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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 8, 1918)
1CL THE OREGON ! SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 8, 1918. It PEAC SETTLE TITLE TO FORMER GERMAN ISLAND POSSESSIONS IN -THE! PACIFIC HAN ISLANDS Future Ownership of Micronesia :r Groups in Western Pacific Is ; Subject, of Speculation. ' ALL RICH IN RESOURCES American Missionaries in 1852 Carry First Education to Is ': 'lands, but Hampered by Huns. . V - The fortunes of war again. have raised the question of title to three groups of Islands In the western -Pacific the-Ca-drone,, Carolines and Marshalls. con stituting the major portion of Micro nesia. t These Islands were until re 'rently possessions of the German empire: . Early In the war they were taken, over by British and Japanese forces and are now claimed b'y the Japanese as a por tion of recompense for, her share in the area)-conflict. Recent advices from Washington state that the Japanese government will lay their claims before the coming peace conference. The three groups He between 5 and 25 degrees north latitude and 110 to 145 degrees west from Washington. The Marshall, islands are approximately 2400 miles southwest "of Hawaii and the farthest east of the Carolines are about J00 miles from the Philippines.. The La drones extend northward to within 1200 miles, of Japan." Though widely scattered and possess ing total land area of less than 3000 seuare miles, the strategical value of these islands and their commercial 1m-l-ortance a well make them apprize of war which the Japanese may well covet. They are for the most - part rlch in soil and yield liberally all the fruits of the tronics. . Copra , and phosphates arc the principal exports and there Is an . Increasing trade in coral, sea shells and fruits. Mscn Trade Enjoyed Though the great majority of the 11 . and of. Micronesia are of coral forma tion there are a considerable number which are mountainous and attain alti tudes of several hundred feet. There are 1 many excellent harbors scattered throughout the archipelago which will prove advantageous as coaling stations and stopping places for the future trade of the Pacific. During the year 1912 a total of 346 vessels entered the ports of the Mar shall Islands alone. Kxports from this ; group during that year were valued at 7,046.000 marks and Imports at 3.325.000 , marks. The larger portion of this trade . was with Germany. - The Marshall group' consists of two ; Trallel rows of ntollslylng from 100 to - 300 miles apart. The eastern row, known as Ratak." consists of 15 inlands -and the western, or Hal lk, of 18 islands, varying i In circumference from two to B0 miles. ! Jalult Island Is the most Important and .""Is the center of "commerce of the group. AH the Marshall. Islands are low lying h and f coral .formation. Many of these i tolls are broken into sections varying from, one to 20 miles in length and from one Quarter mile to a mile in width. ; Rich in Resources Breadfruit, jackfrult, coconut palm and other tropical fruits abound. On ' some of the larger Islands the breadfruit trees attain a diameter of 12 feet and a height .of 80 feet, a single tree bearing ," quantities of food equal to many acres .of -wheat. Fresh water pools are found In the itnerlor of many of the islands and' on their margins grow taro, arrow -' root, bananas and caladium. The native population of the Marshalls prior to the German occupation " was estimated at ' . 1J.000. The Carolines, lying vrestward of the '. Marshalls, are all. of coral formation ex- In i Ajm M;dyi jy 4 - " ' ' Mwir . y y 1 oPtf-' 1 & Volcanic I! r . FORMOSA -ZXADRONS u , M)J6fi5? I? S jSffl1' r,.- - T.J..- - 'SMCkl. MARQUESAS If Marshall, Caroline and-Ladrone island groups, possession of which will be determined at the coming peace conference Oh! the Charm of Beauty et Stuart's Calcium Wafers Restore ' the Color to Your Cheeks and Remove the Cause of Pimples, Blackheads, Etc. -!; ( "t 0 ' .-I ?Xyv . i. ' vvM. NV f :; ?::. ;CX -it -V. EJvery one envies a beautiful skin, just I as every one. envies a neaithy person. faces filled with DlmDles. Unsightly with decolorations, blackheads, etc.. are n'oth Ing but unhealthy faces due to blood Impurities. Cleanse the blood and the facial blemishes disappear. : You must not believe that drugs and salve will stop facial blemishes. The cause Is Impure blood filled with all manner of refuse matter. Stuart's Calcium Wafers cleanse and clear the blood, driying out all poisons and impurities. And you'll never have a good complexion until the blood Is clean.. - No matter hew bad your complexion !, Stuart's Calcium Wafers will work wonders with It. You can get these little wonder-workers at your druggists' for 60 cents a package. Adv. ' v : Free Trial Coupon " F. A. Staart Co, 718 Staart Bldgn Marshall, Mich. Send me at once, Dy return mail, a free trial package of Stuart's Calcium Wafers. " Name Street ................ Qty . . ....... . . ; ....... State. cept Kusaie and Ponape, which are mountainous and rugged. Kusaie is of volcanic origin and rises to a height of 2200 feet above the sea. There is a heavy rainfall here and the island is cov ered with a heavy growth of giant forest trees, as well as palms of various species and fruits in great , abundance. Ponape is the most important of the Carolines. The mainland is 60 miles in circumference and entirely surrounding it are barrier reefs 80 miles in circum ference. . The island, like Kusaie, is of volcanici formation and rises to a height of 2858 feet The water between the "mainland and the surrounding reef Is rom two; to eight miles in width and. is of such depth that . the largest: ves sels may salt entirely, around the island. ... Ponape Is Capital There are three good Ji arbors on the mainland of Ponape and the island was the seat of government for the Eastern Carolines under German rule. The bar rier reef is broken into 15 islands and between the barrier and the mainland are 12 small islands. The flora of Ponape Is as rich and varied as that of Kusaie. Ivory palms, bearing a fruit much prized In Micro nesia, flourish in great abundance, the trees attaining a height of 70 to 80 feet and many of them being 12 feet in diam eter. Other native fruits are plentiful and a considerable portion of .the Island is under cultivation. An American missionary writes of Ponape: "A visit to this island la like wandering in fairy-land. The verdure is excessive. We cannot get through the bush except along paths. The people carry knives to cut their way. Bread fruit, oranges, taro, bananas, pineapples, papalas, arrowroot and sago palms abound, also chermoias, guavas, man gos and other tropical fruits." Three hundred miles southwest of Ponape aire the Mortlocks, consisting of three atolls and more than 100 islands famed foe the fertility of their soil. Two hundred smiles northwest of , the Mort locks Is Ruk. which has a lagoon 40x100 miles in dimensions, surrounded by 10 large islands, some of them 300 feet high and abounding in fruits and vegetables. Still farther northwest are other atolls and two high islands. Other Important Groups The Pelews are another - important group of the Carolines, lying farthest west and nearest the Philippines. North of the Carolines are the Marrianne or Ladrone islands, of which the southern most, Guam, belongs to the United States. , The climate of Micronesia is the mild' est in the world, the temperature vary ing from 75 to 87 degrees Fahrenheit. From1 October to May the . northeast trades blow over the -northern portion of the archipelago and during the rest of the year west winds prevail, bringing much rain to the high islands, but lit tle to the low lying coral atolls. The population of Micronesia Is est! mated at 60,000. The natives are a hy brid race drawn - largely from Polyne sian, Mongolian and Papuan sources. The general Micronesian type is a well proportioned but rather-slight built fig ure, small regular features with high forehead and rather prominent cheek bones and Chin, straight dark hair and brown skin. They are divided Into three classes, an upper class of chiefs from among whom the heads of tribes are chosen a middle class, and the common people, most of whom are without prop erty, rights. Included in these general classes are numberless clans and sects ruled by rigid social customs. 'Inhabitants Are Intelligent The upper class show the greatest in telligence ; they are the boat builders, leaders' of expeditions, and to them be longs the ' art of tattooing. Both sexes are adorned with tattooing, the amount depending upon : the social standing of the wearer. 4. The natives of Micronesia are skilled navigators, especially the Marshall Is landers, who make voyages of hundreds of miles In their great canoes, depending upon ; the r.ain for drinking water and guided by charts made of sticks tied to gether representing the positions of the islands and the direction of currents and prevailing winds. Their tools and im plements are made of stone and sea shells. Remains of an ancient civilization are found- on many of the islands of Micro nesia. These consist of massive walls of houses, sea walls, artificial harbors and canals, built of basaltic rock laid without mortar. Many of the stones used In this construction are of immense size and the average weight of those used! in building walls is from three to four tons. Who the builders were no one knows, but that they were far advanced in the arts of civilisation is unquestioned. Germany Buys Marshalls Spanish explorers visited Micronesia In the sixteenth century and . claimed these Island groups as portions of their realm. They were much neglected by Spain, except for a war of extermina tion i on the, natives of the Ladrone islands in the seventeenth century, until the Germans attempted to establish coaling stations in the Carolines In 1885. A dispute between the German and Spanish governments over; the posses sion of the islands was Settled in 1S86 by Pope Leo, who allotted Lad rones and Carolines to Spain and gave the Mar shall islands to Germany. In 1899, fol lowing the purchase of the Philippines byj the United States. Spain ceded the 'Carolines and Jjadrones to Germany for a consiaerauon on 4, 825,000. A glance at the map may show the great strategical value of these groups of Islands in relation to the Philippines, and their' commercial Importance as a gateway to the Far East The chief In terest of the people of the United States In Micronesia, however, is a sentimental pne, based upon the labor and sacrifice of American missionaries who for civilizing influence to the natives of the islands. ! The first missionary i work in Micro nesia was begun under direction of the American board of foreign, missions in 1852. The first party was sent out from Hawaii and consisted of Rev. Luther H. Gulick, M. D. : Rev. Benjamin Snow, Rey. Albert A. Sturgis, Rev. E. W, Clark, together with their wives and two Ha waiian ministers. Rev. Messrs. Opunnl and KsalkaJa. They sailed from Hono lulu and landed at Kusaie on August 21, 1852. ; . - ; ; ' Laboring under many difficulties they gradually extended their operations throughout the - Carolines, Marshalls and Le,drnes, building churches, hospi tals mnd schools. The success of the ef forts of the missionaries to the Microne sian islands is one of the most glowing chapters In the history ot the American foreign mission board..-. - , Germasy Restricts "Workers With the occupation of the Islands by Spain and Germany in 1888 began a de cline In the Influence of the missionaries over the native tribes. The German gov ernment exercised a most rigorous con trol over the islanders, taxing them heavily and requiring: deeds of their lands. American religious teachers were hedged about by many restrictions and their vessels carrying literature and sup plies were required to pay excessive li cense for carrying on their work. The future of Micronesia will be de cided at the peace conference about to convene In ' France. Whether they be given over to a Japanese protectorate, allowed to remain In possession of Ger many or become a. possession of the .United States through purchase is sub ject to speculation. Thousands of Amer icans of middle age will still remember contributions from American churches and Sunday schools for the support - of mission stations and. the good ship "Morning Star" in the work of clvillza tlon among the natives of the Ladronea, Carolines and Marshalls. Their hopes go out for- the. liberation of these islands. Bonds and W. S. S. Stolen New York, Dec 7. (U. P.) Burglars lipped open the safe In the office of the James C. Kuhn manufacturing plant here early today and escaped with 85000 worth of Liberty bonds and War Sav ings Stamps. Speakers; at Labor Council in; Accord ; With tKe President William Short, president of the Wash ington State . Federation . of Labor ; Charles Perry Taylor, secretary of the same organisation.' and Cllve Covert, president of the Tlmberworkers' anion of the Pacific coast, were guests at the Central Labor council Thursday night. Secretary Taylor said President Wil son was the best friend of the working classes in the United States that they ever had in the White House and he was sure that the presence of the presi dent in Europe would benefit the work ing and ' producing masses the world over. All the speakers warmly indorsed the going of President Wilson to the peace table. Chair on Politics of World Founded SBBtBSlBSSJBSSBSSSSBSJSa : London. Dec T. P.) Major David Davie, member of parliament, and his sisters have donated 20,000 pounds (1100,000) to Wales university to found a- professorship of International politics. They announced they hope the chair' will be "associated with the illustrious .name of Wood row Wilson." 10,000 Workers Ordered to Strike a London, Dec 7. (U. P.) One hundred thousand cotton spinners in the Lanca shire district have been ordered to go on strike. Their employers have re fused a 40 per cent wage Increase. 8-Hour j Day Demand Conceded by Britain - London, Dec" 7. (U. P.)-The gov ernment Friday conceded the demands of the railway workers for an eight hour day, which goes into effect February 2. A Good Used Piano Rather Than a Cheap New One Behr Bros, (black case)... SI 35 Beus, mahogany ........ .$210 Valley Gem. oak $185 McPhaO, walnut . $205 Gilbert, like new $255 Rotb & Englehart $225, Hinss. fine tone and action . . $240 Winston, mahogany $267 Hinxe, fin tone and action. .$240 Chickerinxt Baby Grand .... $675 Checkering Parlor Grand... $750 FOLEY&YANDYKE GOOD PIANOS t 151 Fourth St., Near Morrison Commences Tomorrow at 9 A. M. . ; 1 'mm IjrkMltm rifl - " -1 in x 1 1 vw. iji mm vsTa i wiwi r i 11 . ' ' ' A- A, ONE .... - i: 1 1' Largest Retailer d f Shoes West of Chicago At All Baker Stores This Opportunity Will Continue WEEK. OM The Values Are EXTRAORDINARY! C. H. Baker's PURCHASING POWER Is Here Again DEMONSTRATED ! Sn?" Ij r 7 - O; I for M .Y2 VS 53 -rSoft patent leather vamo. black cloth top, turned sole, covered LXV heel Reduced From $7.50 to I I I III L B T 4 ' J 1 , I B1211 Soft black kid Oxford, turned sole, covered LXV heel, Reduced From $6.50 to 400 Produced in a high grade of patent leather, light gray cloth top, welt sole, military heel Reduced From $12.00 to 667- Allover black glaced kid, imitation tip, substantial sole, high military heel - - Reduced From . $7.50 to I,- ' life 149 Pearl gray no-buck turned sole, dressy covered LV heel an exceptional valuti Reduced From $10.00 to 950 Rich dark brown calf skin, "Vvorumbo" cloth top (the finest shoe cloth top) welt sole, leather heel Reduced From $11.00 to 1620 Soft black kid street Oxford, welt sole, leather mili tary heel. Made by H. Gray Sons Reduced From $7.50 to C. H. Baker's Christmas Gift Suggestion 1 Give Baker Merchandise Bonds a delight to the recipient -issued in any sum desired. ' : Los Angeles- -, San Francisco Portland You have but 14 Shopping Days to Christmas. Buy your holiday footwear. at this One Week Sale B682 Soft black allover kid "Military" boot, imitation wing tipf substantial sole, leather military heel - Reduced From $6.50 to s i Christmas This Year i - t emphasizes the need of useful giving, and use , ful giving surely sug gests Baker Shoes and, Slippers. , . it : . ' ' j ' 308Yashragt 380 Vashinst OH St Largest Retailer of Shoes 210 Y ashmffton St on Si West of Chicago 270 Morrison St 1 Baker's Portland Stores open at 9 A. Af., close 6 P. M. dailySaturday 9. A. At. to 8 P. M. Shop early in the day.