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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 28, 1915)
THE' OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 28. 1915. . Rights of Neutrals on INTERNATiOAt LAW IS UNCERTAIN IN A GREAT MANY WAYS Neutral State Must Abstain From Assisting in War; No Such Duty on People. CONTRABAND IS DISPUTED Entire Law of Contraband Remains Uncertain Declares Authority on International Law. (Continued Prom Pase One.) content. Huoh conduct is. in an inter national sense, illegal. A former counselor of the state de- partment dfclares that, "The proof that it. is unlawful is found in the fact v that its commission is penalized. All acts for the commission of which in ternational law prescribes a penalty are In the sense of that lw unlawful." Penalties for Carrying Contraband, The penalties today are serious. Con traband of war on board of a neutral Vessel is subject to capture and eon : demnation; other goods having the ' name owner share the came fate; like wise the- vessel itself. In case it is owned by the owner of the contraband. Tho very carriage of contraband is also penalized by the loss of freight and detention' of the vessel. Accirding to the same authority "mercharyjise Is not confiscated voy- ages are1 not broken up, ships are not condemned for acts that are innocent; these severe and destructive Inflictions . of penalties are imposed for acts that are unlawful In the present war the naval su premacy of England has made the ex portation of arms from the United . States of peculiar value to the allies. As a natural consequence the chief ef fort to bririK about legislation prohib iting sucJi exportation has been made by German Americans or Irish-Americans. That fact has encouraged the admin istration to declare that any general restriction, pursuant to an act of con gress, would possess an unneutral as pect, because it would lessen the rel ative superiority of the allies and so increase proportionally the power of their enemy. Without venturing any opinion as to the expediency of an em , bargo upn arms it is submitted that ". so far as legal principle is concerned v the preventing by the United States ; of its own people from taking part In the war and hence from subjecting ' themselves to the imposition of pen alties for the commission of interna tionally illegal acts would not be un neutral conduct at which any bellig erent could justly take offense. It may be noted, however, that Pro fessor Kuno Frawke of Harvard uni versity has recently expressed the opinion that the establishment of an embargo on arms "would inevitably bring -our government into conflict with -England and might drive us into , war with England." 'f There are certain rights in the exer cise of which by a belligerent a neu tral, such as the United States, is bound to acquiesce. Two deserve at tentionthe, right of blockade, and the right of visit and search. Blockade Mast Be Effective. A blockade may be defined as the obstruction by a b. Illgerent naval force of communication with the ports or coasts belonging to or occupied by the enemy. Since the Declaration of Paris in 1856 nations have been agreed that a blockade, in order to be bind ing, must be effective that is to say. It must be maintained by a force suf " flcient really to prevent access to the I enemy coast. The right of blockade j does not embrace the right also to es- tablish by force, even if it were possl f ble to do so. a barrier across portions of th3 high seas adjacent to enemy ter ritory and constituting a common highway for neutral commerce. Nor does the right of blockade jus tify a belligerent incapable of exer cising it in cutting off all access of neutral vessels to the enemy's ports by other processes. Vessels of the United States have the right to pro ceed to every unblockaded belligerent port, except in so far as they are cap tured and condemned or detained by reason of the carriage of contraband or the commission of some unneutral - service. Every belligerent possesses the right to visit and search a neutral merchant vessel oa the high seas for the purpose of ascertaining its true nationality, and the nature of its voyage and the character and destination of its cargo. The examination of the ship's papers and of the cargo Jtself Is commonly made at sea. During the present war British naval authorities have habitually taken neu tral vessels into British ports and have there conducted leisurely and pro tracted searches to ascertain the ex istence of contraband. Sir Edward Grey has defended this action by the plea of necessity. He declares that "under modern conditions, where there ' is real ground for suspecting the pres ence of contraband, the vessels should be brought into port for examination; in no other way." he adds' "can the right of search be exercised, and but for this practice it would . have to be completely abandoned," That suspicions may be strong enough in special cases to Justify the British practice is the view of the leading naval authority of the United States Rear Admiral Stockton. Pro fessor Oppenheim of Cambridge university"- declares that if a search at set "has brought nothing to light against the vessel seizure should take place only in case of grave suspicion." Protests Taking Snips to Ports. .The department of state "readily ad mits the full right of a belligerent to . visit and search on the high seas the vessels of American citizens or other neutral vessels carrying; American goods, and to detain them when there is sufficient evidence to Justify a be lief that contraband goods -are In their cargoes." It protests, -however, against the taking of American ships or Amer ican cargoes Into British ports and their detention in such ports "for the purpose of searching generally for ev idence of contraband." In view of the mode of exercising the right of visit v.Tnd search in past wars, tho protest of the United States is believed war ranted, During the present war. the United States has been called upon to ac quiesce in the assertion of certain bel i ligerent claims respecting the mode i of conducting hostilities that not only -'-lack precedent,' but also challenge our roost vital interests and tend to lm- ESSENTIAL POINTS IN RELATIONS BETWEEN BELLIGERENTS AND NEUTRALS. Is there a law of nations, prescribing rules of conduct and govern ing the relations between belligerents and neutrals? In some matters rules of conduct have developed into clearly de fined laws because of general acquiescence; in others the practice of nations shows great divergence of views. It is the special task of the United States at the present time, where no rule of conduct exists, to enunciate a just principle and urge its recognition. ' The government of a neutral state is obliged to abstain frorn taking any part in the war. It must not sell munitions of war or loan money to a belligerent though there is no duty imposed upon a neutral state to prevent its people from doing so. It is the business of a belligerent operating on the high seas, not the duty of a neutral, to prevent contrabrand from reaching an enemy. The right to blockade and the right of search are two rights which a belligerent may exercise and in which a neutral must acquiesce.- A blockade, in order to be binding, must be effective, but a block ade does not embrace the right to establish a barrier across portions of the high seas adjacent to enemy territory and constituting a com mon highway for neutral commerce. The right of search is commonly exercised at sea. Protests by the United States against the present British practise of taking neutral vessels -into port and detaining tliem there for search seems war ranted by the mode of visit and search in past wars. Extraordinary weapons of offense such as the submarine and auto matic contact mine tend to impair what heretofore have been re garded as impregnable rights of a neutral. The Hague conventions of 1907 regulated the use of such agencies of destruction . which vere adopted by the United States. Austria Hungary and Belgium, however, are the only belligerents in the pres ent war to accept the conventions without reservation. Montenegro, Russia, Serviaand Turkey refused to ratify them. The occasional use of a neutral flag by a belligerent vessel under stress of pursuit'and to deceive an approaching enemy is not contrary to international law. The right of people of the United States to send foodstuffs to bel ligerent states depends upon the solution of the problem as to what constitutes contraband of war and when it may be captured. Where rests the burden of proof as to whether foodstuffs, destined for a belligerent country are not for the use of the forces of that nation, is a difficult question, but the tendency is to place it upon the neutral shipper. The whole law of contraband remains unsettled. Views as to what is" absolute and what is conditional contraband vary. There is dis agreement as to when conditional .contraband issubject to capture and condemnation. pair what have heretofore been re garded as the impregnable rights of a neutral. These extraordinary belligerent claims are due in part to the existence of extraordinary weapons of offense. By the submarine and the automatic contact mine there Is undertaken the work of the battleship and the old fashioned torpedo boat. The automatic contact" mine is no respecter of neu tral vessels, while the submarine may need strong glasses and a still stronger conscience to hold back the fatal sting from any helpless victim. Hagn Conventions Not Generally Rat ified. The eighth of The Hague conven tions of 1907 made wise regulations for the use of mines on' the high sejas. While it has been ratified by the United States, Austria-Hungary and Belgium are the only belligerents in the present war to accept it without reservation; and Montenegro, Russia, Servla and Turkey have re'fused to ratify it. The convention fails therefore to impose a contractual obligation upon any belligerent with respect to the United States. Nevertheless, it is believed- that the placing of submarine automatic contact " mines In the high seas Is none the less contrary to the established law of nations, for it not only recklessly imperils the safety of the nonparticipant as well as the par icipant, but also holds in contempt the right of the neutral to the unmolested use of the -high seas. So cautious a writer as Professor John Bassett Moore has recently de clared that "as a' method of warfare tllis must be regarded not only as an atrocity which no nation is at liberty to perpetrate, but also as a direct vio lation of a clear international right which governments are justified in as serting on all occasions." The use-.of the submarine has already given riseV,!) controversy. The sub marine warship labors under diffi culties. When partially submerged it cannot readily ascertain the identily of foreign vessels which it encounters; and the success of its operations ren ders practically impossible any exer cise of the right of visitation and search. Its efficiency is, therefore, greatest when it can operate in a zone wherein every other vessel not easily and simply recognizable may be prima facie ragarded as a legitimate object of attack. Hence the elimination of all neutral ships from that zone' simplifies its problem. Thus the very mode and ex igencies of submarine warfare empha size anew the essential antagonism be tween belligerent and neutral inter ests, and serve in part to account for the recent German proclamation. On February 4 last the Imperial ad miralty announced that the waters surrounding Great Britain and Ireland, including the whole of the English channel, were to be considered within the seat of war; that after February 18 all enemy merchant vessels found in those waters will be destroyed, and that neutral vessels expose themselves to danger within this zone, because in view of the misuse of neutral flags said to have been ordered by the Brit ish government and of the contingen cies of maritime warfare it may not be possible always to exempt neutral ves sels from attacks intended to strike enemy ships. In response the department of state declared on February 10 in an Instruc tion to Mr. Gerard that the sole right of a belligerent in dealing with neu tral vessels on the high seas is limited to visitation and search, unless a blockade is proclaimed and effectively maintained (which Germany is not un derstood to propose). It Is said that "to declare or exercise a right to at tack and destroy any vessel entering a prescribed area of the high seas without first certainly determining its belligerent nationality and the contra band character of its cargo" would be an act unprecedented in naval warfare. Even suspicion of the misuse of neu tral flags affords, it is said, no war rant for the presumption that all ships traversing the prescribed area are sub ject to the same' suspicion. The rea sonableness ' of the suspicion must be established by visitation and search. Hence the United States declares that if a German commander, presuming that the American flag was not being used In good faith, should destroy on the high seas an American vessel, or the lives of American citizens, it would be "difficult to view the act In any other light than as an Indefensible vio lation of neutral rights, which It would be very hard. Indeed, to reconcile with the friendly relations now happily ex isting between the two governments." It is further announced that if such a deplorable situation should arise th., imperial government would be held to rigid accountability and the United States would be constrained to take whatever steps might be necessary to safeguard the lives and property of its citizens, and to preserve for them the full 'enjoyment of their acknowledged rights on the high seas. Never before in the history of its High Seas diplomacy has the United States ad dressed so stern a protest to German authorities, and never before has it had such provocation for so doing. If the usage of nations be the criterion of legal right, the freedom of the seas has long since ceased to be an aca demic dream, and is today the well recognized possession . of every mari time state. In its friendly and courte ous tone, in-the candor of its expres sion, and in its enunciation of inter national law, the instruction to Mr. Gerard is believed to be worthy of the best traditions of the department from which It emanated. Simultaneously on February 10 the United States addressed a note to Great Britain respecting the use of the American flag. The occasional use of a neutral flag by a belligerent vessel under stress of pursuit and to deceive an approaching enemy is not contrary to international law. As the distin guished president of this universe well said in a recent lecture, "The use of a neutral flag by a belligerent ship 4s common in war and lawful. If the flag of a particular neutral nation was used frequently in that way, no doubt the neutral nation would remonstrate." Besents Use of American Ting. The department of state has pro tested against the alleged explicit sanction by the British government for ita merchant ships generally to fly the American flag within certain por tions of the high seas presumed to be frequente'- by hostile warships, and has justly requested that British merchant vessels be restrained from such use of it. While, on the one hand, Ger many Is warned against raising any presumption that a vessel in the Eng lish channel flying the American flag belongs "to the enemy and may be treated accordingly, England, on the other, is warned not to tempt Germany to carry out its threat by making the American flag a certain token of a British bottom. That Adam was for bidden to eat of the fruit of the tree did not excuse Eve's generosity, and it will be recalled that a. serpent tempted both. One avowed cause of the German ad miralty proclamation of February 4, and reiterated in a note of the Ger man ambassador at Washington Feb ruary 15, is the alleged attempt of Great Britain to destroy legitimate neutral trade with Germany and to starve the German people. The United States is vitally interested in this question, not primarily for Germany's sakes, but rather for its own. The United States is essentially a commercial nation. If that description strikes a harsh or unwelcome note, we must nevertheless accustom ourselves to the sound, for this country is chief ly devoted to developing the gifts that nature has bestowed upon our land and to transforming them into blessings for mankind. The United States in no sense resembles, there fore, military powers wedded primar ily to the possession of arms. It Is slow to anger, absorbed in the pursuit of peace, and engrossed In commercial intercourse with the outside world. When, therefore, its foreign com merce is thwarted by belligerent na tions, its chief interest is blocked, and the elaborate mechanism of Its na tional life sorely disordered. Since the beginning of the war Europe has not hesitated to deride American sensitive ness to interference with its foreign trade and to regard it as a token of cupidity. Weed Solution for Contraband Problem. The right of the people of the United States to send foodstuffs to belliger ent states is bound up in the solution of the problem as to what is contra band of war, and when it may be cap tured. "Contraband"' is a term em ployed to describe an article which is liable to capture because of Its use in the prosecution of war and because of its hostile destination. The declaration of Paris in 1856, to which maritime states are now gen erally agreed, declared that goods of the subjects of a belligerent on board a neutral vessel were free from cap ture, except contraband. Hence the value of the declaration depends upon a Just estimate of what is or what should be embraced within the excep tion. " In the war between France and Eng land growing out of the French revo lution the United States found Itself in a serious predicament. A British order in council of June S, 1793, au thorized English warships and priva teers to stop and detain all vessels containing foodstuffs bound to any port in France, or one occupied by French armies, for the purpose of pur chasing the same, and declaring that a ship should be released after pur chase and after due allowance for freight. JT. S. Mad British Back TTp in 1793. The purpose of the English order was to reduce France by starvation. Jeffersdn, our secretary of state, eon tended that provisions were not con traband and could not lawfully be made such for the purpose desired. As to the plan of England. he said on Sep tember 7, 1793: "She may. indeed, feel the desire ot starving an enemy na tion, but she can nave no right ot doing It at our loss, nor of making us the instrument of it." The United States succeeded In maintaining its position. According to the Jay treaty concluded the fol lowing year, provisions were described as "not generally contraband." In, a series of treaties, beginning with that concluded with France February 6, 1778, down to that concluded with Italy February 26, 1871, the United States secured agreement that food stuffs should be expressly or by im plication placed outside the category of contraband. During the Russo-Japanese war Sec retary Hay maintained a similar posi tion and protested against the treat ment by Russia of foodstuffs as con traband when the same was destined to private individuals in Japan. He de nied the right of Russia to destroy all neutral commerce with the noncom batant population of Japan. He said: "The Russian rule obviates the neces sity of blockades; it renders meaning less the principle of the declaration of Paris that a blockade in order to t tie obligatory must be effective; ' it ob literates ail distinctions between com merce in contraband and noncontra band goods; and is in effect a declar ation of war between a people of a neutral and those of a belligerent state." Following the protests of the United States as well as of Great Britain, the Russian government on October 22, 1904, yielded and announced that food- stuffs should be deemed contraband if destined for "the government of the belligerent power, for its adminlstra- j tion, for its army, for Its navy, for Its fortresses, for its naval ports, for Its : purveyors,' but that when auaressea to private individuals such articles were not to be considered as contra band of war. In view of the present discussion with England, the following signifi cant statement of Lord Salisbury, ut tered during the South African war, has been invoked by the United States: "Foodstuffs, though having a hos tile destination, can be considered as contraband of war only if they are for the enemy's forces; it is not sufficient j that they are capable of being so usea, it must be shown that this was in fact their destination at the time of their seizure." With this statement as to condi tional contraband the views of the de- ! partment of state were declared on j December 26 last, in a note to our am j bassador at London, to Be in entire ac i cord. Upon this historic doctrine American shippers are said to be en titled to rely. The term conditional contraband needs further explanation. We have seen it applied to foodstuffs. Marl time states have long been disposed to accept the threefold classification of articles of commerce announced by Grotius In 1625. Articles adapted sole- j ly to the use of war, such as guns and j projectiles, have been regarded as ab j solute contraband and as such subject : to capture when destined to belliger ', ent territory. Articles not adapted for warlike use have not been deemed to i be contraband under any circum j stances. Articles, however, suscepti ble of use In the pursuit or peace as well as in that of war have occupied a middle ground and have been de scribed as conditional contraband. Nations Wot Agreed on Contraband. With respect to this class greatest difficulties have arisen. Nations have not agreed generally as to what arti cles should be so regarded; nor have they agreed as to the circumstances when conditional contraband is subject to seizure and condemnation. As has been seen, the United States asserts with confidence that articles, such as foodstuffs, attain no contraband char acter by reason of being destined merely to the territory of a belligerent, ! and that they only become subject to capture and condemnation when shown to be destined for a distinctively mil itary or naval use of a belligerent, j Thus it is not only the usefulness of such articles to a belligerent that J makes them contraband, but the proof j that they are in fact destined for a 1 public military service. A serious dif ' ficulty that confronts maritime na ! tions In dealing with the matter today j is one of proof. The question is, when I is a cargo of foodstuffs for example, to be regarded by a belligerent cruiser ! and by a prize court in the country of the captor destined in fact lor the use of the enemy's forces rather than for the enemy's noncombatant popula tion? Or. let us put the question In an- j other way: On whom is the burden of I proof to show whether the cargo is ; contraband or not? It must be clear 1 on principle that If a neutral shippar ! lias the right to send foodstuffs to i the territory of a belligerent state the J proof that they are destined for a bel ligerent use by military or naval forces ' should be made by the captor. The j mere possibility of such use should I not suffice to stamp an otherwise inno I cent transaction with an illegal char i acter. The neutral trader selling his t grain in the best of faith to the prl i vate individuals of a belligerent state (Should not be compelled to piove that j no part of It might eventually come to . the hands of the enemy's forces. As Secretary Hay well said In 1904, such proof is of an impossible nature, "and it cannot be admitted that the absence of proof, in its nature impossible to make, can Justify the seizure and con demnation." What British. Assert Are Their Blffhts. England today asserts the right to capture any form of contraband, whether conditonal or absolute, whether foodstuffs or prejectiles, on board of a neutral vessel destined for a neutral port, if ultimate destination of the cargo is hostile. Thus far the department ofstate, by reason of the previous attitude of the United States when a belligerent, and by reason of the assertion of the doc trine of continuous voyage by Ameri can courts, has hesitated to declare that the right asserted by Great Brit ain is contrary to international law. The department has, however, made earnest representations to Great Brit ain protesting against the seizure and Idetention bv British authorities of American cargoes bona fide destined to ! neutral ports. It is apparent that the whole law of contraband remains unsettled. There j Is a divergence of view as to what is ! absolute contraband and what Is con- rnent as to when conditional contra band is subject to capture and condem- ! nation. There Is a tendency to place I upon the neutral shipper engaged in I the most innocent transaction an over j whelming burden of proof as the only means of saving his cargo from com- plete loss. Unless we remain firm as a neutral, the right to enjoy the freedom of the seas will pass away forever. Unless we maintain the right to feed the hun gry, neutral commerce with belliger ent states will shrivel Into Insignifi cance. To fulfill Its mission the United States needs the cooperation of every neutral power. It needs the friend ship of every state engaged In war. Above-aJl, It needs the devotion to Its ownTSlusa rather than to any other of every American citizen. In the printing of the acts of the British parliament the old spelling of the world "entitled" is still preserved, L c. "intituled."' MiHiiHiMtummittmimniHiiimttimim A Sale of Stamped Regular $1 Kind For this sale we offer a fine lot of stamped Gowns at a bargain price. They arc stamped on high - grade nainsook and can be made with either round, square or V-shaped neck, with the popular kimono sleeves. Regular $1 grade. ff This Sale at Only 07C Fashion's Fancies Finely Featured in Women's Suits $10.90 to 330 There is nothing commonplace or bizarre in this showing of Women's New Spring Suits Fashion's fancies are finely featured in chic, clever mod els, particularly popular are those shown with Norfolk coat. Here you'll find all sizes I in thr most fashionahip ma terials and colors.. Poplins, serges, gaberdines, mixtures, etc. You really must see them to appreciate their worthiness. All are moderately priced $10.90 to $30.00. New Models- Women's Silk Waists $2.45, $6.50 Super-critical women will be well pleased with this showing of new Silk Waists the as sortment includes the latest and best models in crepe dc chine, pussy willow taffetas, striped wash silks, etc. All sizes in white, sand, flesh, Copenhagen blue, gray, navy, black, etc. All prices from $2.45 to $6.50. i .- Fox: Particular Men! New Spring Shirts At $1.00, at at $1.50 Custom made, perfect fitting Shirts, guaranteed by the manufacturers, Ferguson & McKinney, not to fade and to wear to your satisfaction. Otherwise they will be replaced without cost. Our present display includes all the new spring patterns and the most wun son or starcnea cuiis. Men's Underwear, Special, a Garment 50c Fine Balbriggan Shirts and Drawers, in all regular and extra sizes the drawers have bicycle seat and the shirts are equally as well finished. Absolutely the best garments sold anywhere at the above price. following items; check the lots LOT 1 Regular $1.00 Silks at (LQr Special Low Price, a Yard Only Ut 900 yards of yard wide Black Swiss, Finished Mes saline Silks of perfect weave and finish. LOT 3 Regular $1.75 and tf f J A $2.00 Silks on Sale, a Yard tDl.O" 40-inch Black Satin Messaline. Yard wide Black Corded Bengaline and Double Faced Black Peau de Soie Silks. Sale of Women's High Grade SHOES Shown in All the Best Styles Regular $3.50 and$4VaU. w 0 Now, a Pair isOV Our Shoe values are so firmly fixed in the estimation of the buying public that the an nouncement of special reduc tions is sure to bring a throng of shoppers. Included are Goodyear - welt and hand turned kid and colt, gunmetal calf and kid, selected vici and velvets; also those with cloth top. All fashionable, new styles for street and evening wear. Regular $3.50 AM OQ and $4 qualities, atvltOt Child'sHigh Grade Shoes Girls' 8-inch High Patent Shoes, with double toes, sizes SVi to 12; best $2.50 OQ crade. tomorrow at P t 1 - . - - afriiiiimiiiiimiiimiuiiiimimiiiiiiiiim Pacific Phone All Mail Orders Prompt- Home Phone. Marshall 5080 1 ly and Carefully Filled I A-21 12 Charges Prepaid on Express and Parcel Post Packages When Purchases Amount to $5.00 We Are Principal Portland Agents for Ladies Home Journal Patterns All Styles and Sizes on Sale Here at 10c and 15c Each Store Opens Daily at 830 a. m., on Saturdays 9 a. m Store Closes Daily at 5:30 THE MOST IN VALUE Baby Sets and Edges All new patterns 15c 1 grade at yard lUC Baby Sets and Edges In dainty designs 25c 15c grade at yard 'iixffhf -ft i t Embroideries, Edges and Insertions, in both matched and broken sets. Values to 15c at yard DC 1 r Yard for Crepe Sets and Edges, in IDC to 6-inch widths and in very pretty patterns Values to 35c. Cambric Edges and Sets, in 3 to 8 inch widths Elegant hand loom pat terns 25c grade, at yard . See Our Morrison St. Window Display Bands, Galloons, Sets, Flouncings J in Wondrous Variety of Patterns and Fine Materials Values to $1.50 Yard wuL Unlimited choice from crisp, new embroideries including 18 to 27-inch Bands, Galloons and Sets; also 27-inch Baby and Dress Flouncings of fine batiste, crepe and voile; 18-inch Corset Cover and Flouncings of fine batiste, Swiss, crepe and voile; Baby Sets in the finer qualities in the popular lacy patterns, 3 to 12-inch bands and galloons; also in lace patterns. Regular value up to $1.50 yard OK This Sale at. desirable plain colors styles g: in sizes ai px, px.AU, ipx.ov Jersey Ribbed Un- (T f n derwear Special at UUt Another fine line of Men's Un derwear, Jersey ribbed shirts and drawers, in all sizes, in ecru color, medium weight garments, made by the .Augusta Mills. Unsur passed in quality at this low figure. A Special Showing and Sale of the Ever Fashionable you wish to select from and pay this A Full Showing and Sale Richelieu Union Suits Seasonable Weight Garments in All Styles. Union Suits of Superior Fit at Only Union Suits in the best styles, that give absolute comfort and fit perfectly. The closest-fitting Corset sets smooth and com fortable over the Richelieu Union Suits, for there are no heavy seams to press into your skin under the corset. They are made of best quality combed Maco bleached cotton and perfectly fin ished. They come in all styles and all regular sizes. A gar ment that will please you in every way. Specially j A A priced for this sale at D 1 PHOENIX SILK HOSE, Guaranteed, All Sizes, Black and Best New Shades, at 75c Women who are the most particular as to their hosiery can find no fault with these High-Grade Silk Stockings. Phoenix Hosiery is guaranteed to wear to your sat isfaction. The stockings in this sale are made-full fashioned, with double heel and toe, and are shown in all sizes in black and in the wanted new colors. v p. m.. Saturdays at 6 p.' m. THE BEST IN QUALITY A Great March Sale of Crisp , New Embroideries A Spring Opening Sale planned to reach higher ideals than ever before -Leading looms and the most skilled hand workers of 'the old world have contributed their best to it. High quality, novelty of patterns and attrac tiveness of underpricing are the cardinal points of inter est to attract the woman who, at this time each year al ways anticipates here her entire season's requirements in embroideries Swiss and Organdie Dress Flouncings Values s q to $1.00 at, yard DC 45-inch Organdie, Voile and Crepe Flouncmgs. On sale at, yard . . 98c yQ Yard for 27-inch Flouncings, in hem flOC stitched, scalloped and ruffle edges Values up to 85c. All-over Crepe and Voile Embroideries, in beautiful silk embroidered patterns Values to $1.25, at yard DuC yQ Yard for Corset Cover and Flouncing 40C Embroideries, in both sheer and heavy materials Values to 85c. 15c Men's Union a" S1.00 Suits Priced Elastic ; Jersey Ribbed Union Suits, of seasonable weight, all sizes, in styles with closed crotch, long or short sleeves, and in either knee or ankle length. They are perfect fitting garments. M MMWWM rxww .1 Staple and new weaves in all widths and qualities and all underpriccd We're very proud of the values of fered at this sale, and youH be too, we think when you see for yourself what a variety of weaves and weights there is to select from, and how generously we have underpriced them in order to induce immediate purchases. Read the sale an early visit " LOT 2 Regular $1.25 Silks at Q Qr Special Low Price, a Yard Only OC Yard wide Black Swiss Finished Taffeta, and yard wide Black Pailette Silks of standard quality. LOT 4 Regular $2.50 to tf AT $3.50 Silks on Sale, a Yard 1 . VO 54-incn Black Soris Satin and all Silk Dress Satins. French Charmeuse, Ottoman Cords. Moire, Poplin and other high grade Black Silks. A Sale of Towels 15c Regular 25o Kind! Tomorrow at our Art Sec tion, we place on sale a fine line of Stamped Huck Guest Towels at a ridicu lously low price. They are shown in dozens of pretty patterns and are sold regu larly at 2oc. Priced 1 tomorrow at. 1JC 45-inch Crepe and Voile Flouncings, in values OA to 75c, at yard JC 45-inch Finest of Imported Flouncings, values to $2.98, at Yard . J) 1 . D7 AUU Sale New Madras Waistings and Suitings at 25o at 30c, at 40o Three great lots comprising a full variety of new and staple styles in both plain and fancy stripes in all .colors, with plenty in white ground, with black stripes. Unsurpassed values at 25c, 35c and 40c a yard. Scotch Zephyrs at 25c Yard A complete new assortment of Scotch Zephyrs. One of the most reliable wash fabrics. Comes ia all the best colorings in checks, stripes and plaids also in plain colors. Dress Ginghams at 12V2C Yard Hundreds of bolts of standard quality Dress Ginghams, in cluding styles and colorings to suit every taste. All brand new goods. " . Dress Plisse at 25c Yd. I One of the most popular new wash fabrics for spring. Come in dainty flowers, figures and stripes; also in plain colors,- A high grade fabric at a very low price. New White Goods at 10c to $1.25 Yard An unsurpassed showing in cluding all desirable plain and fancy weaves, and qualities to suit every purse. Lawns, shcerettes, voiles, patinc, crepes, dimities, madras, lin ene, nainsook, organdie, bat iste, mull, middy cloths, pop lins, repp, new cloth and "many others. of the New