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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (March 13, 1921)
THE f OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, , PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, MARCH ' 13, 1821. o GOOD SOIL NEEDS BACTERIA TO PUT Hi CRGPIfJ CONDITION Particular Form of Needed When Soil Cultivation Admits Fertilizer 1$ Sour; Oxygen. A fertile soil is fairly alive with bafcteria millions of little organ lams and unless those organisms are present the ' probabilities of a good crop of vegetables or a flower garden that will win attention to its beauty is practically nill. ' To supply the missing bacteria in a given soil, we fertilise with any of the many forms ,- available, ; and especially with that form that will supply the Dar- ticular quality missing. Bacteria do not thrive and grow fat in a sour soil. Ex perienced gardeners use lime to sweeten the soil. Oxygen is necessary to the wel fare of the bacteria. Therefore, cultiva tion is resorted to to admit a in r They are eager little bodies when they make aa assault on foods. .If there is nothing in the soil for them to vent their energies upon the soil cannot thrive and the bac , teria must die or seek better fields for their efforts. .. -. I , ' ,- FEUTILIZER SELECTION BIO JOB Such being the case we apply the ma terials that the bacteria can work on to release the plant food necessary for the successful raising of ! vegetables - and flowers. With sufficient care in cultiva tion and fertilising almost any soil can be made to raise either flowers or table delicacies In the Oregon climate. . A good definition of '"fertiliser" may be anything that when added to a soli induces, through.' ' the release of plant foods, a better and more healthful growth of plant life. - . Nitrogen promotes the growth of plant stalks and leaves, producing a quicker and greener growth. Poor growth of leaf and stalk indicates a , lack of nitrogen. Just: as a rank growth proves the pres ence of too much nitrogen. Phosphoric acid gives stamina to the growth of plant life, aids in the root growth and liberates other soli ingredi ents needed in the successful garden. For flowers, it has been noted, this acid has tens the maturity and increases the num ber of blossoms. Plants will die before they will mature in a f soil deficient in phosphoric acid. .1, ; i POTASH A5D IIME GOOD Potash Is another necessity,, though, of course, in any case the particular defici ency of any given soil must be deter mined, since none can lack all quality. Hardy, disease-resisting plants are more certain when the potash supply in the soli is right. Sugar and starch are plen tiful in fruits and vegetables grown In soil with a right supply of potash. Lime is not a direct fertilizer, but its use Improve soils of several kinds, es- I 11 tjtt . . V. rapid disintegration of the organic mat. ter in soggy soils. Stable manure is not a complete fertil iser, aa many farmers have long' be lieved. Such a statement would be true if the manure contains the several chief fertilising qualities above mentioned, but such manure is seldom, if ever, available. Decayed manure , is less valuable than fresh because much of its nitrogen, . a valuable content, escapes. Sulphur used in connection with other fertilisers has been known to increase the yield of garden plots and flower beds. POOS LACK MUST BE FOTJSD It must be borne in mind that an ex cess of any one element cannot make up for a deficiency of another. It Is not the most abundant element present that con trols the crop, but that one of which soils contain the least. If an acre of soil con tains only sufficient phosphorus acm to produce ten bushels of grain, it matters little how rich the soil may be in potash and nitrogen. Not more than ten bushels can be produced, until the deficiency of phosphoric acid is replaced. Some valuable hints' for the proper ap plication of fertiliser have been compiled by experts as follows Some of the most soluble nitrogenous fertilizers become available for plant food within a few days. In the form of nitrate of soda nitrogen is very soluble and readily leaches through the soil. It should be used in the spring, and is es pecially valuable for use as a top dress ing for crops which are in active growth. Fish "guano, dried blood, tankage and similar materials decay more slowly, and are better used before planting. Nitrate of 'soda can be safely applied in summer by mixing with five times Its bulk of soil and scattered around plants. , SEASOJT OF TEAS IMPORTANT. Phosphoric acid will not leach through a heavy soil, but some of it may wash Cv anlla therefore a snrinff application is recommended for sandy soil. The less soluble forms of phos phoric acid, such as ground bone, should be applied in the fall, while the more soluble form, super-phosphate, may be applied in the spring. ' It is often advisable to apply the mineral fertilizers, that is, the phos phoric acid and potash, several weeks or evea months, before they are needed by the crops which they are to benefit. Potash is not liable to leach through the soil, and it is often preferable to ap ply during the fall, but if this time be not practicable. It should be made early in the spring. Earlier application Is often more advantageous,; as potash will be held in the soil while the chlorine, which is Injurious to potatoes and a few other ITTLE RUBY SCHILLER, aged 5 years, poses in a bouquet of Portland roses with all I the grace of a motion picture queen. Portland, through civic and social organizations, is making: a special effort this year to bring about a greater ' cultivation of the blooms that give th city; its widely heralded sobriquet, The Rose City! , . ! HOT-BED rmsASH at Special Prices Plant, Vegetable and Fruit Box Shooks Doors,- Windows, Mould- insr and - Mill-work f H kinds. See our odd stoclci of sash and doors.. D.B.SculIyCo. 171 Front Street .Between Morrises and Tarn kill Phone Mala 421 ' !l II 3 1 1 -Yv '"": ' . i I r - - v. r; - . - l ' " i ' t : t t - ' - " Pv r r , , I i i . v , - - ' - f i 7 4 - J crops, will be washed away. Stable manure should be applied when ever ready to be hauled away from the buildings. Decay adds nothing to Its con stituents, and. if allowed to decay in the yard and . exposed .to the weather, much of its value is lost. When spread In the field, all that Is washed out of the ma nure by rains ts caught and retained by the soil. - i If plowed - under as soon as spread, the decay will be more rapid than when left on the surface. For cultivated crops,, it is best to plow under In the falL AM0U2CTS INDICATED . The top noil of an acre of tillable land to the depth of eight inches weighs 1000 tons. J -: The average application of commercial fertilizer is 1000 pounds per acre. , This where no other manure or cover crop is plowed in ; which gives but one pound of fertiliser to each ton of soil, or 1-2000 of a pound of fertilizer to each pound of soil, and yet the plant roots find it. -, One thousand pounds per acre means s bout six pound to the square rod or roughly estimating " two ounces to the square yard, i This quantity is safe for all general purposes, for the lawn, for ornameitals. for roses, for shrubbery. For rapid growing plants such as spinach, cabbage, squash, lettuce, etc, four ounces or a little more to the square yard may be- safely used. If then this 1-20 no pound of fertiliser is In a fine-dry condition, bo that it readily mixes with. its pound of soil, and its plant fooda are soluble and available, the growing crops readily find It and feed upon it, and as the growing season for some crops is limited to 6Q days, necessarily this plant food should be ready and awaiting it. In applying, scatter over an area under each shrub or tree equal to the spread 'of the foliage and rake or harrow in. There are no set rules or instructions which will govern all cases and condi tions. In general garden work, where the ground is not worked up until about seeding time; fertilisers may be applied broadcast, and harrowed or raked Into the surface as'the ground is pulverised and put in planting condition. Liberal applications during the season (when harrowing. and cultivating) are also of great value. . ' j . WOBK SEEP, FOB SOOTS,. When using fertilizer for root crops, such as potatoes,! it can-be. plowed under or worked deeper and should be applied as early as possible. Fertilisers rich is nitrogen (used mostly for top growths) can be profitably applied during the growing periods.) but bone meal, phos phoric acid, eta, should be applied in the fall, winter or very early spring to get the best results, as they are slow to take effect and produce results. Garden makers are often pussled as to the amount of fertiliser ' needed for their small plots, because the usual di rections give only amount per acre. The following ' table shows approxi mately the correct amounts to use: One hundred pounds per acre equals about 1 pound for plot; 10x43 feet. . Two hundred pounds per acre equals about 1 pound for plot 10x22 feet. Three hundred pounds per acre equals about 1 pound for plot 10x14 feet. Four hundred pounds per acre equals about 1 pound for plot- 10x11 feet. ' Five hundred pounds per acre equals about 1 pound for plot 10x9 feet. Tallest Dogs In World London, March 12. (L N. a) Said to be the tallest dogs in the world, Irish wolfhounds are coming into favor and are being exported for wolf hunting la Canada and for bear hunting in the southeast parts of the United States. Easpberry Canes Need Little Pntnmgj Any pruning the canes of red rasp berries may require should . W delayed until -the canes are about ready to leaf out ironly a few rows are. -grown. But It will be found that leafing is about to commence, if it has not already begun for this season. For home use it is pot absolutely essential that the canes be pruned at all. Such pruning as they are to receive consists of heading back the canes to the desired height and this will depend on the variety and vigor of the canes. ' Red raspberries require less pruning than almost any other of our cultivated fruits. Festival Calling for Roses Prune Quickly, Say Experts To Insure flowers for the 1921 Rose Festival, rose must be pruned now and. certain perennials planted not from the Seed but by transplant ing should be so treated. According to florists In Portland, there are no annuals that can be made to bloom early enough In June to provide the floral decorations for the "Parade of a Miliort Roses" unless it be sweet peas grown by intensive cultivation. Sweet peas should be planted now and planted in trenches that have an abund ance of - fertiliser, either natural or chemical,' in them. Many good kinds are on . sale. : . v: rSK CHEHICAI WITH CAKE The chemical fertiliser, ' according to Ralph Routledge, must be used with discretion, as it Is very rich in chemical foods needed by flowers, such as nitrates, phosphates and potashes. Directions for using it are on the box and they must, be adhered to to bring results. An example of the difference In the use of the two - fertilizers is on rose bushes. The chemical fertiliser is worked into the ground at the base of the bush, -one handful to the bush, while one quart of the natural fertilizer Is needed to bring the same result. ' ' " ' In trimming the rose bushes the re sults to be obtained must be considered. If exhibition roses are wanted, then the pruning must be severe ; but If quantity is desired, it must be light. Old stalk and branches should be cut, allowing the new to develop the flowers. RESIDES TS FOBGET BUTT The people of Portland fail to realise that the festival is an annual event, a prominent nurseryman said, and do not prepare for It In advance. The only way flowers can be raised successfully is to plant them a year ahead. This applies to perennials in particular. They may be planted in the fall and by spring will be In bloom. Furthermore, once planted they give no further trouble .until three or four years later. They may now be bought In sets and that is the only way the flowers may be raised in time for this year's show. If they are planted from the seed the year before, he said, they will bo less expensive and will be surer to be ready when wanted. Several varieties are sug gested. Among them are delphinium, coriopsis. peonies and lupines, These arc all used in basie floral decorations. CONTEST FOB PBltfES To facilitate the contest held for school children the small stores adjoin ing schools have been supplied. . with seeds to be sold at a nominal price. The award for - the best flower garden In bloom by festival time is made by the Portland Service league. Arrangements have also been made with the seed deal- Early Tomatoes of Home Gardens Add Variety to Tables Early tomatoes, the pride of the home gardener's efforts, are predicted, as are all other garden products, on good seeds. Start the seeds in a dox or noioea. Most experienced - gardeners prefer to plant In a box in February but at once will not be too late ana po up wnw showing three or four leaves and keep growfng well In pots, transplanting to larger pots wben roots snow uu-ougn uie holes in the bottom. They are to be set In the garden as soon as weather con ditions permit, providing tne pianut are hardy. . Stake and prune for best results. Leave two canes and keep all side branches cinched out when just start- Inc. Tie up to the stake, which should be strong and about three feet high. Give good soil, and a sandy soil makes for earliness. Some time can ne gainea and the fruit Improved by pinching out the tip also when three clusters have set. r Your Home Garden ' - . This year you're going, to make it the best yet. Here's a ' few handy helpers At Special "Prices Riveted 'Blade Garden Hoes. .. .,,. .38 Spading Forks, first quality. .$1.68 Spading Forks, second -quality. .$1.38 Solid Steel Socket Shovels. ... .... .$1.88 Guaranteed Socket Hoes . .... J ; $1.07 Five Prong Cultivator. ..m.,. .$1,18 Strap Shovels . . . ; . . .JUa...'!.. .$1.73 14-Tooth Steel Bow Rakes. .iMtMfee-.V.97 CH0WN HARDWARE CO. Headquarters for Sporting: Goods ' 223 Morrison, near First Reduce Your Living Cost! Put In a Vegetable Garden of Your Own It should be your aim to make this yeir's garden the best one you've ever had and you . : , can do this if you will study the books on the ' subject. We have a most complete list of them, including discussions of flower gardens, roses, shrubs, lawns, trees, berry bushes, " landscape gardening, etc, etc . The J. K. Gill Co. Third and Alder Streets Get the Maggots Before They Get Your Garden! Vm uts yesr Csttsc ladisa. Tsmis aa all fteet Crass trea Ito V ; e additional. TfrrTTTTf' 2-Ib. cans, 25c Ip,--- - At jw dtmttrs r h mall. THE CHAS. H. LILLY CO. YakfaM SEATTLE Tortus EOeasbarff Wspate rvA-" OvXtvJ O Superior Quality - 3 GWSJJ&G a Grower's Prices. SPECIAL 1 0 extra free-flowcria varieties of trne-to-nasn Dahlia TsWi (value over S2.50) sent postpaid on receipt of this ad X 00 24-page Illustrated Catalogue FREE if yon write, all or phone. Contains up to the minute collections of DAHLIAS and GLADIOLI. Large variety of Geraniums and all kinds of porch box and bedding plants. - Phone Wdln. 2096. WHITE FLORA! CO ,m AXBnrA aymtus HllllCi T lVSAtrldi VvS J art 1 Block Xorta of Fealasala Part ers to sell seeds and plants to croups of people orderinr collectively, at prices ranrln from 25 to 50 per cent lower than In Individual lota. This, it Is ex plained, can be don's because ot the ease in handling: the lartre orders. The dis tribution of the seeds and plants Is left to the organisation or the garden club maUnt the purchase, v Roses to be used in the floral parade must be cared for now. Pruning- must b done now nd tha 'plant must be fertilised and watered. In using- the fertiliser the ground must be loosened and the fertiliser worked in by hand. QUICK 1T0BX XECESSABT. It is only by Intensive cultivation that the flowers will be in bloom in time. "In order for the Rose Festival to be a success, by that I mean so we will not have to depend on California flow- rs," said RouUedare,: the people must realise that flowers cannot be grown by magic but requlra care and atten tion, further, tha people must realise that the festival is an annual event and that flowers must be given time to grow. There Is no excuse for the flur ries of the last minute." . uarderiiiw Don't crowd garden plants after they have started o grow. Thinning in creases the crop you will harvest in else and quality, if not in quantity. Insects In small numbers may be erad icated by hand picking, but more se vere methods must be employed to rid the garden of large numbers of pests. Many seeds are lost from the failure ot the home gardener to properly firm the soil after sowing, especially in dry weather. . . . - The more the soil in- yjmr garden la "worked turned 'and fined the more rapidly the plant food becomes available. . ; . y . Eggplant can be successfully grown by the same practices as produce good tomato crops. - . Wet the roots of plants as much as possible and the leaves as little as pos sible. i ? ''. .- . The roots of the plants in the home garden cannot penetrate ground that haa not been loosened. ; - ' - :. Asparagus beds should last 29 years or more if properly cared for. f . .Fertiliser is as important to most soils as crater. - E.l.)av,npot hotel, at Spokane, to house the second annual Inland Empire Merchants convention, to bg held July Zv to & Sweet Pea Planting ; Suggestions Timely ; For Home Gardens Sweet peas are one ot the floral trials ot the gardner's life, for he frequently sees the result of his own efforts blos soming forth on puny little spindles for stocks and with weak-looking blossoms. But to assure success la sweet pea cul ture and to get from the seed these great, varicolored blooms that are the delight of the experienced grower's heart is tt more or less simple procedure, it we are to believe those is a position to know. .-. - i - Good seed are the first demand, ot course, and thereafter proper planting and proper care will assure a crop that will make the fence or the trelise blos som like a hothouse. - The following- suggestions for plant ing sweet peas, while they will require a little more labor than is usually given by the home lot floriculturist, will, it is said, assure results, and if work is started at once there will be a wealth of sweet peas to augment the rose sup ply for the Rose Festival : These instructions which provide for a trench 15 feet long, one foot wide and II inches, deep, can be made to fit any space of ground: Place as many cans rilled with loose dirt as possible in bot tom of trench, filling trench to depth of six inches; on top of this six Inches of straw or leaves. Follow with two Inches of fine soli; sprinkled with fertiliser raked in. Follow with two inches o soli, sprinkled with, fertiliser raked in. repeating until soil is six inches above surface. Soak 'peas over night (not longer) in warm water (not too- hot), plant one inch below surface. Plant in warm sunny ' place. Three packages of seeds, 20 cents and one package of fertiliser, -10 . cents., Is the cost for the 16-foot trench. pounds. With certified seed selling small lots at around f cents per poun i the total expense for such a pieca cf ground would only be 1, whereat if the ordinary seed is , used it will cot possibly 60 cents. The difference in th original cost is very small, but the Ci! ference in the results may be very larf and the work required for -raising a crop is not any more tor good seed Un for poor Beed. 15 or 20 Kinds of Vegetables Enough Some' beginners in gardening . become very enthusiastic in early spring when they look through seed catalogues. They have a desire to plant every kind of vegetable elaborately described and fa vorably illustrated. As a rule not more than 16 or 20 kinds of vegetables should be planted in the average home garden. Few beginners also - realise the import ance of well-prepared seed beds. Pul verize the soil as deeply as it is plowed. If the . 'soil is coarse and lumpy, even though its surface is well broken -up, the plants will not thrive. Large air spaces in the soil are injurious but -a great number ot small ones are bene ficial. ; How to Grow Spuds In Your Back -Yard A plot of 15 by 20 feet planted with certified seed and properly taken care of should yield about 400 pounds of potatoes. The amount of seed to plant such a lot. providing the spuds are cut into four pieces, will be about 17 or II MTU ILAlLJTJklLl RYE GRASS SEED, 6c LB. ." Oresos drown SPRING VETCH KS, 7 POCXD Plant Vetches Now GOOD GARDEN SEEDS THAT GROW Bsy Tosr Gardes Needs, Groceries aad Hossehold Beceiiltles by Mali WRITE aroa CATALOG Franklin & Co. 134 FRONT ST. BLUE BUILDING HERB 8ISCE lltl Miller's Exquisite Dahlias and Gladioli Grow Better Bloom Better nigh la Quality, Set Price Over 40S nt the world finest varie ties. Iseladlns tha best novelties of recent introduction. Catalogue and Cnltsral Gslde Free Tells when to plant asd how Ap grow these wonderfsl flowers iscceislally anywhere. . N. A. MILLER DAHLIA SPECIALIST F. O. Box 41H, Portland, Oregon JOHNZmMERIJAIJ . Landscape Gardener and Nurgeryman SPECIALTY: Hardy Perennials TIGARD, OREGON Plant Meier & Frank Premium Quality Seeds Meier & Frank's Premium Quality Northern-grown garden seeds are celebrated for hardiness, productivity and quality. Corrertly cleaned, tested for purity and germina tion, they have given satisfaction fox more than thirty-five . years they . aje especially adapted to this state's soil and climate. - Early varieties can be planted now and a succession of plantings will provide fresh vege tables for your table throughout the summer. This Yearns, Prices, Are Lower - on some varieties by the pound forwarded postpaid for 5c pound additional. All orders for less than pounds are postpaid. Order now. - ' VEGETABLE SEEDS Hearts 60 One pound will .plant about reel or ana. ; ' Improved Golden, Wax. pkt. 10c, lb. 15c. lb. 25c . ' - Davis White Wax, pkt. 10c. lb. 15c, lb. 25c - S trinities Green Pod, pkt 10c, lb. lsclb. SOc Kentucky Wonder, pkt 10c, lb. 18c, lb. 30c Peas EO One . pound will plant: about feet or arm. . . Karliest of Ail, Alaska, pkt 10C, . lb. 16c lb. 25c- . Premium Gem, pkt. 10c, lb. 20c, lb. 35c Gradus, pkt. 10c, lb. 18c lb. 80c American Wonder, pkt 10c, lb. 18c, lb. SOc Telephone, pkt 10c, lb. -18c, lb. 30c . Uttle Marvel, pkt. 10c lb. 20o lb. 35c Corn . One pound will plant about 100 hills. . ' . . Country Gentleman, pkt 10c lb. 16c lb. 25c Early White Cory. Pkt 10c lb. 16c lb. 25c Golden Bantam, pkt 10c Vm lb. 15c lb. 25c . BeeU BO One ounce win plant about feet or arm. Early Blood Turnip, pkt fc os. 10c K lb. 25c. lb. 60c. . Detroit Dark Red, pltC 6c 16er lb. 25c, A lb. 40c. - Mangels, Long Red.' pkt 6c ox.' 10c, 4 lb. 16o. y, lb. 25c Golden Tankard, pkt. 6c, ox 10c, lb. 15c V lb. 25c Cabbage One ounce win plant . about 300 feet of drill. - Wakefield Early Jersey, pkt 6c OX. 25c 4 lb. 5c Copenhagen Market Pt fc ox. ISc, Sk lb. 81.25. Danish Ballhead, pkt 6c, ox. 25c, ?4 lb. 5c. ,. - - . Carrots One ounce will plant about 100 feet of drill. - Chan ten ay, pkt 6c, os. 16c lb. 30c, Ji lb, 66c . Danvers Half Ixnr. pkt 6c os. 15c lb. SOc b lb. 65c Oxheart pkt 6c, ox. 15c, lb. 30c, lb. 65c Jdastodon, pkt, 6c, ox. 15c, lb. 30c, lb. 65c ' Turnips One ounce wiU plant about 150 feet of drill. Kariy Bcarlet White Top, pkt 6c os. 10c V lb. 25c Early iVhite Flat Pkt 6c ox, 10c, lb. 35c Purple Top, pkt 6c, ox. 10c, lb. 85c Tellow Ruta Baca, pkt 6c, ox. IOC, 'A id. &c Radishes One ounce will plant about CO feet of drill. Early Scarlet White Tip, pkt 6c, os; 10c,. 4 Jb. 25c. x French Breakfast Pkt 6c os. 10c, lb. 25c Early Long Scarlet pkt 6c, os. 15c lb. 35c ' White Icicle, pkt 6c, ox. 15c, lb. S5c Cucumbers One ounce will plant about 60 bills. Early Frame, pkt 6c, os. 10c, lb. 35c . Long Green, pkC 6c os. 10c, M lb. 485e. White Bpine, pkt. 6c, os. 10c, ',1 lb. 85c Boston Pickling, pkt 6c, ox. 10c, 4 lb. 25c Onions One ounce will plant about 100 feet of drill. Tellow Globe Danvers, pkt 6c, off. 16c, 4 lb. 65c Large Red Wethers field, pkt 6c, os. 20c 4 lb. 60c Australian Brown, pkt 6c, ox. 20c, K lb. eoc. . White Bunching, pkt 10c, os. SOc, lb. SOc Boston Pickling, pkt 10c ox. 30c, lb. 0c T Onion Sets One pound wlU plant about a 60 foot row. Hard, clean, best Quality onion sets, lb.- 15c FLOWER SEEDS We have a fine collection of flower seeds of superior quality in packets and in bullc. Spencer Sweet Peas Elrht varieties, including salmon; mauve, lavender, purple salmon pink, blue and cream, pkt 10c, ox. 60c , Spencer Mixed Sweet Peas, many beautiful colors and shades, pkt 10c, os. 60c Grancliflort Sweet Peas - This variety of Sweet Peas is get ting more popular every year, we. have bright crimson, white and navy blue, pkt 10c ox. 20c Grandiflora Mixed Sweet Peas, a mixture of above varieties, pkt. 10c, os. 20c. , Giant Asters . - Besides being most effective flowers in the garden. Giant Asters supply long and lasting cut flowers. White, pink, lavender and crimson, pkt. 10c -Mixed Aster seeds, a mixture of the above varieties, pkt, 10c .Lawn Grass Seed, Garden Fertilizer, Tools, Lawn Mowers, Hose, Etc., Here at Lowest Prices Veler A Frask'st ITliU Floor. Wan Orders F01D