The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972, August 13, 1916, Image 37

The Oregon daily journal., August 13, 1916, Page 37, Image 37

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Newspaper Page TextMORNING, AUGUST 13, 1916. GERMANY BUILDS COMMERCIAL ZEPS STEEL HELMETS SAVE MANY LIVES WAR ZONE OBSERVATIONS GERMAN PEOPLE BELIEVE WAR WON COMMANDER RAYNAL IS TREATED WELL BUT ON IHE BASIS OF L Giant Aircraft to Leave for America Just as Soon as War Is Over. WILL ADVERTISE COUNTRY People -of Country Generally Consider They Have Wort Present War Contest, GOVERNMENT IS BACKED THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY GERMANY BUI LDi NG wj GERMANS WANT PEA rein J,"' " STSmiX; uses Fr.. "wmmt'mmA ZEPPELINS COMMERCIAL VICTORS OSE From We w Tori Trip Will Be Con tinued to Mexico and South America. Hy V. Ortoii Tewsoii. London, Aunnsl 1 '' M. N. S.i--That the newest and largest Zeppelins which the Germans are reported ,f1 nr Vu i Id 1 n in siidi not Intended to ho nr purposes, hut rge numbers bic ' used prima ri I y for; ra t he r as an In 1 ! merchant men fop trading Amp rlcans. Is the definite of Alexandre I.lwtntnal, ears consulting engineer with the statement f or some I to fount Zeppelin. Mr. I.lwentaal. who is a Swinn by Urth. hut n nriltsher hy naturaliza tion, has nrkc"l at his profession as en aeronautical nglneer all over Kurope. Hp was with '"omit '.eppelin u rl n ff the most critie-nl pel i"d of Ihe development of I hi- Zeppelin ;it the fimouii Frledrichshn v e;i work I asked him about Zeppelins and Itielr future This is what hp said "Zeppelins arp not primarily hutlt for v.ar. The Zeppelins that have been sent to England wore only intended to deceive the British as to the capabili ties of the more recently constructed all ships "The real Zeppelins aie those of the typo that have lately flown over Lake Coflstance The lire nearly as Ion an the l.usitanla. Tor 'Commercial Purposes. ' "These Zeppelins are built for the following purpose I'ireet'.y peace is signed, or probably tiefore. If the war 1m greatly prolonged, they will depart for the 1'nlted States with dispati lies mails and envoys who will be in leallty cominei cla 1 representatives. An they are constructed to alight on water and are Independent of sheds, they will alight in New York harbor, or similarly sheltered places "After they have landed their pas sengers and mails they will take on petrol and flv at a low altitude over the I'tilted States to Mexico and South America and thus advertise the com mercial prestige of Germany, even If he be defeated ."The latest type of Zeppelin ran. fly from Hamburg to New York In three day, and a regular service will be at enre established Thev will procure petrol as a steamer buys coal at the glares where they alight In America, end whatever t h conditions of the atmosphere may he these giant Zeppe lins can fly 280 days a ypar In safety. It Is not generally known that, even today, ft Zeppelin Is a safer medium of travel than a steamship! Will Be Mall Carriers. "The real aim of the, Zeppelin is to secure the aerial carriage of the world's malls! Kor ears to come they will only carry a few passen gers, who will pay large sums to reach some place ahead of nil other means of communlcal Ion and, of course, envoys and officials " Since my talk with Mr I.lwentaal, the following dispatch luis appeared in a London paper: Zurich "The Thurgauer Zejtung learns from Romanshotn ton Ihe southern side of Lake Constance, pearly opposite Kricdricbsha ven 1 that the giant Zeppelin has been seen from there making Its first trials This latest monster of the air differs some what In shape from previous Zeppe lins. It is .'il'n yards long and weighs shout 20 tons "It is fitted with sevpn very power ful motors and is armed with machine guns, a cannon, and wllh apparatus for launching bombs and torpedoes. The machine Is capable of rising ,to a height of 15.000 feet, at which height It la believed it will be Immune from danger from ant i-alrcrafl guns. It can travel a great distance. This monster Zeppelin has taken about eight months to build." Submarine Service Too. 'From my own knowledge." tinned Mr. Mwrntaal. "I believe con -it to be correct that Germany is organizing. If she has not done so already, a service of submarines for mail-carrying" purposes to the fnited States of America. "There are no great engineering dif ficulties In constructing boats of this aescrlptlon to cross the Atlantic. "In the early nineties I was asso ciated with Sir Hiram Maxim in his f lying-machine experiments In Kent. I was the first man to fly In England in an aeroplane driven hy a petrol motor, as far back; as IR94, when I was badly Injured. In 1898, my ex periments In constructing gas-tight fabrics for balloons at the Geneva and Brussels' expositions of the previous years came under the notice of Mr. Necker, the cousin of Count Zeppelin. He Informed the count of the results. Zeppelin at once wired for me to Join him at Fiiedrichshaven works on Lake Constance, where he appointed me consulting enginecer and chief of the department of the aeronautical section of dirigibles. An invention of mine, a gas-proof fabric, enabled Zep pelin to take his first flight in July. 1900. U met with scant success through lack of motive power. At that time the development of Internal combustion engine was insufficient." Huge Sum Given for War Orphans' Home Slch Philanthropist OlT.es City of Aog-SDurg- $500,000 Town Will Ap propriate 1250,000 In Addition. Munich. Aug. 18. (I. N. S.1 A rich philanthropist who does not want his name "fhentloned until after his death has donated two millions of marks ($500,000) to the city of Augsburg. One quarter of this large gift la to be used for the erection of an asylum for war orphans and the balance will he 'set aside for the maintenance of the institution. The common council at its laot meeting decided to erect the necessary buildings at the expense of the city and to raise 1250. ooo more for the maintenance fund by public sub scription The asylum will be one of the largest of Its kind In Oermany, but nobody Is to know the name of the founder until he Is dead and burled. : wMWfl W-fW-'-ww liT?x Vao Mnf A i-ptS' fSS&Zf mm?- 4 w& A An official photPjfMph showing the Royal Fusiliers resting- after the fctorminp of La Boiselle. Present Offensive Not Costly in Lives Allies Are Saving Man By Protecting Them Effectually by Curtain of Artillery Tire. Paris. Aug 11' ( I N. SI One of the most striking features of the present offensive, differentiating it agreeably from Its forerunners, is the relatively slight cost at which bril liant successes have been obtained. Thus one French army rorps "engaged in a fight lasting four days lost only 'fcnn men The two regiments which took Flauc-ourt did it without loss. In the first line assault in which the village of Pompierre was the central point the company which suffered most, lost 22 men, 1 fi of whom were wounded In the other companies the losses varied from eight to 14. The whole division only had f.30 casual t ips. These results are due to the scorch ing and annihilating fire of the allies' artillery and the efficient screen it raised ahead of the advancing infan try. So methodical Is the combined effort of the two arms that the in fantry Is escorted by pillar fire. Prisoners are still trooping into the collecting stations dazed and demoral ised. Those taken at Estrees are this and next year s men. or rather boys, from Rhenish Prussia. They were in corporated in May and sent to the front after 6even weeks' training and stiffened by remnants Of a division which had been cut up at Verdun. Germans Knew All Details of Big Push Too Much Talk by Persons High in Authority Amontj Allies Forewarned Teutons As to Details. licinrlnn August J J. if. P.) Too much talk by persons In high places who fairly Itch to tell the latest is advanced today as the i eason the (Jermc.ns knew to the minute when the allies big push was going to start. Armed with either a premonition of a tip "straight from the stable." the Herman machine gun crews began grinding the cranks of their rapid firers while the intense bombardment was still on. Military persons attri bute the bulk of the British losses to Just this fire. The result is keenest criticism of 'higher-ups'' with "flannel-mouthed propensities." Observers at the front report that the Germans seemed to know exactly when to expect the Infantry rush. The snap of machine runs sounded sharp ly through the bellow of the big guns, and when the men got the order to leave their places and charge, they ran into a spray of lead, dropping by scores "I never remember a secret so wiJe ly shared," said on correspondent who was In the battle "Not only every man, voman and child in the country, but, as von-Bethmann-Holweg vould say. every dog and iot has seemed to be going about for the last fortnight, murmuring 'Albert.' The Sottime as the scene of the next push was on every lip.'' STEEL HELMETS SAVE LIVES OF MANY OF ENGLISH Numerous Casualties Averted Because Some Frenchman Resurrected Old Headgear, london. Aug. 12. cl". P.) Fame awaits the man who resurrected the steel helmet. He's saved thousands of lives. The great Anglo-French offensive on the western Iront has served to confirm all that has been hinted about the ugly Inverted soup hpw headgear. In almost every London hospital to day are men who wore thpm in the big push men who wo-iUn't be there if I hey hadn't It Is safe to say that thousands of Hritish lives have been saved by the r.teel helmet during the Inst few weeks. Consequently thousaids of slightly wounded men in London hos pitals already are looking forward to the day when they'll return to the front. n officer of the royal Irish rifles, formerly a London journalist. Is thanking his helmet for the fact that he is merely a light casualty instead of a dead one. A bullet struck the steel hat at the band In front, ploughed a furrow along the slope and bent the visor over one eye. A few badly bruised facial muscles was the only ill effect. An officer of the royal Scots, hy virtue of his helmet and a strong frontal bone, completely stopped an enen y bullet. Just before tils bat talion left the trenches he peered over the parapet, A bullet struck the in verted rim of the helmet and thumped against the officer's fore head. It made a nasty bruise. A fellow officer nearby tested his hel met with shrapnel. A Jagged piece of steel ricochetted of one side and tore half the band off in the operation. Otherwise it would have been his head. An officer of the Lincoln regiment in a tig; London hospital todav swears that he felt and heard machine gun bullets raining off his metal hat. One came a little low and clipped his cheek bone, so he hid to come back to Londtn for repairs. A lieutenant of an East Lancashire battalion had his helmet literally shot off his head. "Two German pills must have hit in the same place," he said, "because one came through and burrowed along my acalp " This officer, like hunlreds o' his colleagues of the steel hatted army win he back In the war sme within a month thanks to the Frenchman who months ago studied pictures of an cient warfare and was Impressed with headgear of sixteenth century warriors. Steel hats press trie head, are hot and have to be fastened under the chin with a leather strap. The Brit ishers Just now thore who know, are thanking their many lucky stars for having undergone the inconvenfence. SOLDIERS German Prisoner Says But the Somme Is Correspondent Tells of Difficulties Being Taken T.ondon. Aup. 13. (I. N. S.W'I had made up my mlnJ." writes a corres pondent at the British front, "to in terview some of the numerous Ger man prisoners taken by the British and. If possible, to make them speak, but from the very start I met with great difficulties, for the cars in whi -h they v.ere going to he sent to I be coast, previous to going to Eng land, had been hidden away In a per fect maze of freight cars In the yards of the station nf and were well guarded by several cordons of sturdy Canadian soldiers. "Thanks to my special permit. 1 was gradually allowed to pass ; through, but several timps 1 nearly ; lost my way among veritable moun . tains of boxes of rations and ammuni tion. I noticed also a .treat number , of strange mechanical c ontrivances which I shall not try to describe. ; "At last, having given up all hope cf finding my way unaided, I ap proached a little Canadian officer jvlth a brick-red face and asked him to direct me to the German prisoners who had been taken the day before. Reply Was Unexpected, i "The reply was not quite w-hat I .expected. In spite of the passports : and permits I showed him (one was , even signed by the army commander ' himself) he innisted that he alone was ! the boss of this particular station and that nobody had any right to permit i anyone to pass through. Having de livered himself of this verdict he politely, but firmlyt asked me to get out of there. " was about to turn back the way I had tome when he raised his arm ud pointing his finger in the opposite direction, he said, with a sly smile: "You go out that way.' "1 did as I waa told, and after walk ing ahead for about 15 minu'tes more I suddenly found myself facing two tars surrounded by smiling, chatting" Tommies in full marching order and , evidently awaiting the moment when , they were to be sent to the fron Walking closer 1 saw that they were all loo'..ing at a squad of forlorn look '. ir.g individuals, numbering, perhaps. '. half a hundred, who were lying on the ground, and whom 1 first took to be : wounded men. until I noticed that they were wearing the field-grey uni , forms of the Germans. Three or four of them who were) a little better i Cresse.i than the rest turned out to be officers. These were standing up and ' kept aloof from their man. German Was Silenced, i "I then understood the mile with which the little Canadian officer had ordered me to get out this way. He i had actualy shown me the way to the ' prisoners I had come to see. After elbowing my way through the crowd of Tommies, I went up to a group of I three German non-commissioned offi I cers f.nd asked one of them in his i native language: 'I suppose you feel j quite happy to bl out of it?" I "The man was about to answer me when he was hit by a stone full in the breast. He looked In the direction from which the missile had come er.d Many of the men are fitting on helmets which were left on the battlefield Verdun Is Awful, Indescribably Worse Met in Trying to Find Teutons to England. found one of fhe officers star ing at him with a fixed frown. He immediately bowed his head and did not say a word. One of the Tom mies told me tnat the prisoners al ways behave In this manner whenever there are any of their officers near "I w?nt around to the other side of the cars in the hope of finding prisoners who were not so closely watched. Hero a different sight met my eyes three Tommies had male a human chain to a well close tiy and were dispensing water from their can teens to three or four utterly ex hausted Germans who. lyin on th ground, were drinking eagerly. Worse Than Verdun. "A gigantic Australian who looked very picturesque in his big campaign hat with the emu feathers told me that these men had been six metres underground for four days without a drop of water to drink and for three days without food. The men looked smilingly Into our faces as I was lis tening to this tale and I thought the moment had come to interview one of them. " 'Are you glad to be prisoners?' I asked. "One of them, a man with rather intelligent and refined features re plied without a moment's hesitation, in a voice that trembled with feeling: Tt was dreadful. I had been at Verdun for a month, when they sent me here. It was even worse here. We cannot stand it any longer. It Is be yond human endurance ." "He hid his face In his hands and breaking down completely, sobbed like a child, while his comrades getting on their feet placed themselves around him that the officers should not catch sight Of him in his moment of w eakness." Museum Station Is j Shelled, Berlin Says ! Dispatch Asserts Two Crullers Ap- peaxed Wear Smyrna and Opened Plre Director and Assistants Escape. i Berlin. Aug. 12. (T. N. S. ) The I Turkish war department reports that jthe station of Berlin museums rear ! Smyrna has been destroyed by Brit i Ish warships. The station was erected several j years ago near the ruins of tht I Apollo temple at Didyma. opposite the i Island of Samos, for the collection of i ancient Greek" art treasures and relics, ! as extensive excavations had been started in the district under the direc tion of German scientists. Recently two English cruisers ap peared off the coast and began shell ing the building, which soon was mass of ruins.- The director and his assistants barely escaped with their I lives and were only able to save a few looks and diaries. All of the antkjui J,t!es gathered by them during the last two years are lost. GERMANS ACCORDING BEST OF TREATMENT TO CAPTURED OFFICER Commander of Vaux Retains Little Dog and Ordnance Officer; Permitted to Write Paris, Aug 12 ( 1". P ) Com mander Raynal, who held out at Fort Vaux for over two months against the assaults of the Germans in their rlgantic attack at Verdun, has been allowed to carry Into captivity with him the little dog that was his con stant companion throughout the fight. In addition to the dog. the Germans also have granted Raynal the services of his ordnance officer who, he de clare.". Is a real Parisian dandy, and whose companionship he states helps to liven up considerably his prisoner life in Germany. Since Raynal's surrender of Vaux to the Germans after making a resist ance duriag which the fort, in the last 4S hours it was held was cut off by the German artillery from all om munlcation with the French in the rear, Raynal has been permitted to write two letters from Germany to his wife in Paris. In the first letter he apprised her that it was the Germans themselves who conveyed to him the first news that he had been promoted to the rank of a commander of the legion of honor for his heroic- resist ance at Vaux. His second letter was written from Mayence where he had Just arrived by automobile, accompanird by his little dog, his Parisian ordnance of ficer and the- German captain, who is charged with his custody. "We arrived at Mayence at l':30 in the evening, or rather S:30. for the German yloek is now two hours ahead of ours at Paris." he wrote. "I was at once installed In a huge barracks, where shortly afterward the crown prince himself came to see me and nave me a sword. He also gave me a c c.jcy of the c ongratulations which General .loffrtT had sent out to me by wireless and also the congratulations to the garrison. "The enemy Las observed most loy ally the conditions vhlch I Imposed ar.d which they accepted at the mo ment of surrender. Of course I never will be able to forget my misfortune, but their fulfillment of the terms Jt surrender constitute for me a great com lort." Many Mines Plekerl I' p. Hague, Aug. 13 (I. N. S.) The Dutch ministry of marine reports that from June 15 to July IS, 32 large mines have been picked up on the i oasts of Holland. Seventeen of the mines were English, 11. German and four of unknown origin. The shrub from which the French manufacture the perfume known as casste has been found growing abun dantly in the Philippine. by the fierman soldiers. Germany Is Now Raising Silk Worms Weavers Academy Has Started Ex periment On Z.arg Scale By Several Million Ergs Imported. Berlin. Aug 12 (I. N. S ) -One of the many new- Industries that have been brought Into existenep in Ger many through the Hritish blockade is the raising of silk worm To obtain the raw sill; which is indispensable lor certain industrial purposes the Weavers' Academy of Crefold has started experiments cm a large scale. Several millions of worms were brought and results alrencjv i-CKS ccf silk from Hungary ne highly satis- fact ory . The greatest di'fhulty was found In the fact that Germany does not I have mi-lberrv I l ef w enough but this drawback has been over come- by scren tists In 'bari.-e of the experiments. It wa a . i t a i n -d that Ihe worms thrive well on Hie leaves of certain other trris whi. b .in- plentiful throughout the eniic-e In a statement lowl tsue, the Weavers' A' ademy c laims that wtthm five vears Gertmihv will be aide to produ-e all the- raw ilk needed This will of course, mc-an IndepcndeiM and fi millions of dollars greater Industrial s.iving of many Use of Alcohol Is Increasing in Russia Over Six Times As Much Sold During First Half This Tear An Same Period Xaat Tear. Petrograd, Aug. 12. fj. N. S) The "Bourse Gazette" complains that the consumption of alcohol is again Increasing alarmingly throughout Russia, In spite of the restrictive measures taken by the government. To prove its assertion the paper pub lishes statistics obtained from t he ministry of the Interior which show that during the first live months of the presekil year. T,fi;9.708 gallons of alcohol were sold. against l,3fc.2l gallons in the corresponding perJod of the last year. The number of illicit distilleries, ac cording to information given by the minister of finance, is seven times larger than a year ago. From Janu ary to May 31. over 4'J00 perrons were arrested for secretly manufacturing and selling alcohol. Germans Relying on Fruit From Balkans Italian Newspapers "Urging Govern ment to prohibit Exportation to Switzerland Trad Ens Increased. Rome, Aug. 12.(1. SJ 8.) Infor mation received from a Swiss nnurce states that the Germans are relying greatly, for the maintenance of their food supply, upon fruit Imported from the Balkans and neutral and enem) countries. Italian newspapers are urging the government to prohibit the exportation of fruit to Switzerland, rh this trade has increased by 100 per cent. Evan Socialists Have Confidence la Present Chancellor Teutons Have Their Joe Cannons. Hy ("nrl V. Ackerman. Berlin. Aug 1 .' - V P An American dipiomut le.ently declared j the greatest mls;alce in the war Is the use of Ihe term ".Militarism.'' 'No one." tie said, "will ever agree on what it means and It is poipc to be diffi cult to end Ihe .u- because of that." The spirit of the (Jerman people during the last ear c annul be shown withom clisi iissiiip "'lerman Mllltsr- sm. ' In o ;tliniiig the people s alti tude toward the war. the kaiser and Ihe government, militarism will not he Justified or criticised R'fr i de velopments in liermanv will be dis cussed In their relation to what J generally termed (ic rmany s military arty Al thp beginning of the war thers was great enthuslaFm throughout Ger many More than a million men vol unteered to fight. During the first year they fought hard, died or were wounded The people at home began to economlz-e. This spirit carried the armies far into France and Russia. inning the ond year this enthu siasm has not bc-eti so groat, hut the determination of the people has not abated They want peace at once, If they can obtain reasonable terms of peace. If J hcv had to vote to go oil until they can get i bejie terms or to stop an I in cpt ihe terms of the eneinv. they sho Id vote to jin on. Believes War Is Won. (ietmanv v an' .c;n e tce.au ;e lier inany believes se- has won the war. Theie nie critics and grumblers dis satisfied with everything. Kverv hel ligeient has about as many as the other. T he clifteien.e is hut in Kns land thev grumble publiMv. In Ger many thev cannot, and when people cannot critiicp pnhli. '.v, they do ll tvvbe as haiU pilv;ciel. The people are fid i vidua 1 1 y person ally interested in the war because ever y prison Iihs much- relative at the i front The IcM indication of the publjc t-i.ppoit of ihe war is Ihe vote of the reh-hRinc in .lime of the new i war c reilil of two billion marks. There v.an lesn opposition to II than to the one before The Socialists nup ported It for the fourth time and So clallst memhers of I lie icichstag ars in hourly touch with public sentiment. Philip Si h ei ile ma n, a Socialist lead er l.i one of the best Informed men In ''icrmiiny on public- sentiment. Schlde miinn is In corrtani communication with the impel ial chanc ellor. The chancellor m received more often hy Cie karsir than liny other of the mln iMei.s Sc b Icleiiui lire and Ihe han c Pllor are the connecting links be tween ltie Kaiser arm r lie people. li Sc heidemanii and Ins followers did not have confidence in the chancellor and In the kal.-er theie would be mors evidence of It In the relcbstag. The I'.alaer trur.ts tho chance) lor's judg- merit, absolutely the chancellors public- Irusis Ho Sc hi-idcmann t rusts, luitrmeiil Mild the See ia 1 1st leader. Public Has Confidence. So the public- still has lonflclence In the nlms 'cf the government as hn nounc ed b von liet h mann-Hofl weg In the l eic list sg The people themselves deny that they ate in 1 1 i t a r Hit ic They believe their army is then police force, thor oughly equipped and prepared for de fense. To the people, this Is a defen sive var They are not fighting to bold P.elglum, Poland or Kervla. They are against annexation. If the. war lasts longer and they are further vic torious, thpy may i hangs, but there Is no indication of it now Whatever happens a great deal will depend upon (ho attitude of thp press The -Germans know there has been a strong military party- arid they know tills party is today politically weaker than it evpr has liceii At the beginning of the war there were three public leaders of Jhe group of politicians '.illefl m America, "Imperialists ' The Republican party in America, for Instane e. has been known as Ihe Imperialistic party. Ger many had a Republl'-an party. The "Undo Joe Cannon" of this party Was von Ifeydebrsnd, a conservative, an nexationist member of the rel'hstag. The "ltl; Navy Man" was Grand Ad miral von Tirpltz The "Hlg Army men" were General von Moltks and General von Ib-rntiardl. ' Heydebrand now has practically no influence outside his party and the other patties in the relchstag outvote his party nearly two to one. Tlrplts has resigned and been succeeded by s friend of the chancellor. Moltke no lonk'er is chief o' staff. He has been succeeded by a man who Is one of the kaiser's best ftiinds and a man who flcrini: the crisis with America worked for an a e! j u : t men I to avoid a break. Mernhareli. piaeti'aly unknown to Ihe (Jerman public, has been commander in' an army in Posen alrice the begln liinc of the war. lie has no influence in the government Have Their Standpatters. What has happened has been writ ten on the pages of the press every day d iririg the last year of the war. out against trouble I The chancellor lias won the "R " 'die atis." and lets." the ani.i mi t conisl s, makers, the lire eaters and all the other brands of politicians in this class in German--, where they are present just as they are in every Other (ci ii t ry in the w orld. That Is the reason the pjrt of the German people as a whole Is good. The people thust the chancellor. The kaiser trusts von F!et hmunn-Hollweg's jUdKinent. The reichstag respects von I'.e-thnnir.ri-I loll weg's statements and Ideas, and i ; the war la-sts an other ,wnr from present Indications It will strengthen the position of the 'hancelloi and every move In that direction is move towards a freer .Jermeny bc.ntse the chancellor and Kaiser re both pledged to franchise reform-- in Germany after the war. the ieii thlnss the old l(lers of the do-'-all' ej "M 1 1 ' i party"' have been flf.ht.1i4 ua;ni,t for the last ClY years.