The Oregon daily journal., March 21, 1919, Page 2, Image 2

THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL. .PORTLAND, FRIDAY, MARCH 211919.
Conflicting
OPPOSING CLAIMS
DELAY ACTION ON
PEACE AGREEMENT
Difficulties of Framing Peace
' Settlements Are Complex and
; Adjustments Necessarily Slow.
BIG POWERS ARE INCLUDED
Leading Nations Have Hard Task
to Make Own Claims Fit To
gether; Lesser Interests Clash.
f By Faol Scott Mowrer
"Special Wlrcleaa to Th Journal and The Oilcan
iJeily Newa.
4 (Coprriht 119. by Chfcaao Dally Jftwa Co.)
I Paris, March 21. Certain element of
American opinion seem to be surprised
that the allies, having- fought for a com-
smon cause and ail professing; the same
ideals, should experience such difficulty
in reaching an agreement as to what
' they want to do.
The difficulties and delays which the
negotiations are undergoing are not at
tributable to differences in ideals.
Each of the five great powers un
doubtedly has an earnest desire to ar
rive at an understanding, but 'it must
be remembered that though all had a
common aim In defeating Germany their
actual material interests at the present
time are not only not identical but in
some cases . are actually opposed.
Many lpatea to Settle
This opposition of interests would al
ready be grave enough if It were limited
to disputes between China and Japan
over Tsingtau. between Japan and Aus
tralia over the Pacific islands, between
the Poles and Czechs over the Teschen
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in "VIRTUOUS "WIVES"
the truth: about married life
IN NEW YORK SOCIETY
TATTY' Arbuckle in 'Love'
Interests
WOMEN DEMAND
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Women Sinn Felners addressing a street meeting in Dublin demanding the release from prison of Countess
Markievicz, the famous woman Sinn Fein leader and the only woman elected to the British parliament.
Mrs. Sheehy Skeffington, who visited the United States last year, is shown seated in the cart facing the
camera.
coal basin, between Italy and Greece
over Dodecanesua islands and Albania,
and between the Italians and the Jugo
Siaves over Flume and the Dalmatian
coast. The settlement then could be
left to the "Big Five."
Unfortunately, the opposition extends
even to the nations represented in the
council of 10.
Without pretending to give a full
summary of such opposition I may men
tion the following:
1. It is to the interest of Britain and
the United States to have the present
trade restrictions lifted as- soon as poa-
'hij
-1 f '
3
i
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of
Nations
RELEASE OF. IMPRISONED LEADER
sible. It is equally to the interest of
France and Kaly until their industries
can make ready to compete in the world
markets.
Germany Matt Be Fostered "
2. Everyone now realizes the indem
nities dilemma, namely, that if Ger
many is to be able to pay the indemni
ties demanded, Bhe must be given raw
stuffs and permitted to export exten
sively, and that If . she is forbidden to
import raw stuffs and export manufac
tured goods she cannot pay the indem
nities. It is to the. interest of France and
Italy to obtain indemnities even at the
cost of allowing German industries to
resume the export trade. It is to Eng
land's interest to prevent Germany from
resuming the export trade even at the
cost of losing the indemnities.
3. While the Interests of France and
England conflict in keeping Italy out of
Asia Minor.
Italy and France Would Pool
4. Italy and France want to pool the
war debts, but England and the United
States have contrary interests.
6. It is to France's intereTst to have
Austria Join the Jugo-Slavs in a Danube
confederation rather than Join Germany.
It is to Italy's Interest to have Austria
Join Germany rather than the Jugo
slavs. There is nothing fatal about
these fundamental oppositions of ma
terial interest, but they go some dis
tance toward explaining why the wbrk
of the peace conference is necessarily
slow..
Huns' to Be Disarmed
London, March 21. Strict safeguards
for he disarmament of Germany are
announced by Paris correspondents of
the Times and the Daily Mall. ' They
state that discussion of this question is
practically ended with the exception of
some points-which do not affect the
military or naval strength.
The purpose of the terms Is to reduce
the German army to the limits required
for the preservation of civil order and
maintenance of frontier guards.
A long service Germany army of 100.-
000 men is the maximum. The great
general staff disappears together with
other bodies of the same kind.
Bed see Kimter of Schools
The military schools are cut down and
the number receiving training must be
in proportion ; to the vacancies in the
army. There must be no scheme of
mobilisation.
The clauses regarding fortifications
provide for the destruction of all forti
fied works, fortresses and field fortifi
cations within 50 miles of the Rhine,
and the construction of any new forti
fications of any kind is forbidden in
this area.
On the southern and eastern frontiers
Germany will be allowed to maintain her
fortifications In the" existing condition.
The terms fix very definitely the
number of rifles and guns and the manu
facture or munitions for the Germans.
Keep Tab on War Supplies
The manufacture of munitions or war
material may be carried on only In such
works of which the allies have been
fully informed and the number of which
the allies reserve the right to limit.
AMI other establishments In any way
connected with the war shall be shut up
and the workmen dismissed.
All arms and war materials, including
anti-aircraft guns above the require
ments as fixed in the treaty, are to
be surrendered to the allies and the as
sociated governments which will render
them useless - or destroy them. Any
such plant for the manufacture of war
material except that required for the
production of quantities laid down will
meet with the same fate.
Cannot Import Material
Germany will be forbidden to import
war material of any kind or to manu
facture for export any war material.
This covers asphyxiating gas and other
devices such as armored cars and tanks.
L In the naval terms all the clauses re
lating to the fate of the German .war
ships to be surrendered by Germany
are still subject to reservation. The al
lies have not yet come to an agreement
whether or not the ships should, be de
stroyed or broken up or used to make
rood allied losses during the war. The
bbject of the naval clauses is the same
as the military the reduction of the
German naval strength to the equivalent
of - police and frontier control.
- Japan Delays League
By Bobert 3. Bender
Washington, March 21. (U. P.) Pro
hibition of racial discrimination as- an
amendment of the League of Nations
covenant sought by Japan, stands out
today as the leading obstacle in the
path of Immediate agreement on the
league draft for the peace treaty.
Officials here fear that in amending
the covenant to meet objections of op
position senators, President Wilson is
running the danger of having to give
ground to other powers, who have been
waiting for an opportunity to amend
the original draft.;
, The principal purpose 'of the Japan
ese delegates was to inject into the
document a clause 'that will prevent
any discrimination against Japanese
a point involving 4ong drawn out dif
ferences of opinion between the United
States and Japan and which already
has aroused western senators.
- Quinine Tttat Den Hef Affect Head
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bj anyoM without eanainc avimnwi or rtaeiaa
In tb head. Tbera la oaly on "Bran Ooinin&
, & W. GKOVS'S aieaatuxa eat the box. SOc A4,
Are
GERMANY.PLANS
WORLD CONQUEST
First Offensive Will Be Aimed
Against United States With
Help of Germans Already Here.
By Belt M. Edwards
(Copyright, 19 1, International Newa Renrica)
London, March 20. (I. N. S.) Ger
many has accepted the fact that she Is
beaten hopelessly. To rebuild herself
she is now planning a great commercial
offensive on the entire world, aiming
first at the United States. :.
She greatly fears, as a. possible bar
to her success Bolshevism, from with
in, and restriction of immigration from
without. She fears America's restriction
more than anything else In the world.
These are the outstanding- observations
of Lieutenant Commander. Hugo W.
Koehler of the United States navy, who
has Just returned from Germany after a
six weeks' tour. He spent considerable
time In many large cities, many small
ones, the - Spartacan-lnf ested regions,
and studied social, political and economic
conditions there.J; He made visits (to Ger
many's merchant jfteet, submarines and
warships still in harbor.
Going After World Trade
"Germany today knows there is no
military hope," he said. "The people
all are solidly determined to carry on a
commercial offensive that will stagger
the world, principally America, to build
up the world tradethat they lost.
"Germany is not defeated commercial
ly. The only things that can block her
for a time are Bolshevism from within
and the restriction of Immigration by
the United States. She needs food and
raw materials. Both of these will choke
off Bolshevism in plenty of time for
Germany to recuperate.
"Of course there is not the same old
well coordinated, hard-working government-.
But give this new group time and
it will soon have an organization work
ing properly. Its members know they
are down and out as far as military ef
fort goes. They realize that commerce is
their only hope and they are going
after it right away.
"How? Germany is planning to send
millions of emigrants to the United
States, and it will be an emigration of
an entirely different class than the aver
age that has come to America In the
past, for these emigrants are to be com
mercial missionaries.
Seeking JVew Markets
"Germans explain that if they lose
their colonies land the greater part of
former markets, they will not be able
to support their present population and
that the first need for Germany, there
fore, is the opening of new markets.
Accordingly the people are being told
that they may best serve the fatherland
by going to America and there opening
up markets for German goods by the
simple expedient of buying only things
made In Germany. If immigration ' is
unrestricted in the United Btates there
is no doubt at all but that the Germans
are coming over in millions.
"Of course, restriction of immigration
would keep them out of the country, but
It will not prevent them from selling
razors and dyes. If they sell better
razors and dyes than we do and for less
money. The only real solution would
PART OF GERMAN P0SEN
NORTH
SEA
THROUGH BUSINESS
v tf O SO 160 200
Under the netv terms for the renewal of the armistice, as presented to
the Germans by Marshal Foeh, a eonsiderable part ot German Posen is
fliven to Poland. The black sections indicate the territory lost by
Germany under both the new and old armistices. The white dash line
marks the new Polish-German frontier fixed by the new terms Just
presented to the Germans. Alsace-Lorraine was lost under the origl
Bttl i terms. ' --
Discussed Before
appear to be to beat them at their own
game, and that is to make better razors
and dyes than they do.
Coast oa Germans for Market
"Germarfti have - reconciled themselves
to- the fact that they must pay for the
war. They realise that the only way
to pay for it is to get control of the
markets of the world ; get control by
putting in cheap stuff, but good stuff.
They understand that for them to flood
the world with cheap articles of poor
quality would close the markets of the
world against them more effectively
than any tariff could. And they under
stand, too, that war or no war, people
are going to buy where they can get the
most serviceable things cheap.
"Germany is going to convert her for
mer officers of the military establish
ment into a commercial army. They
will also send their keenest business
men, commercial and scientific men.
They will at once begin their efforts to
provide a market for German goods by
the simple process vf having a million
immigrants demand such German goods.
"Practically all of the German fac
tories are idle at a complete standstill.
The greater part of them were converted,
to the manufacture of war materials and
the many substitute materials the war
forced them to develop.
Sabstltates Found Useful
"But all the processes for the manu
facture of substitute materials will not
be scrapped. Some of them have great
possibilities of commercial development.
For example, the urgent necessity for a
supply of motor spirit resulted in the de
velopment of a process of distillation of
a gasoline substitute from the hitherto
useless soft brown coal which is to bo
found in large deposits in Saxony and
Wurtteraberg.
"And many substitutes have proved
quite as good as the article which they
were designed to replace, and as they
can be manufactured fA a considerably
smaller cost. It seems likely that. they
will replace the original article.
"Take clothing, for Instance. As the
supply of cotton and- wool has . been
almost entirely exhausted. It has been
necessary to develop paper clothing.
This is not nearly so bad as it sounds,
for the paper is spun into threads and
woven into cloth. Much of the cotton
mill machinery has been converted to
spin paper cloth, and even were the
supply of cotton increased enormously
it would take some time before the
mills could be reconverted to the use
of cotton, as the difference between
the two installations is considerable.
Sugar Supply Increased
"They manufacture a fairly good sort
of underclothing out of paper that will
stand washing eight or nine times.
"The - scaroity , of sugar in a sugar
producing country was caused by the
necessity of using sugar for the manu
facture of the glycerine required for
the manufacture' of munitions. Germa
ny has now found a way to make
glycerine out of certain waste products,
which has enabled her to increase the
sugar ration within the year. An
other increase Is expected shortly.
"The tire substitutes were Ingenious
and many, but all were unsatisfactory.
"Some heavy Bole leather is still on
hand, but wooden sol with iron hob
nails, are the commoner; and one sees
children with shoes entirely of wood.
"Most of the millinery shops had lit
tle but black hats and mourning bon
nets. Most of the cloth on display in the
women's shops is black. One notices
a considerable difference between the
prevision for men and women. It seems
that such real cloth as remained was
being reserved for men's clothes and
that women used the substitute cloth for
the most part. , ,
t-- Befnse te Admit Defeat
"Germany fares badly in regard to
food, but you can get anything you
want if you have the price. In Berlin.
Hamburg, Bremen, and any of the
larger cities you can get an excellent
meal, but at an exorbitant price. How
ever, this is not an indication of the
amount of food In Germany because
few people can buy food at such prices.
The mining districts are the worst off
the large cities are next.. Small cities
are comparatively better off and rural
districts suffer the least.
"The German people speak of their
armies as undefeated by the allies, al
though they state quite frankly that
Germany now is absolutely at the mercy
of the allies. They also admit -that cer
tain military blunders were made. But
they believe in only one cause for their
ultimate defeat that is Bolshevism,
which affected their armies as well as
their navy."
Holland May Enter
'Bone Dry' Column
By W. J. I,. Klehl
Special Cable to The Journal and Chicago
Daily Newa.
(Copyright. 11. br .The Chicago Daily News.)
The Hague, March 21. The govern
ment has instituted a commission to In
quire into the possibility of greatly re
ducing and eventually stopping me ais
tilling of alcoholic beverages for use in
Holland. Production for export would
still be allowed and the manufacture of
alcohol for industrial purposes would be
permitted.
Strikers Return to Work
r-iovAlnil. March iU fU. P. Off!
cials of the Amalgamated Clothing
Workers of America announced Thurs
day that most of the Cleveland clothing
firms have signed agreements and the
4000 striking workers were returning to
their Jobs.
GIVEN TO THE POLES
Paris
T TO
OLD OPPRESSION
TACTICS ON POLES
Refuse to Let Ex-Soldiers Re
turn Home and Deny Them thef
. Right to Obtain Any Work.
UPRISING MAY BE RESULT
Germans Willing Poles Should
Have Lands From Russia and
Austria, but Not of Germany.
By Anthony Czarneekl
Special Cable to Tba Journal and tbe Chicac"
Lly News.
(Copyright. 1919. by Chicago Daily Newa Co.)
Kreuz, Posen, by courier to Paris,
March 21. There are soldiers and sail
ors of Polish blood here who are com
pelled by ttye German government under
the rules of martial law to serve in the
German army. In some cases they
come from hospitals after being wound
ed and in other cases from distant gar
risons. This city -and other places in
the province of Posen and other ter
ritory of old Poland still in German
hands are confronted with conditions
which on any day may result in an
armed revolt. Groups of these dis
charged soldiers and sailors still wear
ing the , German uniform clustered
around the members of the international
commission and myself complaining bit
terly of being detained in this city and
being forbidden to go to their families
in the territory held by their own
countrymen.
Refused Work and Without Funds
They cannot get work and are left
without funds. The Germans in control
here give them the choice of either
Joining the forces which are to-be ar
rayed against the Polish soldiers
among whom are their own brothers and
own kin and of continuing without em
ployment and starving. Some who tried
to go to Posen, Gensen and other cities
in Poland from other directions declared
that they were confronted with similar
conditions. "What shall we do 7" was
the inquiry that was put to the Amer
icans and British in the delegation.
In the group of men in German "Uni
form was a former resident of Phil
adelphia who t had returned to his native
city a few months before the outbreak
of the war. Because he was not nat
uralised he was forced into the German
army. He spoke English and told his
story In that language. He said that
for ten days he had been trying to
reach his family only a few stations dis
tant In the territory occupied by the
Polish soldiers. Another man before
the war had worked in England and
was visiting at home when the war be
gan. He was forced into the array and
could not Join his family.
Relate Permission to Go Home
- Both the sailors and soldiers declared
that they would not rejoin the army
and would not fight against their own
Polish people. They said they "would not
even fight against the ' Germans who
might rebel against the present German
regime. They declared that while their
kin in the armed Polish forces only
a short distance away were refraining
from attacking- the Germans because ot
the. armistice, they would not be kept
much longer from going home. They
eaid that 'if they were sufficient in
number they would try to get through
the German lines and would avail them
selves of the military training given
them by the Germans to force their
way home. If it was necessary they
would sieze the-city and the surround
ing country. This force of soldiers and
sailor is being increased daily by civil
ians who are also barred from going
home. Some Of the latter have arrived
here from - distant parts of Germany
where they worked, some from the vi
cinity of Kaliss and others from other
sections. Some seek to go home tto ter
ritory which before the war was under
Russian rule 'and which cannot he
claimed as German territory but all
have been refused, including men who
came with their wives and children.
Threatened With Ballets
In some cases the civilians permitted
their wives and children to proceed
alone while they themselves remained
in the hopes that some kind German
official might permit them to go home.
There are others without funds who
have been waiting here for days with
their families. One man whose wife
and four children, hungry and suffer
ing, were huddled together with their
bundles on the floor of the railroad
station waiting room, declared that he
bad been told that he would get a
Prussian bullet if he persisted in both
ering the authorities who a week before
had refused to nermit him to nroceed.
"My money is used up and myA
plight is a difficult one," he said.
"Before they carry out their threat to
kill me it will be my duty to try to
help my dear ones. There are others
here in a similar plight. We will
neither be starved to death nor slaught
ered like sheep without trying to. pro
tect ourselves. Tour commissions now
control the shooting and fighting be
tween the forces arrayed on the f ron- lj
tier, but what shall we do? Will you
blame us if we do what the Sparta
cans and Bolshevists are doing to get to
our homes? If it were not for some
of the Polish people who, though starv
ing themselves, shared what they had
with us. we could not have endured
the situation for a week. As it Is we
are coming close to the end of our
endurance. " What will follow. God only
knows,: but' we will neither starve nor
serve as murderers of our fcretaren
nor hel p to prevent : the full freedom
and independence; of Poland."
Haas i Terrorize Population
This situation found here in the face
of armed soldiers Is typical Of that
in Other places; Coupled with the com
plaints of these people are continuous
protests against the-terrorizing or tne
civilian Polish population iu Upper
Silesia, east and west Prussia and the
parts of the province of Posen still in
German hands; This makes the situ
ation still more perilous.
German military officials and repre
sentatives of workingmen's councils
are here explaining a reason for re
fusing to permit Polish soldiers and
sailors to gok. into the territory held
by the Poles. They say that such men
are kept from going home to prevent
their, becoming .soldiers in the Polish
armed forces in territory which Ger
many hopes to retain. These German
officials do. not object to the resurrec
tion of a free Poland from the terri
HUNS
ESO
tory held by Russia and Austria-Hun
Peace
gary, but they, say they will prevent
the - abolition of German rule in
the J German part of old Poland.
When I asked what would result from
the gathering of increased numbers of
such men the officials would not reply,
merely shrugging their shoulders.
LUDENDORFF WITHOUT
A JOB NOW MEMOIRS
HAVE BEEN FINISHED
Walks Streets of Berlin in Civil
ian Clothes Same as Any
Ordinary Citizen.
8pecial Wiralcaa to Tha Journal and Tba Chicago
(Copyright, 1919, by Chicago Daily New Co.)
Berlin. German. Miirrth 91 Tnin.
finished writing his memoirs. General
.Liuaenaorrr Js today about the most Idle
mau In Germany. Not even the dubious
glamor of the kaiser in exile Burrounds
him. lie is to be seen walking in the
streets of Berlin, an erect figure in
civilian clothes, no different ' from the
thousand and one erect fia-uma .hnm
Aim.
Vlth every other correspondent In
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LIP PICTURE TniP
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Conference
Germany I paid a visit to General Lu
dendorf f's home. , At present he is living
as a guest at the home of his former
adjutant.' Captain Broecker. As I spoke
with Mrs. Broecker, the American wife
of the Prussian officer, General Luden
dorff sat in the adjoining roonv bent
over a table fussing with the proof
sneeis or nis ' memoirs. All errorts to
Involve him in conversation were futile,
futile. -
During the talk, however. X learned
that it was better not to mention the
name of Hindenburg. as "his excellency,
Ludendorf f, and Hindenburg are not on -speaking
terms." I inquired . why and
was told that Hindenburg acted in an
unethical manner in deserting his fellow
commander, it appeared that ou the
way east in 1917 Hindenburg andXuden-'
dorff had shaken hands and vowed to
stand together and that what befell one
would befall the other. Despite thin.
Hindenburg had taken' the first oppor
tunity to play a trick upon Ludendorff
and spread the report lastNovember
mat itUdendorrr had flea from Germany
to save his. skin also, that Hindenburg
had refused to permit the kaiser to or
ganise a battalion and lead It himself
into battle in October, saying. "You'll
oe snot Dy your own soiaiers it you ao.
"What is General Ludendorff going
to do now?' I asked. ,
"That is what we" are all wondering."
Mrs. Broecker answered. "He hann't
anything or any job at all. lie is only
53 years old and too young to be Idle."
I learned then that an American firm
was trying to make a contract to put
lAidendorf f on a lecture circuit in the
United States, but the general refused.
A declaring "The people would come to
look at me as something out of the soo."
. 1 " ..L.1- '
10:45 A. M.
An actual
torn
fym ikt
eryyvi'Srt)
"The Broadway Thea
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flowing-' by an audience
that never missed a thrill
nor skipped a dramatic
sensation."
N. Y. Morning Telegraph
"A distinct achieve-'
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creation."
.-New York Times
Special
Orchestra
Under Direction of Valentino Iluber,
Former Concert Master for
D. W. Griffith
.it
s'