. - " I " - ! V 1 ' j1 " -
MARCH 20. 1915J Pc: f;: yrf?.-:yuM ;' ' 1 '
THE : OREGON
DAILY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SATURDAY
EVENING
5
f
ART OF DROP FORGING
HAS ALMOST REACHED
STATE OF PERFECTION
Wonderfuf Work Is Produced
by Great Hammers in the
Shaping of Different Parts
DELIVERY OF BUICK SHIPMENT. BEGINS
Advic
Given as to When
and Hdw to
Use Demon-
stratior
Car
INTERESTING INSIGHT
INTO METHODS OF
AGEp SECURED
HAKDSOME NEW CAR JUST ARRIVED FROM EAST
fii 1 -i rlllxlD
SMITHY WAS ORIGINATOR
later Railroad Blacksmith and After
ward Automobile Men Brought
Scisncs to Present Efficiency.
To a great extent the tremendous
.production records attained by the
larger American motor car factories in
'. the past few years 'have been accom-
pllshed through the rupM strides made
In tiie development of th"e art of drop
foriring. '
From the very beginning of the auto
mobile industry," engineers have sought
a means of obtaining , maximum
. strength ' in the parts subjected- to
: heavy strain,' without adding useless
weight to the - completed car. lirop
forging and the use of high grade
chromo Vanadium steel proved the
solution of the problem, and today the
. manufacturer who builds the majority
Of the parts 'used fri his car, counts an !
; efficient forge Hliop as one of hia most
Valuable posnessioiis. (
Our old friend, the .village black
smith, was tlio first to drop forge.
Somft 60 years bk a member of this
brothf-rhod evolved the scheme . for
tisln a steam hammer on the larger
forgijigs he lial to 'make. Hut in or
der, to achieve the desired result; he
was-compelled to worktrou,t the mate-
. rial almost to- the. desired shape by
band, .-then with ttier aid of portable
tools which were used "in conjunction
with liis crude steam hammer, the
forgings were finished to size. With
this method, much depended upon- the
fckill of the smith, and uniformity
was more or less a matter of guess
work. The human clement was strong.
. f Wow Purely Mechanical.
.The railroad 'blacksmith . took -up . the
methods of :his predecessor arid im
proved upon them, and. the experts in
the. big sewing machhie, shoo machin
ery and harvesting machinery -factories
added inventions and improve
ments which still further simplified
the process. ' '
The automobile1 manufacturer, how
. ever, has brought the art down to its
greatest point of: efficiency, and men
who understand'; the principles of
. motor car construction are inclined to
measure the 'longevity of an automo
bile by the number of drop forgings
entering into its construction.
From the fact that drop forging is
nowadays purely mechanical, thus
', eliminating th human element of skill
' and artisaiiship formerly acquired by
;the . smith, the methods used are ex
tremely simple and effect a wonderful
reduction in the cost of production,
and in addition, uniformity of product
Is absolutely assured. In some cases
the production cost is reduced -.on a
ratio of about 40 or &0 to 1. Forgings
can be made in greater variety, and
those which were most difficult and
even impossible to finish over' tho
anvil, arc now formed with apparent
ease under the drop hammer. There is
' almost no limit to design; any shape
from a cocked hat to a frying pan can
be formed. In addition, the work is
accurate and finished.
Advantages Grasped.
As pioneers in the manufacture of
parts for automobiles. Dodge Brothers,
who have just placed their- own' car
- on the niarket, rapidly grasped the ad-
- Vantages , of drop: forging, and, their
forge plant in Detroit is pointed out
as typifying all that is best 'in the
business. The huge steam hammers
.'. Nvith their falling weights, as heavy
us two to three tons, are almqst con
stantly in operation, turning out parts
for ' the new car.
Here the visitor can see the standard
steel stock, heated to a white glow and
. then placed under the hammers, com
ing, from them magically formed into
front Axle, connecting rod. crankshaft,
camshaft, or any other of a hundred
. and on,e parts. 'There is a special set
of dies- for each part, the hammer
head receiving one-half and the bed
of the. machine the other. The first
net breaks down the stock into the
general shape required, while the Bec
ond set shapes it accurately. Some-
- times b6th sets are In one hammer, if
the part is small enough tp admit two
fcets side by side. Often break down
: and finishing hammers are separate.
To the visitor making his first trip
through a forge shop, it-is a source
of considerable wonder as to how the
tnen" in charge of the hammers stand
the terrific heat from the whlte-aot
- metals. The answer is found In the
type of building erected to' house the
forge shop. This is typical of the
-big modern manufacturing institu
tions of the kind. The buildings are
long and narrow,, of steel and con
crete construction, and built so that
during the summer montha it is pos
sible to open practically all sides of
the structure and admitTevery particle
Of air.
II M f33 ih 1 1 I Tne maJr Part of the train, com-
If I lull hjrlstnS carloads for thi Pticifio
I 1 I xKaOT'vScxSkl J III II northwest, was Incorporated Into an
il 19 Wla VsWWiB II
The IJuick
its
10 J
special train has reached
destination.
ben rriade to
Parific
Tho train staffed from Flint,- Mich.,
Kebrua
Cedar
Rapids,
coast.
car load k consign
and 12
points,
delivery
caHoads contained therein
the
has
the several agents of
tbj Howard Automobile Co. on the
y 20, and was run intact to
Iowa, where the 38
ed to California points
carloads eorifigned to Oregon
were wltnarawn rrom tne
train, dnd run as a Fpocial train over
the Cefitral route to California, and
thence Ito Oregon. v
The major jpart of the trial n.
pristng Bl carloads for thb
northwest, wajs Incorporated
other special j train and taken td St.
Paul, Minn., where it was tuirned j over
to fhe Northern Pacific Railway Co..
and run pn a! daylight schedule from
that cityto Seattle.
The train vfas on exhibition in the
yaras or the iortnerri Paclflie
business center of Spokane
Thursdayt Mafeh 11. At Spokane six
carloads for thc Northwest Buick Com
panys Spokanje house, one carload for
Ho, Idaho, seven carloads far Colfax
Wash., one eaph to ReardanJ Harring
ton, Bluestem j and Odessa, ahd to to
"VVaterville, w.ere set out.
morning the
light schedule
Washington.
At RtUvillH
on the stdind
train started bn a j day
loads before
UPKEEP OF YOUR
across the
two carloads
and Chris R
Buick agent there, displayed his; act
ivity by f unloading one of
the dapaxtur
Friday
state of
were put
piker the
the
of
bo
uel
MOTOR
Evef-y year thousands of internal
combustion engjines are thrown into
trie scrap neap, toiaiiv rmneii v nu-
tiun,'' ltcordind to :. 1. Wright, or
the local firm of Ballon Wright
one of the largest auto a-cessory aeai-
eri in ! the Puclfic norttiwest
'An lappreciation ! of the vital im-
nd a
slight ; knowledge or tne conainona
necessary1- for Satisfactory operation.
would !be the nieans of adding many
yejirs pf usefulness to every engine.
Kuir thi-owner oif an automobile, motor
bojit of motorcycle, ; the lack of a lit-
tUj knowledge Bs ai dangerous thing.
Tlie points noted below," continued
Mi. f right, 'jlhouid be thorougnly
uniderstood by levepy operator of an
internal combustion engine."
Pointers Are Given.
All drain cocks are closed.
Valves are prouerlv timed
Magneto is piroperly timed
Spark plug- gaps are prouerlv set.
v.arruretor la properly adjusted.
Muriier is tree rrom soot.
AVatr circulatinel system is in
uer.
All bearings lire Correctly fitted.
Compression space is tree from car-
Valves (being out of time.
If the above suggestions are proper
ly checked and traced, a greit amount
of shop work may be saved the owner
as well as th life of the engine jfreat-
or-
DON
'T DRIVE IN RUT,
TEXAS CLUB'S MOTTO
All Automobilists Urged to
Follow; Example Set; Con
servation Important.
"AH automobilists should be ex
ponents of the Texas Good Roads
flue's motto, 'DonH drive iln the rut,"
in the opinion of C; I.. Boss, local dis
tributor of the Hudson line.
"Conservation of good roads is just
and oil SuddIv are corrupt.
The Causes fojr poor operation .'ire:
Leakage of i coraDression broken
plugs, i l I
raulity pistori rings.
Too inuch plsttn clearance.
I'se of oil ufj tool light a body.
Valvies not seating.
Leaky priminjg cocks.
1 tnn U-.r .vn..'.rn... i'
Hrokert piston ring lock pin.
l!auljty ignition grounded wire?.
l lie I motor knocks because:
Ignition is advanced too far.
Compression is too high.
Spartk plugs are idefective. -
Preillature ignition occurs due to in
candescent carbon or projecting thread.
Cylinders are carbonized.
Pistfn r head is too thin.
Theife is too much piston clearance.
Bearjings have too much slack
Pistyn or piston rings stritce ridge
in cylijnder. .
Fuel) mixture is out of adjustment.
Flywheel bolts are loose.
Knglne is overheated from lack of
water or oil.
The overhea ing of an engine is
caused! by:
Ignition, beinjg timed too late.
alVes not Seating properly.
Radiator or water pipes being fouled.
Water pump being out of order.
Fan I bolt slipping.
Muffler beinjr fouled.
Lubrication being insufficient or
Poor.
Radiator beirg too small for motor.
Brakes dracinir i
IMo.tor being liew and n
'Hun in." 1
Carburetor bflng out of adjustment.
Ha important ria tba pni-num trmcn
or gooo road building. fioori maris
cost a lot or ftnoney and a motorist
pays sL good deal toward it. The owner
of an ! automobiile should feel the re-j
sponsiblllty in making his share ofi
the investment in j good roads go as
fair as! possible
4,BaJ roada discourage motoring, yet '
to)' a Certain ej tent motorists are re-
sponsible for them. How often have '
o 'u eeen a wen oilea road 1-n fairly
gOod condition, or a new section . of
hlghwfiy Just quilt,; become almost im-
passaljle by colnstaht usage of a rut
that was first marked by the initial
cajr td travel over it. Six-inches of
road. Often 12 to 16 feet wide, is called
upon to stand .the! strain of all the
traffid over 1 . . This really should
not? be. Of course it is the natural
tendency to drive i on the crown of
tlje road, but ih principle It is wrong,
if thej road is to be used to the best
advantage.
"After these ruts are started and
the siirface hfes been broken through,
come (the chueic holes and duet holes,
and ih rainy seasons you have the
water to contend with, which softens
the surface and decreases the effi
ciency of ma erial used in making
the road. j
1"'Dbn"t drive In the rut, if lived
up toj would save: thousands of dol
lars ahnually ih the building of roads, j
irtcreajse the pleasure of the tourists!
rriany tirrfes, ahd in the end save the!
aijitomjobile."
Everything
for the Auto
El
obiles
GIBSON ELECTRIC GARAGE & STOR
AGE BATTERY COMPANY
Mar. UbZ 434 ALDER ST. ! A-7435
I ' n -I
ear
th e
warm
Yak
train. .The train was held
Friday ' night, and passed through thf
Yakima valley Saturday.
The special "was accorded a
welcome In all. the towns of the
ima valley.
One carload was left at Sunnyside
and two at North Yakima. At North
Yakima. Mr. Schneider of the lqeal Buj
ick agency, set to work unloading hig;
cars. The train proceeded to Kliensi
burg and there lay over night, f Th4
journey over the Cascades was made;
Sunday, t One carload was set out ai
Auburn for that point, and three car
loads for Tacoma. one for Centralia
and one for Hoquiam were" .likewise
left behind. The remainder ' of th
train, consisting of seven carload.-
for Seattle, two for Kveiett, two for
Stanwood and two for Bellinghaml
reached Seattle' late Sunday night. I
Mel G. Johnson, local manager for
the Howard Automobile Co., accomi.
panied by R. C. Buchanan of ,the Ppec
tator, of this city, and F. H.' Fogarty)
assistant general freight agent fpr th
Northern Pacific railway, went- jfroim
Portland to Spokane, and accompanied
the train across .the state of Afvashi
ington. That the market for Bulcks has not
been supplied by this train is evi
denced by the fact that Mr. Johnson
secured orders for five more carfloJuls
for immediate - shipment to Spokane.
one carload to Sunnyslde, one .to
ima, and ten to Seattle. - .
Yak-
By
By nbeans
suJotnlted tdl
ers of ithe Qldsmobile recently gained
an interesting insight into the business
methods employed by their agents. One
fact- wis brought otut vry forcibly In
the progress or -the investigation,-
that dealers look Upon j their demons
trating car as one cjf theJlr greatest as
sets for promoting business and clos
ing salis. .
Manvl dealfers. while strongly endors
ing demonstrations,
selves as disfavorirj
rArospeetive buyers
buyers generally, ate bjetter educated
in the anerits of cirs than .in former
ft judgment on the
years, and can pas
performance of a car almost lnstantly
It was dedjared bV soitjie of the deal-
a Ter diocks is ail
necepsary for the
of today, and that
any j demonstration
able to
B
arne
business mdthods
their agentsl and th
Believing
public w-oulrl mut
uniform procedure
demonstrations, t
prospect expressed
E. E.
of a
Perli
kerie:
dealers, ,tli
expressed. tham-
g length y rides ror
for the reason that
ers that a drive of
the demonstration
average! customer
some do not requird
at all.
Attenjtion Iwas cal
change w hich has c
this respect
the bulsinesjs.
thougntl necessary
tances land put a
hard tests to! prove
climb siteep Igrades,
clay mud And attfcin
speed c almtjd for it.
the occasional prospect who demarids,
these thingsj; the average buyer takes
them fqr granted
From the! opiniobs
from dealers, tho Olds
Re r.
of questions
manufactur-
: v .- ( !h-. ' '
1 1)11 LI " 1 HCL " - I " y ti
led to the striking
since the earlier days
when it was always
to drive long dps
car through divers
that ft would really
Reo coupe broqght out by Northwest Aulbmobi le company,
pullj through deep
the mftTimiim
Today ' it is, only
hus obtained
company was
comrtile statistics revealing tho
in practice among. it Vniiai off a.t Xndlananolia
ese b
tatistles ser-vf
as a basis for cooperative work among
the deailers.
suggested tp dealers that they limit
demonstrations to from (ten to 30 min
utes, ekcept in ettracjrdinary cases
tnat tney avoid demonstrating until a
that the dealers and the
ualljf profit bjd a
in the matter of
e manufacturers
definite approval
the external appearance and retails of
the car; that they a.void suggesting a
demonstration, but on the contrary,
give the prospective buyer the oppor-
of I tunity of asking for one if interested.
and that they avoid selling tajik during
the drive and allow the customer to
give his undivided attention to the
merits of the car itself, except to call
attention to certain - features in the
car's performance.
Super-Sweepstakes
i Beine Contemplated
'
ed
of
Will Be ColmAiatlon of Alt 600 Mil
Kaces to Date.
Indianapolis. Ind.. March 20. A
j$uper-sweepstakes,v.he culmination of
All 500-mile races to date, is, now d
4ng contemplated by the Indianapolis
motor speedway management, t the
length of the contest to be at thousand
miles and the purse $100,000. j
I The originator of the pi an! is A. C.
Newby, president of the National Mb-
" ' j j
I
Tires Win Phoenix Caramel Prix
Traveling Three Hundred One
One-Half Miles Per
1 1
v-Uldt
iKLace at jl.os
f
Over this hot macadam road, which ground down tires iik:e a gant emerv wheel.
stone Tires again achieve an international ivictorkr March 1 7th. Ninety-seven laps
cqvered in this race, which meant, that aCh of the three right angled (turns were roiinded
-an auauionai xerriiic lire test, kjui or iv
97 times
severe was the test of men, machines and tjres.
.4
tor
I
i
i
ce
Angeles
ield. in a MakwelL Finishes First
I'-1 I I I !..:
Miles at Sixly-Eight and
Without a Stop
entrants only sixifinished the race,
shis is only !one of the many drastic tests through' which Fir4stones have come vie-
muc in fftr'hrti- tnnnfhc : If 1 I '.
In the Los Angeles-Phoenix road race the
lebmted "Cactus Derby" Firestone Tires fin
ishedj first, second and third and in the El Paso-
Phoenix road race (run at the same time, Fire
stones wtin first. Those two gruelling
races over 120QJmiles of unfrequented
mountain and cfesert roads also put
tires iq unprecedented tests.
Study the reasojns for this service
in the illustratiqn -nd compare Fire
stonej prices with thi prices of ordinary
tires. 1 Then you will always use the
tire of most mils per dollar.
WW,
Firestone Net Itrices to Car Owners
Case-I
Round!
Tread
Caa.
Hon.
Bkid
J
Grey
Tab
Bed
Tube
30x3 1$ 9.40 $10.55!$2.20 $2.50
30x32 i 11.901 13.35 2.60 2.90
32x3V2 I 13.731 15.40j 2.70 3.05
34x4 f lSL90i 22.301 3.90; 4.40
34x472 j 27.30 30.55j 4.80j 5.40
36x4l2 1 28.70, 32.151 5.00j 5.65
37x5 1 35.55! 39.80! 5.95! 6.70
38x5 46.001 51.501 6.751 7.55
fa
' z r 1 1 w m
1 1 ih
ill !I Hi
f t
Hi hi
t':i
ir.'tti
H
- -
w
,v
Ffe"
were
fwmei
fig. 2. jExhja coadru
i tires tone
Fig. 3. i inth Pure I
none in flte
F5a. 6J X incH st
VvVW
i Vvvvl
i I
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company
"America's Jarftat
Some Office
JBraieiiM
Non
plic
X
so
Actuki Size 5-inch
Skid" FIRESTONE
of Seajsland fabric in Fir e too
B satisfied with 6.
of ifinestvrubberj between fabric layers
not in the ordinary.
'ara Rubber cushion layer in Firestone
ordinary. i
Fig. 4. 3-32 inch Breaker; Strip of Sea-Island fabric and high.
rjin Firestone less in the ordinary.
Fig. 5. inch Tread, tough, resilient, gripping in Firestone
lees in the ordinary.
e wall of strongest rubber
e ordinary.
less in '
WW
fttWiV
r.'i!i
1
Firestone
III
I Vat a
Mill
I I I
if I I
runs i
in 4
patch
tlinchet
Exclusivs Tire and Biu Kaken."
65-67-69 Park Street, Nl, Portland, Oregoi
Figi 7. Firestone Bead, built into tire
ire stone.
ordinary tire the clincher part
pphed to straight side
space.
yoti pay only
is 37x5 inch Firestone
NON-SKIEM20 be
low the average
four widel
advertised
makes.
for clincher
bead is only
to fill
$39.80 for
and Tactorr: Akron. Ohio.
land Dealer JBrj whera.
fit If Hi
'iS'iJ
UlllN
nilil! i
'fiifJ
mil
fff
'Hi
I
top "Vehicle company, and a director of
the speedway, whose Idea it is to
staKe a contest uch as never has been
seen in the world before. 1
The ne ia to be Invitational, entri
bejinff limited to makes of cars likvlntf
won previous 600-mile ' contests. To
date four such, makes are eLlg blef
Marmon, Delate, . National and Peui
Keot, with possibly a fifth after the
next contest baa" been run. Entering
prjobably five cars each, this would
make a field of! 25 machince. the ab
solute cream of the racing world! with
the pick of racing drivers.
A qualifying: speed of 90 ! m. p. "li.
for.20 laps of t speedway Is to bo
necessary, tand tli rare Is to Jiart at
6 a. m. Drivers are to take trickn dur
ing tlie contest of 250 miles men, two
drivers to a iar; If the race jpoed
through. It will easily be the greatest
ever run. "ay racing experts informed
of the plan. ' i
At tlie rlpso of 191S the total are
planted in rubber in tho Kederatrd
Malay states amounted to 4332
acres. ."'.., 1 .
- . . . 1 . - ) . . 1 . - J
- ' ' t
I VALVE-IN-HEAD fe)
! Cl&S MOTOR CARS
Mr. 1 rack &
pyeir
The air:
Buick
new era
hauling
mercial
vai or tne new
nick marks a
in economical
for the com-
i .
world! T
Representative business
. . - ...
mem. Let us ten ypu
find the i Buick; way
houses everywhere are using
or the Portland firms that
Cheaper. Quicker and More
Dependable. ,
$1375 F. O. B. Portland With Howard Service
Howard Auto Company
MEL. G. JOHNSON. Manaeer
j Fourteenth and Davis Sts.
Phones: Ma n 4550, A-2550
1 RUN FOR iYOUR LIFE
For sure as you're horn,
Here comes the
Best Hand Horn In
ARCHER
Cttif with a Stewart Horn!
the World Price l'"1v DollarM.
AND WIGGINS
OAK STREET, COIHEB SIXTH
AUTOMOBILE SUPPLIES. SFOltTINO COODH.
s
-'i. ' r; 1-. - r I
D i .i i . .
Takes
the
Slant
Out of
the
Piston Hf ati Pack nun D ma mis
BALLOU & WRIGHT, Broadway at Oak
!
Spark Plugs
-4
aut6mobile and shop supplies
TOOLS
Brake-Lining
MOTORCYCLES AND ACCESSORIES -
Preer Tool and Supply Co.
74 Slxtb u Sli oak Sts.
Fnenes Xala 1683, A 1683
r i
iDnsi'moUdl. IT n RES
i'uIcaniTfnrf BrtrMfffn D.F. CLODCETT. - f'
non Mats 7000.