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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (March 20, 1916)
THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, MONDAY. ' MARCH ; 20, 1916. THE JOURNAL ? A - l.f OEIE?ftENT rJarWSPAPXR. - - C. M. JACKSON .PobLMbe , (evrefif Riindav afternoon) at Tin Journal Illdiu. Broadway aad Yamhill sts.. Fort. - MIW, TFT. ; - ' ; ikuered at tbe postotftoe at Portland. Or., tor trassmfcutioa tbrooKB. the mails as acoMt 1 ' class matter. .-- -, .- -- TELRf HOKES Mala 7173: Home, t -; departments reached oy these number. TU ' that operator what deirtient yon want. - " JOItBIOS ADVERTISING BEFUE8ENTATIVB tUn 1 r f . A tv tfln . Itrtm a wina- ... tt rift Av New xork: 1218 Peoelc'i drees In th Talted States or Mexico: M JJAU.X-tUBJWNO OB AFTEBNUUN) On TT. ....... I2.riO I On ttwmtfe. .23 ntr.. . . . . .$7.50 I On month . ... . .$ .65 lT.i T T T T t iT lr i America aka nothing tor herself bat what aha ha a rigbt to aak (or humanity itself. WO0DB0W WILSON. Miltfoos , for defense, hot not a cent for tribute. CHARLES C. PtXCKNBT. -8 Good law mike it easier to do right and border to do wrong. OUdatooa. - BUSY AS BEES - "W 1 I II 1 I iR. I j IMllIItl'IHID. Bra miR lr as bees. They am framlnf ri. m un ma Mtiitnoman ipip?a- - tlon for the lesrislatnre. ' tmt Know mm mi ennraan rtnii. tics practically controls tho legis- f. a mi a i .. vni vi aa jj nuwn lkw wa .f n uj -they want to control the leerlsla- - 1 afk S IA Qt me legislature exercises tne tax inc nower over an inA nmnorrv in V IIVI?An Tf i a o tramonlAna a is- i thorlty to be able to vote taxes VftWUt A VAA BUVU Cfc UVnOl 1 LA LUC fienu h i ii rrfaii 1 1 1 1 h i nur wni a rrt nr i. Intone n ytx AAtivalv hn)r1.rlAlr(iiir raembershiD of the body, worker 4 storekeeper;, proporty owners and ' othera who hnva tho hfll tr fnn are DaTlnc not the slightest at- 1: lnttfi n i. 11 J - t . mat is exactly why Icglslaturoa -: are debauched. That In t.h main reason why taxes are hlch. Tho iimuiorenra, ine taca or inieresT the don't-care tuood of the people f-- .a AW t t j. . . ; i a um'j ween aierinesi enouia oa r the watchword Is the main reason ine state aDDronriations are not tre run measure of .what the leg- islature does to make taxes high. II IS tne lawn whlrh loci 1ntroc courts and comnoi them to nbv oiit Tireai. sums on one account and an- ;iftthH lnwu thflt fir th nnmK . laws tnat cover every variety of . ArnDnnlriiMA h n VaI w W a ? - a v uuu aaa a vi biauu lucio n. i a COOd men who would en RfllAm i l irith no axe to grind no jokers to pass, no crooked deals to Hn - TnmntT'n air r nA nn k i i DiSht. . men 10 run. a suiiicient number j -.t v i j i ... . vi ciu nuuiu uecuinn canaiuates - . . n euuugu guuu peopia wouia re- t: flnest them to da sn :': Rut ' tila rtrfA f.AA.1A ( i. ? dosing the hours away , while the , wirepuller is iraming op a leglBia- ina Drorrram to majca morn m , to pay. Since recruiting among warlike mine .owners and valiant editors is so resultless. why not inaugurate conscription for a swivel chair brigade? . . MR. HUGHES HALO .T APPEARS from current art- counts that when Mr. Hughes sat down on the supreme bench he put on a halo and became -. m-avij yertiuaaKe. it is not Hiow.t : uik m """ai cam lnciHaea a i tn vi. iYBHjKcuaauiy ana ooeai- nce. but the belief Anma tn. - vail that he changed in some mys- lenoua iaaaion irom a man tn a monk. He lost the commn, of the citUea to take part in nub- t lie life. , - te . evncuaiea mmseil of every '" , " -A-S ... . 1 opinion ne mignt nave had on ak wAaaii a I -ew aaa4Ma.3 AW a -cf arista "man -could with -snen a .. , growth of beard, transformed him- seii irom a tiuman Demg to a dis embodied spirit. We must think ? - 61 Mr. Hughes : and his fellow 'S- e m ? ' - "' . . a, " judges as angels rather than men. ' :.sarsA. - ' aV . - m.--. 1L A i nwr . it am. v h - liu mnii uiptti uai w-asi av '.i salt Afs-t1v ro ffflfnm TIiaI.- "-- VtfMt1fsaTw StttSl -.iallraafi ArtTi ("lrWWw a4Iaa J' 1AU kUWl AAA M 9 WfyWlUQ f m - maculate,' r -. - . . t - - A. a. k m. . . - . ... . minr in id rsrwnunr iDir mirn a couucian a juage iz it nas ' an f ago hewasjUsteIikethe Test of ' i-iBL a": niftr irtan-! nnlflah . 1nnr1?. :vinsi-aTedr .and full of oreindicea. He twaliows the Tualciai oath , and ij Is a saint, doubly refined and thrice . filtered. He knows everything, hJs ' judgment, is incapahle Of error; he - . . . . . . . . . . . , - iowAo -loxB wim jsapernaiTr nun a3 T from an immense height upon the passions of mankind. -;a This adulation of Mr. Hughes Is nonsense. We suspect that it has been sedulously -propagated by peo ple , who -would . prefer ;that Mr. Hughes should not be a candidate They know perfectly . jweli that Judges are, made of the same cla7 as v congtessmenlT n d presidents. They haye the same prejudices, fal libilities and ignorance as the rest of os. Setting tbem np on a ped estal .and,, bowing down beforja tbem !n hypocritical adoration does not alter them an atom. They are the same miserable sinnern as be fore. ' "4. -V. - Mr. Hughes has the sane right to run for president as any other eltizen of the United States! Be ing a Judge does not make him a monk or a eunuch. It does not deprive him of Us mental faculties or his human prerogative. The supreme court is .no more "sacred" than any other branch of 'the gov ernment and the judges have the same rights and duties as other men. 7 We may not have an automobile but we have to pay for the increase in the cost of gasoline just the same. It Is added to everything we buy. THE FIGHT IS ON T HE v sums that the land grant counties would get for roads under the Chamberlain bill through disposal of the grant lands are set forth in today's Jour nal. The sums that would be re ceived every "year by each county in' the state for schools under the Chamberlain bill were stated in yesterday's Journal. The benefits that would go to the grant land counties for roads would be incomparable. In some of the counties there would never again be need of levying taxes for roads. Thus, In Douglas a great road fund of $5,234,134 would be created, it would be a suin which, well invested,' would create a per manent road fund sufficient in time to traverse the county with a network of turnpikes. It is a curious fact that the Roseburg trade body took action not favor able to the Chamberlain bill. Lane county's share for roads under the Chamberlain bill would be $2,542,263, Jackson's $3,748. 755, Josephine's $1,421,136, and Linn's $525,805. The other grant land counties would receive sums in proportion to the area of grant lands within their borders. The highways that could be built without resort to public taxation would make the Willamette valley the home of good roads. It would almost change the character of farm life by making travel easy and markets accessible. A great fight is now in prog ress at Washington over whether the Chamberlain bill shall pass without change or whether it shall pass with the schools . and roads allowance cut In half,1 or whether It shall not pass at all. What are the grant land coun ties going to do about It? The reported death' of Enver Pasha seems to have been an ex aggeration. JOYFUL NEWS T HE literary world will learn with joy that the everlasting Shakespeare-Bacon contro versy is at last to bo decided for good and all. It has tone into court and a Chicago judge has given It regular standing by the usual method of injunction. We shall therefore all know, when the case is ended, who wrote the plays and poems. We shall know, that is to say, if the trial ends while any of un are alive. But In, any case the people of the 'next cen tury or the one following will get the news and that sweet thought should console us. All lawsuits end, sometime. ; This interesting suit was started by the moving picture man, Wil liam N. Sellg, who tolls the court that he has a good deal of money Invested In Shakespeare's reputa tion and cannot afford to see it Injured by the Bacon fanatics. The particular fanatlo- who is troubling Mr. Selig just now is Colonel George Fabyan, a millionaire who Lcs employed a corps o workers for years to look Into Bacon's claims and demonstrate Shakes- "peare's alslty. If we may believe Mr. : Selig, they have done wonders, ; He -begs the court to forbid the publication of Fabyan'a proposed book on the ground that if it appears "It will Irreparably damage Shakespeare's fame."" It can not damage his fame unless it really prove him to have been an Impostor, as many persons have long suspected he was. If the Fabyan - discoveries amount to no more than those of Delia Bacon, Ignatius Donnelly, and so forth, we do not lmaeine that Shakespeare's fame is likely to suuer a great aeai when; the book is published. -..'"? Of course it will be published In the course of time. -No court can prevent literary truth from coming to light, v , no - matter how much money the moving i picture men may have invested in literary false hood. ; It' seems odd, in fact, that any court should have taken up the controversy ;; The . Judges r are always complaining about being overworked and yet "they seem to find time for a good many foolish adventures. -' Literary controversies must; bo decided by literary men. not by; lawsuits, if. they are , 4e- elded at 'all." Nobody "will care an aVni ' what . the J court decrees-r in such a case. V The vote oi the citr council for a- joint meeting with the Service commission to provide for a proper application of civil serv&e is a sign of progress. , . . ; 4 SUGGESTIONS TO THE lOOB HE following remarks are not addressed to persons of great wealth. They flow from our typewriter out ' of pure, ben evolence to - the man of - modest means. We Intend to give him some timely suggestions -, about buying i an automobile. It Is assumed, to start with, that he already owns a cheap machine. ; He has owned it for a year or two, long enough to let the sting of envy sink Into his soul watching and wishing for a. dearer one. His cheap" machine now rattles dismally as he urges, or pushes, it painfully over the road. It has no starter. It has no electric lights. Time was when men were thank ful for the privilege of 'starting their machine with the crank. But those days of primitive simplicity are long , since gone never to re turn. The crank is now despised when It Is not feared. -Suppose we could marshal In dread array all the innocent people whose arms have been broken, wrist3 fractured and souls lost by cranking auto mobiles? Suppose ' we could go through the lunatic asylums of this great land and count the countless wretches whose intellects have been shattered by the same cause? Most automobiles are -cheaper than they were of yore. It 's : feasible now to buy a good one for what a makeshift cost ten years ago, or even five. The makers seem to vie in putting out the best for the least money. Still "the least money" Is a good deal when it comes to buying an automobile. The question is how to raise the sum required to buy the machine you want, the best model on the market with all those fine points of superiority to the rest. You know what the points are. They are not the same for any two men. As to raising the money we have a suggestion to offer. It seems unjust that the weak and. - , , , irom roreign countries. There are to his own resources in this im-;flv, branch buUun&, ' well stocked portant matter. It is conceded, weiwUh books and 13 eubbrancne,, xha Deiieve. tnat tne automobile is a ucooai; " D """!waa 1,385.964, according to a recently so than farms. Many of us live pubii8ne(, clty directory. Its clrcu quite comfortably without farms, letlnff librarIe9 throughout the' county but who would think of trying to Lxtend It, privileges and benefits to survive without an automobile? j aU PUrM Btric a feature greatly And since it is admitted that the ; .-.,..,, hv tho.inri of .turier.. state ought to lend money cheaply IV - Ash Ulvt S7 A V luiwaviiUH ) land, we contend that It is unrea sonable fox the state to refuse to lend cheap money to Its citizens to buy automobiles. Our proposition Is, therefore, that the state Issue bonds, not great' many, say forty, millions or such a matter to begin with, and lend the proceeds to worthy but impoverished persons desiring to purchase automobiles. " The rea sons for this action are countless. We shall' content ourselves with mentioning one. Think what an impetus such a move would give to immigration. Who could' resist the temptation to sell out and come to a state where the kindly publlo would thus provide for the great, fundamental necessity of modern life? We predict that Oregon would swarm with a popu lation of twenty millions within two years after the automobile loan law was passed. It would be far better to -send no senator from Portland to the legislature than to send six scrubs. PORTLAND PHONE RATES HE JOURNAL had occasion a few days ago to comment on t'ne earnings of the Portland Gas and Coke Company and state that the charges paid for services rendered by many of our public service corporations were largely a people's tribute tb ab sentee holders of stocks and bonds that were badly over watered. The telephone situation in this city furnishes a splendid example of a people's need being exploited to fill the purses of the big Inter ests. We are not - only obliged to pay the Pacific Telephone and Tel egraph Company a far greater rate than is charged for a like service rendered Che citizens of such cities as Albany, N. Y., Atlanta, Ga., De troit and Grand Rapids, Mich., and Loa Aneoles. California, but bear Uhe additional burden of a double phone jyatem the cost of which Is staggering when" compared with the cost of phone service in many other cities If the difference .between tbe tost of the Bell ' and the Home phones alcne could, be saved it would mean hundreds of thousands of dollars annually to the residents of the 'city, vltvaa is proposed, we Should: secure interchange of ser vice between the two systems we may see these .' burdens" somewhat rarlncerL. Brit there aro many who believe thai the: ultimate solution of the, telephone, problem As through the municipal ownership , of one tif the plants and . the extension of Its service and a reduction of rates to a point in; keeping with the cost thereof. v -.i .. , -: l.---&jrBF '' '.:- ? Use ef grant land surplus for good ' roads is a better. 'plan ; than selling bonds . to Solid good road. : :J '-' 11 . . i .. t " The jrecruitlng' office at : Third and-:OaS,N;PorUand. has:been -noti- j fled that "25,000 men are : needed ; Immediately for the ' army, Here lis the chance - for s the 7 military , journal lata to practice what they preach. . Make It forty-forty. Congressman Sinnott. or fight. T NOTHING THE MATTER WITH PORTLAND Eliln to Jietfht from which mar t ' vtyed not industrial Portland merely, bat all the reaolts f tbe induetry. the financiering, the encineerlna', the philanthropy. the culture Ddall other foreea that have made tbe Port land of today. The Jourunl preeents, as No. 82 of It "NotMnf the Matter With Portland" aerie, a review of a eomnilation that nw. fut th lateet word the expert statistician story of mighty performance and of bound less yet certain promise. IP ' TOTJ were born, 7i years gro. you cam Into t the world before there was a house in Portland. If you are S 6 years old now. there were 2874 souls in this city when you first aaw the Hsrht of day. If you were a pedestrian, walking 20 miles a day. It would require S8 daya for you to cover the 772 'miles of Portland's improved streets. , If these streets, were a continuous north and south thoroughfare, they would 'form a line one mile greater than the distance from Portland to San Francisco, and would be 84 miles longer than the railroad route be tween St. Louis and Niagara Falls. The 557 miles of Portland sewers are long 'enough to stretch from tho Chicago city hall to the council cham ber in Pittsburg, with - 68 miles to spare to carry of the horrors of po litical nightmares. They are within 30 miles of as long as from Chicago to Rochester. N. Y., 35 miles shorter than from Cleveland to St. Louis, 10 " ?ftd "'l' 19 m"!9 l0Ber than rrom .Portland to Ltbby. Mont- 4S miles longer than rrom Omaha to Chicago, and their length la exactly that of the distance from St. Louis to Bothwel. Ont. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. There are 67 publlo and 31 private schools In the city. There are 213 churches with church buildings, val ued at $3,150,000, and a great number of missions and church organisations holding services in leased buildings and rooms. There Is one 'great, magnificent cen tral library building containing 230,. 000 books and In addition newspapers and magazines representing all lm portant cities of the nation, and many clrcui&tlon of Horary volumes in 1913 Ln4 book l0 More thftn ha,f hundred civic, development and relig ious organizations take advantage of commodious halls which are free to all such gatherings. A CITX" OF WEALTH. There are eight national banks and 17 state banks in Portland, with de posits on January 1 of $72,577,031. Eft, and the clearings of these institutions in 1915 were $554,446,754. They are strong, ronservatlve financial bul warks, known for their solidity in all parts of the United States. There is no richer city in the country. There are private fortunes running Into mil lions, and many exceedingly well-to-do citizens. Great numbers are home owners, and if the "buy home prod ucts" spirit could be Inculcated Into the minds of the people factory pay rolls would be enormously increased. The assessed valuation of the city's taxable property in-1915 was 3303, 006,010. NOT LARGE IN AREA, Compared, to the average western city, with Its population of 280,000, Portland is not large In area. It cov ers but 66.36 square miles. It Is com pactly built. It is a , oity of high grade sociability. It has 215ft miles of electrio street railway within Its five-cent fare limits, operated by a single corporation, and lnterurban trains of four others reach out dis tances of from 35 to 125 miles through well settled farming and fruit grow ing communities. It has about 25 miles of river frontage, and the only fresh water harbor on the "Pacific coast. A great advantage of this la that fresh water clears the barnacles from the bottoms of ocean x sailing vessels, making It ' unnecessary to dock, at considerable-expense, In many cases. LUMBER AND MANUFACTURING. Portland Is one of the greatest lum ber manufacturing centers of the world. The year 1915, on account of the universal, depression occasioned by the European war, was severe on the lumber industry, yet nearly all of Its mills Were continued In operation. There are,: careful estimates declare, 403,212.109.000 feet of standing com mercial timber within the, borders of the state, and the strong business sinews of this city reach out to moat of. It There being a SO foot ship channel to the sea, with a depth of 25 feet ever the bar, extensive lum ber shipments are made from this harbor to all parts of the Orient, and In normal tlmea to all European ports. The largest furniture manufacturing plant ' ln the United ; States west of Chicago Is located in Portland, and in addition vmany others of big pro duction. According to . report of the United States census bureau on manu facturing, "Portland had almost 200 more factories in 1915 than in. 1909 Th Increase was from 649 J to" 8 37, with an Increase f capital Invested from - 837.996,000 to $48,610,000,: and their products amounted to 355,610, "The city also Is only second to New York and but : trifle below ; that city la -wheat exports.' t-1915, 1$.- tle.755 bushels of this cereal, It ad dition to other tniUona of bushels of oafs, barlay and rye," came into 'this market from the . state's, own , farms and those of Idaho and eastern Wash. ineton. Railroads j trallinl? ; the Co lumbia, "and " Snake rivers down from their far inland waters,; make this a Vfjry desirable shipping point, as there aw a . uv uimgutL nuin .. LV aynnvuai between ; the frralajv-fields and the ocean level An agricultural region covering ' 254.388 square miles is ac cessible to these reads. ' SHIPPING FACILITIES. Portland has ocean transportation facilities to all parts of the world. Its offshore lfnes comprise the Hamburg-American, Royal Mali Steam Packet company, the- Harrison Direct Lines, East Asiatic -company, China Export and Lumber company and a large number of steamships having no regular runs which ply between this port and European and ' Oriental points. Coastwise, it " has the American Hawaiian Steamship company, Boston and Pacific Steamship company, At lantic and Pacific line, operated by W. 'R. Grace & Co., Allan tic and Pa cific to South America, Portland Steamship company to Alaska and British Columbia, San Francisco and Portland Steamship company. North Paclflo Steamship company. Dodge Steamship line, Portland, and Coos Bay Steamship company, and the Ne halera and South Coast Steamship company. Twelve lines of steamers and a large "mosquito" fleet operate on the Willamette and Columbia riv ers, touching all points between the ocean and Lewiston, Idaho. Seven transcontinental railroads run trains to the depots of Portland, and three of these have branches connecting the city With Important trading, centers throughout the states of Oregon, Washington and Idaho. NO PURER WATER FLOWS. More than 67,000,000 gallons of pure snow water dally flows through the pipe lines of the city-owned water works, coming from its mountain source 24 miles distant at the base of tne uount Hood watershed, it Is a gravity system, and Is" fed by the Bull Run river, which in turn is fed by melting snows throughout -the year. The Portland Railway, Light and Power company, with electric, plants driven by waterpower on the 'Clacka mas, Bull Run and CVlllamette rivers, and with flue steam operated plants. supplies the city with light and pow er, 1& addition to operating Its own electrio car system. It generates 90, 000 horsepower. The Northwestern Electric company has a plant at the falls of White Salmon river, on the Washington side of the Columbia, which generates 66,000 horsepower. and also supplies light, heat and power to many residents of the city. The Portland Gas and Coke company. with a tremendously large plant lo-J cated in the northern suburbs, sup plies light, heat and power also. A PACKING CENTER. In 1915 there were received at the tfnlon stock yards in Portland 76.411 head of cattle and calves, 197,888 head of sheep, 803,786 head of swine, brought to the slaughtering pens In 6815 cars, and valued at approximate ly- $18,000,000. Prior to the establish ment of the packing houses in 1909 great quantities of meats were lm ported, but this has now ceased en tlrely and exports of beef, pork and mutton are constantly increasing, There is no more up-to-date packing plant anywhere than that of the Union Meat company, located in a northeastern suburb. SCENIC SURROUNDINGS. No city in the world Is gifted with more beautiful scenic surroundings and pleasure nooks. The Columbia river highway, opened last year, is garlanded with a chain of lndescrib able romance and bordered with an enchanting panorama such as Is met with nowhere elBe 'on earth. On the outward Journey, looking to the left. Is seen the Columbia river flowing seaward between its ' mountain envl rons, and the towering hills beyond. and to the right the rocks and can yons and leaping waters descending from innumerable precipices hundreds of feet above. Tnese canyons are spanned by concrete bridges, many above the tops of the giant fir trees growing on lower ranges. Sixteen miles north of Portland and one-half mile west, are found four mineral springs ln close proximity, the waters 'Of no two being of the same constituency or containing like minerals. They He in a basin sur rounded by a growth of forest tlm ber resembling one's Imagination of an African Jungle. The city has many beautiful parks, two. particularly, overlooking all the buildings of-the municipality, the WU lamette and Columbia rivers and the snowcapped mountains ln the distance, and presenting to the eye a land scape unrivalled for Its. charm and extending far as the eye can reach. Delightful lawns bedecked with roses make fragrant the atmosphere In the residential parts, of Portland. Because of Its i propagation of this flower,' which blooms so lavishly tn this climate, Portland has been chrls tened " the Rose City, and pleasure seekers ' coma thousands of miles to attend its Rose Festival, an annual June event. . Five daily newspapers carry the world's news to the homes and of fices of" our cltisehs, in addition tb which, there, are two dally commer cial papers and SO semi-weekly, week lr and monthly- publications. v There ' are - it large , and over 100 small theatrical playhouses in the city, and scores of clubs an4 social organizations. Portland, Indeed.' la rich In all nat ural. elements which make for human gladness and enjoyments. Opportuni ties for pleasure are plentiful, and those of serious 'dispositions will find la the : business clubs ,and : churches and missions ample food with which to - satlata. their : desire v ;;i, . Back From Eden. ' Brown Back f -to .f ttowa i. again? ' I thought you were a farmer. Green Ton made the same mistake x.aio.--'- -,- - ; PERTINENT COMMENT SMALL CHANGE . Even tho pacificists agree that Villa should b given at least a slap on the wrist.. t ' Its projected shipyard shows there is nerthlng - the matter with, Astoria, either. , r The " thousand-egg hen has arrived. Where? At the Oregon Agricultural college, of course. ilp Tango. Just aaaea fleet, ought to be able to the Russian to show her heels whenever ,U9 wants to. - Vnuaf nma'. ilnMn. "Fairest that grows, tho Forest Grove rose," may be statement of hcl oi rruu doubts it Th. Katlnnat Association of Mer chant Tailors- says men will, wear a fawn coloted coat with white buttons in hot weather next, summer. But will they? r Ka-nnaa ( bon.stlnar that every eec- end famllv m the state has art auto mobile. Probably the first famines; do the walking, reversing the usual oraer or thines. w That Minneapolis lawyer accused by Judge Anderson at Baker of "making faces" at the court should understand that neither twisted logic nor iaces goes out this way. The Uriited States produced 100,000.- 003 barrels of cement last year fact Europe should take into account when assuming that this nation cannot stick together against anyoooy ana everybody. . With the Great Northern railroad also in the market for 30,000,000 feet of lumber, the man who is thinking of building" anything from a chicken coop up ougnt . lo Close a contract for material. HOT TRAILS OVER From the Philadelphia Ledger. Amelia Island, now a v part of the state of Georgia, but formerly in cluded In the Spanish territory of Florida, has been the destination of several punitive expeditions. Alter the abolition of the slave trade within American borders in 1808 it became a place of resort for pirate smug glers and slave traders. It had, indeed, borne that character since the Revo lution, but early ln the nineteenth cen tury It became more than ever a nui sance. In March, 1812, It was cap tured by rebels against Spain, and American soldiers then occupied the Island, holding it until 1813. A little later a I'tr.i of filibustered seized it and thea a force took possession in the name of Mexico. Our first actual step Into Florida took, place in 1817. Conditions respecting Amelia Island were quite as intolerable to Spain as to the United State Gaines, an Ameri can general, was directed to seize and occupy the place until further orders. He went there and American soiaiers held the Island until the Floridaa were acquired by the United States through the treaty of 1819. In the period preceding that date our relations with Spain were consid erably strained. English and hostile Indians, during the war of 1812, and even afterward, made Florida a men ace to the American settlers in Geor gia, Alabama, and indeed the whole southwest at that time. Difficulties with the Indians of the gulf states continued a long time after the close of the Revolution, wheh they had been allies of the English. Tbe whites and the Indians made land treaties, establishing boundary lines; and border outrages, not only on the rart of Indian but on that of the whites themselves, were common. It was commonly believed by Americans that English emissaries among me Creeks were continually stirring up tbe redskins and trying to make as mucft trouble as possible for our government a .It was felt that Spain had amply proven her inability to fulfill the du ties wbion devolved upon her as owner of Florida. Slaves found an easy ref uge there - and hostile Indians and lands of freebooters were other causes of annoyance. Spain, however. In sisted th&t her sovereignty should be Letters From the People Comnianlcatlona sent to Tbe Journal for publication ia thia depart ment ibould be writ ten on only Me aide of tba paper, aboold not exceed 800 words In length and must be ac companied by tbe name and address of the seeder, if the writer does not desire to have th name pubUshed, he should so state. "Discussion la tba greatest of all reformers. It rationallaea iTthlD It tenches. It robs prineipea of aU false sanctity and throws tbem back on their rratonableneea. It they bare no reasonableness, it ruthlessly crnabei tbem out ot existence end eeu up its osra conclusions in their stead." Woodrow Wilson. The Open Order in Battle. Portland, March 9. To the Editor of The Journal Kindly inform me whloh country was the first. to take up the "open formation" (extended order). of deploying troops in drill and ln battle. I think the United Stales army adopted It first after the Civil war, as a re sult of fighting Indian but I am un able to find any autnoritatlve book to sustain me in this opinion. - , SUBSCRIBER. (The use of this system Is older than the Civil war. It was used in the Rev olutionary war. It was learned ot the Indians, and was, of course, in Indian fighting, merelr matching. of their well known method. Its advantages were so apparent that it has also-been used extensively ln battle between civ ilized nations' forces. J e.: - , Ex-Private's View of Officers. Portland, March l6.-(To the" Edi tor of The Journal) In recent issues of one of the Portland afternoon dail ies, my attention was drawn to an article written by a "private," sta tioned at Vancouver barrack who seemed to delight in an endeavor to run down the character of the United States army officers. Please allow me space in your valuable columns to relate my experiences ' with; regular army off icers. : During five years service with the seventh United States infantry, . com pany K, at Fort Snetllnr and Fort Laramie, dating from 187 to 1884, i can honestly say that the regimental commander, Colonel John Gibbon, was most kind and considerate of the en listed men, and my company comman der. Captain J. M..J. Sanno, was of splendid character ; and possessed a kind personality,-"such as one rarely finds in his usual dally routine" and one who was held in high esteem ' the men of the command. Lieutenants Allen il. Jackson and Daniel A. Fred erick were men of equal standing so far as their consideration of the en listed men was concerned. It was the endeavor of alt officers to help the men- to better themselves, and as I now reflect back to that time it appears to me It wae nothing more than a real personal Interest that they took in DBf," , ..,.. During the . time I Was working as motormaa on .the Vancouver cars I had the pleasure of tho company of dif ferent officers of the Fourteenth in fantry while riding to and from the barrack and noticed at all times that each was a true gentleman, one whom AND NEWS-IN BRIEF OKKCaOX blUKUGUTij That farming In Bake'f county Is getting down to a scientific point is evident to the Baker Democrat from the number of tractors being pur chased to supplant the old time method of plowing with horses. ' a a t i ... :. " "Several .men, says - the Astoria Budget, "are cutting cordwood along the hillside owing to the fuel shortage In the city. Property owners are al lowing the woodmen free access to the supply In order j to get their land cleared." -. , Joyful note in Newberg Enterprise: 'The sound of the handle factory whistle Monday morning after several months' susDension of work was a cheering indication' of - a welcome change- ln the situation in regard to that industry," . - j This very good sign is noted by the ' Medford Sun: "A -squad of wan derers . passed through this city Wednesday night bound for Weed, where they will work in the woods. There has been less transient travel by box car than for years, through this city, according to the police." The housing problem in Grant coun ty., as stated by the Canyon city Kagle: "Twenty or 25 bouses could be readily rented here, but alas and alack, there are none. Canyon City needs more houses rather than more people. The same situation, however, exists at John Day and houses for rent are by no means a drug on the market at Prairie City." Oregon newspapers In or near mining districts are now liberally sprinkled wlthi such significant items as this, which is from the Joseph Herald: "Jumbo Lapham has returned to Jo seph, after an absence of nearly two years in Cornucopia and Copperfield. He and Bob Kldd expect to spend a portion of the summer developing their rich zino mining property on Hurricane creek." BOUNDARY LINES respected. Jefferson was the first president to try to buy Florida and negotiations were carried on Inter mittently for' a score of years. In 1817 there were frequent collisions be tween, whites and Indians on 'tbef ren tier. Gaines . attacked Fowltolk on the American side of tbe border, and defeated the chief of the Creeks. Im mediately the Indians lit the whole eeo tion went on the warpath and the Sem inole war began. Jackson, who superceded Gains as commander io-he southwest advanced through Georgia in great haste and ln March, 1818, was on the Florida fron tier. His orders allowed him to fol low tbe enemy into Spanish territory, but forbade him to attack a Spanish post He marched straight into Flor ida and took the Spanish forts at St Mark's and Pensacol claiming that the Spanish authorities had aided and abetted the Indian as well as cer tain Englishmen whom he accused of fomenting trouble. He captured the Englishmen, Arbuthnot and Ambrlster, and hanged them forthwith, ln spite of their British citizenship. Two In dian chiefs were hanged without the formality of a trial. In all this he evceeded his authority from Wash ington, but popular sentiment through out the United States- was ln his favor. The Washington government feared foreign complications through Jack son's energetic and self sufficient ac tion, but England allowed the matter to pas as Arbuthnot and Ambrlster had obviously been where they had no business to b e Spain demanded the punishment of Jackson' and the surrender of the pro vince, over which the general had raised the American flag. Secretary of State Adam however, was equal to the occasion. In bold and able dis patches he Justified the Invasion on the- ground that Spain evidently had not properly preserved the neutrality of her territory. Negotiations for the purchase of Florida were resumed and in 1819 a treaty of cession was con cluded. The Florida episode differs from the Mexican ln the fact that on Jackson's part though not on that of the administration, a desire for terri torial conquest entered Into the mat ter. The present purpose, of course, is purely punitive. I might refer to being then Major Charles-H. Martin, who Is now on border duty, and the officers of this regiment were as unassuming as most of the traveling public. O. W. RUFNER. Sees Dangers in Mexico. Portland, March 17. To the Editor of The Journal. As a reader of your paper for several years. I appreciate the fa"t that The Journal has con sistently refused to degenerate into a Jingo newspaper. But what Is the use now to attempt to fool ourselves and others with assertions that the expedition into Mexico is going to be merely a man hunt for Villa and his followers? The real rulers of the country (not Wilson and his cabinet; not the masses of the people) .have now got the excuse they have wanted and prayed for for years. No sensible person ln the country doubts that Mr. Wilson i honestly and earnestly do ing all he can to avoid Just such a tituatlon as this, but he no doubt real izes by this time the despotism of moneyed Interests in this "democratic" republic. If this country were invaded t would freely offer myself in resistance of such an invasion, but I have lived among both Mexicans and Americans. I have seen Ignorant Mexicans and ed ucated Americans mingle, and at such times I bave always found the Mexi cans the more sensible, because,' though you may hear a lot about Mexican prejudice against American It is not nearly so much ln evidence as Ameri can overbearing intolerance .and In justice against Mexican The plutocrats know .these things, and before the masses realize it they may be drawn into a conflict that "will end In a general war. A. E. WILSTROM. Promises and Taxes. Mt Angel. Or., March It. To the Editor of The Journal. Don't y6tt suppose tbe people that voted for Gov ernor Wlthycombe are happy now? His faithful promises to lower our taxes, where are they? Like all the rest-r-made to be broken. The night before election a Mr. Hofer spok here at Mt Angel. Me told the peo ple that unless they voted the ticket he distribute! Wlthycombe at ths head of It our taxes would go tip And we would -get into awful trouble. Everything would go wrong. He actu ally frightened the' people into vot ing for Withyombe. Now they see where they have been duped. Our taxes are af least one-third .higher, t presume Governor Wlthycombe, Mr. Day and Mr. Kay are laughing at US behind our backs and. svyisg they will try again. - , . f I am glad to say that I, for one, was not Juped, although I must suf fer with the rest. I wonder If Gov ernor Wlthycombe feeds bis calves on one qoart f . milk a day yet or how many hogs he has killed with mil from the separator? WOMAN WHO IS TOE AWAKE. TKgjQnce Qef Life's Infinite Variety. '-' Anticipating an Improvement In the marrying buiness County Clerk Wat-; on has Jut placed an order for . thousand more marriage certificate Coquliie Sentinel. A ?ATs f I, il . , . - - - . - iw ujer youngsters oi tne city have opened the barefoot rea son nnrf I " uy anernoon it WAS rt- iZ-Vs poiice - rylhRA been "wimmlng to BUI ?h poUc made an investiga tion, but could find no boys. At this -season of the year bathing ln ths classic Btream Is liable, to result in wieir catching their death ox damp- ness." Medford Sun. . The war nf ". . s6c ii numi wi S"? C1rnce Osborne has filed this i Jf"y. ve spot for getting out of con- Janti?,al "J a" h trlPPed th Hetht'i fantastic. The authorities at John Day !Lek."lre.1,y P81 their efforts to keep the young people from getUng talnragieWhU8 danclnS--Blue Moun a ' Mrs. Ben Esser is mourning the loss ? u- .her canary, which died on vvednesday evening. The little bird " ""auwrui singer and was so housed , Lii'-.'. the; -r m ..vn. i until io room aia : afDf nly ing ,nto l "-o- r. na air a. ser took a great deal nf tuin. in 1. .... ,. , woMuuK nm in- -iJ nd U adly misd. not fin I V' r. A V n A L- a . a. w a.....,, uui Dy an wno had heard film sing. XHI XABTIAL MUSE. Oar Sid of It. By PrlTste Percy Webb, V. S. M. C W?'r? ??' "aed of the uuiform ..-,! " ro S friead, lou 11 nerer aay ajalnat it. W word that would offend; It baa covered honored bodies. And by heroes haa bean worn 81 the days of the Hapubllc. When the Stars and Stripes atr bora. Uniform har many patterns Some are khaki, some ,r blue And tbe men who choose to wear 'tbea Are of many patterns too; Borne are eoaa of wealthy purs tils. some are college crtrtuates; eetne nave any manly virtues- son e are simply reprobates. We bare many ekilled mechanics Me of braina and letters, who t?aHr have set-red their country That they are a credit to. Bo Indeed, they're not all angels; 'TKi!.Cf"-rd,? T"- W,'Te r',a 0f tboSS) When thee came Into ths nerrlc bay all wore civilian clothes. Mtn, ?' n k,Das. when they're drlnklnf. liisbehiTe, act roua-u and awear: Drunken soldiers or rlrilisns Aie distrusting anywhere. GJU'l...u thto- roar klBl forbesrsn.ee: We'll appreciate it mors Than 4 lot of noisy ebeerln Wbea we're ieavhig for a war. Wa have sat with vm, . v. i And hsv smelted your whlkt'-brith. Heard remarks, tnsana and slliv Nearly borlna; us to death; Though wa offered.no objections When ln theatres we'va met Yet you tblnk you should exclude 'is From the moat exclusive (?) st. If yoo meet os out to public On the street or anywhere Wa don't merit aneerinf glances Or a patronlckis; stare; For we have an honored callinjr, Aa our garment, plainly show; You may be s thief or parson Uuw on earth era we to know ? I don't care for your profession Occupation What ywi do. When you're gsalnf at a aoldlsr. And lie's looklna: back at vmi I Who ia there to judge Lvtweeu you. Aa you stand there msn to man? vOnly ont tbe Cireat Almighty .ui suviuer u you cant Drop your proud" and haughty bearing. And your egotistic pride. Oct acquainted with tbe Soldier And tbe heart and soul Inaide, Teat and try to anslyte him. t:rltlclse blm through and through. And you'll very likely find him Just aa good a man as you. wet beau rorrari Good poetry ia batter than all tba polemics in the world. It broadens vistas and Quiekens sympathy. It lifts people out of thsmaalvaai provides an escape into larger Ufa. If you would keen young and friendly, fond of all ths world, read poetry, and if you read tbe right kind of poetry yon will discover that you are a poet yourself. To bs a poet ia to get and te give the real Joy of living. wm. Marlon Seedy. . 8 peaking of Names. J. Kelly Pool, preaident of the Ml ourt Editorial association and editot of the Centralla (Mo.) Courier, Is a possible nominee of the Democratic party for secretary of the state. ' Our Own free -esson la Spanish Pronunciation. T'ncle Fam will get you. Villa Though you be eotn mterills. Arthur Perry in Medford Sun. Art. 'tis plain, you seldom see a Name pronounced like that of Villa. Uncle Jeff Snow Says: It beats the Dutch how the peo ple who want to get off at the second floor always get in the back of a crowded elevator. I alius feel a lit tle silly in the spring. StreetSSlKM own Colonel Bosh Scents a Mystery. COLONEL BUSH of Bull Run, wan dered Into the "bar" at the Oreon hotel and ordered a loganberry high ball and winked. He tasted the red, luscious drink. He looked disappointed and said; "Some times it works and sometimes it don't "You know I feel sorry for the boys who come to Portland and who are not used to living like camels In the desert J "Of course there are oases, but hown ean vou find them? '. "Now I am not talking about myself and I can get along without the sturr, If I had my way I'd do away with tho manufacture Of hard liquor entirely. "But I wonder what them thirsty) fallows from, eastern Oregon do when they come to ' Portland with their tongues hanging out Toa know It's awful dangerous to; cut them fellows off from their nopse all of a sudden. They're liable tin break lnt Walter Evan s eafe or burst open , MIU Miller's private stock ofj moonshine whiskey and create an! awful ruction. -Why If you'd start any of that Pen dleton crowd out after a drink he'd get it or bust the .town wide open. ' "Now it maybe that the authorities realize this and take care of these strangers tn their midat by whacking Up their own supply with them. -What I'm driving at Is this Hl an awful dark mystery where them fel lows get- their goods. Are they sub sisting on their two quarts a mental Who is peddling them their exceast W "Now I ain't heard any of them cat tlemen and sheepmen kicking yet, and they ain't showing no signs of a drouth. There are certainly soma fountains of hourbon. rye : and Scotch bubbllna) up somewhere In this city, an i If 1 can't locate one eoon and fill, up own '- flask purely for medicine purposes nly. of oourso fit Be islam banged iM : flon't see : Walter- Evans and have the law down on tasrn self-l ish eastern Oregon fellows who Won't whack up." . - - , K - I - r V