First the telephone and the rural free delivery and later the automobile with improved roads has made it possible. for those many miles from the city to still enjoy many of ' the city conveniences. - Each year sees mow improved machinery in use on the, farm and more labor saving de vices in the households. '. ' -Many farms now have all the con veniences that the city can; supply. This is not true, however, as air aver age. A large share of the peopls- on the soil are still : making shift - with atbout the same type of household and Xarm equipment that their fathers used with the -possible exception of motive power taking the place of some of the horses. The entire fault does not lie in the indifference of the farmer but to a large extent to lack ot profits in farming operations. - Conveniences - are still considered as luxurious rather than necessities, and only the latter ia pur chased when the profits are low, IAEMEB HABD HIT Lew profits are pot necessarily the result of poor management or poor farming; , A . combination of, cireum tanoes has made profitable production difficult since the . World .war. Those things which the farmer bad to pur chase, including foods, equipment, la bor, clothing and taxes, remained high after the war- as over.but with few xcepttons those things which-he had to sell were near or at the pre-war low level, , Even at that, Oregon farmers have not been as hard hit as those of many other- states. - The diversified farmers of Western Oregon have found It possible to raaXe a little profit on some of their products even when the prices on others were entirely too low. Those specializing : in one crop have as a rule been the hardest hit. for with additional , money aunost out of the question, one lean year was enough to put the operator out of business, when his banker was unable to help him be cause of short time paper specifica AGRICULTURE OREGON WEALTH CRATER LAKE IN SOUTHERN OREGON, ONE OF THE NATURAL WONDERS OF THE of an extinct volcano at an elevation of 6177 feet. Crater lake owes its marvelous deep blue color to its depth of 2000 feet - It is accessible in the summer season tions from the federal reserve board when the farmer needed the money for at least a year. . . WHEAT ET LEAD Of all crops, cereals make up by far the largest acreage with wheat the outstanding type of cereal raised, with oats running in second place. Cereal production increased. 17 J Tier Miit tween 1909 and 1919. During the same penoa oats, barley and rye show a de crease in production, while all other grains ' show Increases. - The highest percentage of increase is shown for kafir and mik, which have been de veloped for feeding livestock and poul try. , While corn cut for grain shows an increase of 87.4 per cent this cannot compare with; the increase In tho use of this crop cut for silage andforage purposes. Corn . used in its various ways has taken its place as one of the Important crops of the state, during the past few years. At one time it was thought that field corn could not be produced at all. but -. at nrnt with- acclimated seed used and im proved methods of culture It la raised in aimost au parts of the state. ; 'X- POTATO CBOP-BIO i l" Oregon's potato crop for this year was estimated at 12.000.000 buahela a marked increase 'of 4.000,000 bushels over tnai or last year and an Increase of 0,000,000 over the potato crop of two years ago. According to the United States department of agriculture the potato crop production for the entire United States this year - is 433,015,000 bushels, which is an increase of 8.819, 000 bushels over that produced a year ago. - ... . Vegetables of manv varieties are produced in large quantities both for commercial and home dm. PodU tn the- oiUes produce large- amounts of tne easier to raise varieties for their own ( use and most farmers have all they can use with some to sell. Many are specializing in small vegetables but' a large per cent of the total crop Is still grown by farmers as a side line. With the coming of good roads and the automobile sirhtseetaa- end tourist travel, the road side j market is rurnishlng an excellent market for much of the ' surplus farm produced vegetables and fruits.' Canneries are preserving- all kinds of vegetables and evaporating' plants are drying, several junos. zor smpment to distant markets. As long as new markets can be found this Industry . should continue to grow. -for the soil ' and climato are both particularly adapted ' to this type of farming. j- -J, 'ir i-s ' FB17IT BIO FACTOsU :'-V - Orchard fruits are produced by bet ter than - 80 per cent of all farms in Oregon. " The total value the ' fruit crops produced for market runs above the 820.000,000 mark' as shown by the 1?Z0 census. ' Leading the list in both quantity produced and valuation are apples, which have shown a large in crease In production during the. past aecaae. Plums and prunes also show a large increased production and are fsecond in importance to apples. Pears, peaches and cherries are the three next important orchard fruits . with relative importance in the order named. Walnuts make up a large percentage of the nut crops ..produced, with al monds holding second place. Both of tnese crops are on tne increase, while pecans show a decrease., Filberts are also becoming an important commer cial crop, but a large per cent of these orchards are .not yet in full bearing. muui ine weu ormmea mu una os estern uregon is aamiraDiy suitea to nut culture and this promises to be a bis; industry of the future. LOGASBEBKIES - -. Since their introduction a few years ago. loganberries have steadily climbed in Importance until they now outrank all other small fruits, both in quan tity produced and In valuation of the crop. More than 47,1)00,000 'pounds of this delicious fruit is produced in this state each year. Large quantities are turned into fruit drinks and flavors, many of them preserved for -use In ielllea, jams and many other ways. Introduction or new methods of evapo rating have made it possible to put this fruit, which is grown almost ex clusively in the Northwest, into many distant markets where the canned goods cannot be profitably sent be cause of high transportation rates.': As much as 3500 has been cleared per acre by growers of this fruit, although in average wui not run that high. - Strawberries brought to Oregon pro ducers $350,000 this year. Some parts of Southern Oregon. Hood River valley and the river -bottom lands of the Wil lamette valley are the moat favorable spots , for this spring favorite, v Black berries In several varieties, dewberries, gooseberries, currants and many oth ers in the domesticated classes, with wild berries.; bring thousands of dol lars to gatherers each year. A crop that has established a place in the farming Industry is mine Fer tile river bottom land has proved the best adapted for this crop. - which la now grown in considerable quantity, the oil extracted finding . ready- mar ket from gum. candy and medicine manufacturers. ; ? The - mint J growers have a collective selling system which has proved helpful in finding markets and securing the best prices. v- Teasels used in putting the nan. on woolen goods are being grown by a few farmers. At least one man In Clacka mas i county- is specialising in -s this product."; and. : knowing both the mar keting end and: the production end of the game, is making a success of the venture. JEroductioa of broom corn. OREGON'S DAIRY CATTLE WINNING NOTABLE RECORD - - II Jerseys Lead in Output of Prod ucts; Sheep, Mohair and Hay Industries Are Factor. Dairy cattle are by far the produc ers of the most wealth each year as compared with any other domesticated animal. The natural advantages ' of mild climate with resultant long grass seasons, the constant markets and the quality of the- stock, : which has been and still is improving rapidly, is mak ing' th Northwest and .particularly Oregon one of the most famous dairy regions, of the world. Jerseys and ani mals with Jersey blood dominant In their veins are by far the most numer ous and popular. Holsteins rank sec end in numbers, Guernseys third. Ayr shires fourth and Brown Swiss, Red Foiled and Milkim Shorthorns trying for fifth place. . Butter, cheese and - condensed milk factories take care of a large part of tne dairy products produced : in the coast district and In Eastern and Cen tral Oregon : while . near Portland - a ready market Is found for both , the Fresh milk and other dairy products. COWiTESTUTO WORKS A big factor in the improvement of the dairy stock Kas been the introduc tion of cow testing- work both in as sodations and as carried on by indi viduals under the supervision of the department of agriculture through the Agricultural college. "Boarder" cows have been gradually , weeded out and sent to the block, where they will pro duce no more cull -dairy, calves. .The effect of the educational value of this work is ; apparent in the placing of purebred sires of proven merit at the head of many of the herda Purebred sire dubs, where several dairymen with a few cows each, band together to collectively use aires of known value are becoming more popular eacA year. Records In milk and butterfat pro duction by Oregon cows are outstand ing in their .excellency. The highest producing Jersey and seven of the eight class leaders of this breed axe Oregon cowa. From late reports it seems that even the eighth place will be won the coming year by an Oregon bred end owned cow. . - - v I CATTLE RAXGE HILLS ! ? ; . Beef cattle still range the hills and open districts of the state in large num bers. Of recent years more attention has been riven to the finishing of the range stock and the introduction of improved quality through purebred steers. Purebred Shorthorns, Here ford and 'Aberdeen Angus farms have been established where better stock is bred and sires produced to supply the growing demand. ' , r-- v ' ';" I " n i - Going hand in hand with livestock development is the culture of alfalfa, clovers, vetches and other leguminous crops for winter hay. Although much wild hay is still used, most of the dairy stock is fed on alfalfa, clover or vetch. The hays of the legume type leave both humus and nitrogen In the soil, both, of which are very beneficial to following crops. This factorT" along with the fact that by keeping livestock a large: amount of fertilizer Is "avail able for the soil each year is doing much to keep up the fertility of Ore gon soils. Something- la being : put back : Instead of It all being taken away. . :;; j ; ; ,t ; . SHEEP DTDUSTBT I ; .! : BKi Sheep are raised both for- wool sud mutton purposes, ; the coarse t and medium wool sheep being in the ma jority. It has long been thought that the line wool breeds . would not ; do well in most parts of the state because of the long moist periods which cause tne nne-woois to become interior be fore sheared. Several breeders - have found It feasible to provide some sort of shelter for the sheep and are very successful in raising4 the fine ' wool breeds. There seems to be a general tendency ' to improve the fleeces through breeding ; up operations. . ; J A very successful marketing organ isation has been built up by some 2200 sheep and mohair breeders of the State. Rather than let the fleeces go on the: market, in mixed grades, the association separates the clips Into the various grades, according to the best standards and sells large quantities of graded "wools. Better prices are : se cured, for the : graded lots for the buyer is anxious to purchase certain grades without having to bother with all of the other sTadest i ; : In addition to the greater average price it is a more equitable, system. for . the grower of the better quality wools receives a higher price, -while the low , grade wool grower receives only what his clip should bring. Under ; the old "tem of selling to the country ! buyer v ..ere grades were disregarded there was no incentive to produce high quality wooL Logged off and brush land Is plenti ful in many parts of the Northwest and goats are in great demand to kill off . the brush. Besides serving man kind hi clearing land the goats pro duced In 1920 more than 8200,000 worth of mohair. Pork production In the state does not nearly supply the home demand, pack ers finding U ' necessary to Import many animals from the midwest. The quality of swine kept on the farms has been Improved greatly through, the introduction of . purebred animals but competition from the corn r states is keen - enough, to , prevent excessive profits being made on Western pork. More " world record egg producers have been developed in Oregon than in perhaps any other state.. Poultry production has - made a marked in crease during the last few years and is becoming a highly specialized and commercialized Industry, The stand ard strains of laying birds are gradu ally "being Improved and a new breed of heavy producers has been originated by the poultry department of the Agri cultural college. Many of the poultry tiien are organised into a collective marketing association and have cre ated a reputation and demand in East ern cities for their select eggs. COOPEBATIOir PATS The Oregon Growers Cooperative as sociation is securing better prices for its members, who include fruit, nut and vegetable growers, than - those growers outside of the organization are generally able to get. Besides, they render -better service to their members and are - developing markets at dis tant points thst the Individual cannot reach.. - - ' -.' "ii-ii-- l:.' . --.""i? One of the latest collective selling organizations among farmers is the Hay Growers' organisation, which has been very successful though having to contend with falling price and high transportation costs, ..- f ..---r-vrr J The entire cooperative marketing movement has frown rspidly within the last few years and the success of organizations of this nature here has had an influence in the spread of this vast movement an over the country. - The county -agent system for improv ing agricultural '- conditions, started during the late war when more food production was a crying need, Is prov ing its worth in time of peace. Almost all of the counties have their agricul tural agent and some of them boys" and girls' club leaders besides, r EXTE3TSIO Bit OXK Linked up closely as It Is with the extension . department of the - agricul tural college, the county agent system is gradually having its effect in the improvement of farming methods. - Through the influence of the Grange, the Farmers' Union and, last, but not least, the farm bureau, agriculture is now recognised as an industry. - Its im portance, and . its relation to the wel fare of the city could not be Impressed upon the general public until the -organised farmer came into being. Through cooperative effort - many of the conditions have been bettered and the future looks bright, if the great body of producers continue to work together. Civic bodies are beginning to show .: : their appreciation - of the farmer and concede him the important position he should bold in the eco nomic system. As the farmer prospers, so shall the city, the state and the nation. -awrHwit m. tuna, rmiamtt FRED O. ama. SMretaiy.Ti UWWB Mm SIMS. IQng Bros. Boiler' Works - -'.:'.-':. hMSrsereteS Ster SO, 1 SIS - BOILERS 7 TANKS STACKS . PIPE REPAIR WORK EX.ECTBIC A.WD ACE TTXjB H B "WELDIJtO AITD CUTTI3TO TUBE CXEAJTIire A3TB WEUDI5Q s. ,; . pipe. Birnira . ; J -. East 18th and Lafayette Sta. 'V ' . i . PORTLAND, OREGON . aM!iii?niftiiuhiniiHHHiiHniiiiiiHinKiiininiiiiiHiHiiinHiiiiiHiiiiiHiii - . Columbia Papsr Box Co. Manufadaren of . rFoldiiigr Paper Boxes - arid Cartons v , ' . FOR EVERY PURPOSE - V OSce and . Factory . ) - : East 23th Street and Holladay Arenue ' PORTLAND OREGON BRASS WORKS - v !, - - S: '- We Are Equipped to Make Anything: in Bronze. Brass, Copper, and ' Aluminum Office: Second and Everett Sts. - - ' " v 2sj ; i " -, .Works: . Front and Everett Sis. J?OimlrVNIV i OREGON Phone. Mwt.5378 A 2373 Fkoae Broad wax 9 M0 HILTON-DANIEL CO. J REALTORS 17 Stark 8U Pertlasd,.Or. A Merry Christmas S ' ' and a' , ' ; -. Happy "New" Year ; - to all our friends and patrons . Williams Personal V Service . High Class. Office Employment Specialists i 503-4 Spalding Bld. . :- ! TIltPHONIl SCLLWOOO 022 ' ' If'. Mm. I il I M IF rvy ' 1 9tH to Vxw Srect toad i yott U1 mkiilkmctr's profits - man mars a real economy. , rbnryooIaayOMmooee' bat I ny yon an inenbator , ; tlUl T tbc ressdt of naorw than fifty years experieoo ia ttm pomttxy hwriorM, . , I SNOW fid iacabatorlu absolately right becanssi " . the are bsoidreds of them ' la as an over th North. - west kad- everywhere they are priced by their owucis - they wroe and tea The McCIsJaahan Incubator -does the work and does it ; well, -year after year 5 -1 Write tor my hit iMuiXaS CatAios TODAY. r , The Best in Oregon t. v and the Northwest ' s - pregbriState College of Chiropractic .. " ' r r . Sixth and Oak Streets ' ' ' Portland, Oregon h Stnbbs Buildinfi ; r ' r best cLnno. . r BEST INSTRUCTORS r BEST LOCATION , New:Term,Jaal A Stafe Recognized and Standard School . tZTTD TOU CATALOO - AH Syatems ef Aajastisa; Tasrht " ' air Cellere Girls XSajr Coarse . . .- v.ll sw & - a WHOLE WORLD bygood roads and on its very run 'Umted Mmiitf TWENTY-FIFTH AND filV put i'W w r" v h irn ii'vt w.fvtf irn fimi ti T CHEESE We import, manufacture arid distribute. , We Reporpmend C ' " . , "BADGER STATE" Brand ' . . "BEAVER ; . - - BLUrJILl,t PhnentoChile and Cream r-y-i "SWISS KNIGHTMmported portion Swiss v . -PHOENIX. CLUB-. SwUs, American Pimento " V - - To b had' at your Grocery , . v'. The Portland Cheese Co. , PORTLAND, OREGON " V ; Rogue River Canned Salmon J "Crown " Brand - - . ' Awarded Gold Medal at San Francisco Exposition ; For sale at Sealy-Dresser Co Portland ' orWriie Us. . CAWED BT The Madeay. -Estate Company ' POKTLAHD, OaEGOJrWESSEaBTBjr, OBEOOV National Hospital Association For Sick and Injured Employes of the '-. Hazardous Industries Relieves the employer of the responsibility in caring for sickness and injury among his em ployes, whether ocxtirring during, or ''out of working hours. 1 ; " J v vv Provides the employer with a high standard . v-of Medical, Surgical and Hospital tare. " . v Furnishes; sanitary v inspectfonj of camps, ; analysis of drinking water, first aid camp sup plies, etc y - ; . ' : " : Supplements Workmen's Compensation Established in 1906 : , . ; ' National Hospital Accociatibn 400 Llohawk Building, Portland, Oregon ;! is a tourist hotel, shrown at left. 1 Inc. HOLLAb AY AVENUE - Largest and Best Equipped - Mattress Plant on ; the Pacific Coast I sfaasfaetarara ef tse -Big Brand .' VAtTBESSES akd wove it TUBE 8PBJITGS Jobbers of Steel ess Iron ; Sprlssa ess HIffhOrsde Steel Enameled Beds. - i rrn rn vn n'H mi nn mt p-n wn lrn tmt tp-i. tt-t t t- . - 1 -' V r - Services v